Psychological Testing and Assessment - Brossura

Cohen, Ronald Jay; Swerdlik, Mark; Sturman, Edward

Brossura

ISBN 10: 0071318275 ISBN 13: 9780071318273

Casa editrice: McGraw-Hill Education, 2012

Riassunto

Psychological Testing and Assessment presents students with a solid grounding in psychometrics and the world of testing and assessment. The book distinguishes itself through its logical organization, readable text, and many pedagogical aids, such as the “Meet an Assessment Professional” feature in every chapter which highlights the works of people such as Dr. Stephen Finn, architect of therapeutic assessment. Now in its eighth edition, this text has consistently won enthusiastic reviews not only for its balance of breadth and depth of coverage, but for content that brings a human face to the assessment enterprise.

Su questo libro

L'autore:

Ronald Jay Cohen, Ph.D., ABPP, is a Diplomate of the American Board of Professional Psychology in Clinical Psychology, and a Diplomate of the American Board of Assessment Psychology (ABAP). He is a New York State licensed psychologist, and a scientist-practitioner and scholar-professional in the finest traditions of each of those terms. During a long and gratifying professional career in which he has published numerous journal articles and books, Dr. Cohen has had the privilege of personally working alongside some of the luminaries in the field of psychological assessment,including David Wechsler (while Cohen was a clinical psychology intern at Bellevue Psychiatric Hospital in New York City) and Doug Bray (while working as an assessor for AT&T in its Management Progress Study). After serving his clinical psychology internship at Bellevue, Dr. Cohen was appointed Senior Psychologist there, and his clinical duties entailed not only psychological assessment but the supervision and training of others in this enterprise. Subsequently, as an independent practitioner in the New York City area, Dr. Cohen taught various courses at local universities on an adjunct basis, including undergraduate and graduate courses in psychological assessment.Asked by a colleague to conduct a qualitative research study for an advertising agency,Dr. Cohen would quickly become a sought-after qualitative research consultant with a client list of major companies and organizationsamong them Paramount Pictures,Columbia Pictures, NBC Television, the Campbell Soup Company, Educational Testing Service, and the College Board. Dr. Cohens approach to qualitative research, referred to by him as dimensional qualitative research, has been emulated and written about by qualitative researchers around the world. Working as a consultant to one major company that wanted to learn more about its corporate culture, Dr. Cohen developed the Discussion of Organizational Culture (a qualitative research instrument discussed in Chapter 16). It was Dr. Cohens work in the area of qualitative assessment that led him to found the scholarly journal Psychology & Marketing, which in 2012 celebrated some 30 years of consecutive publishing with Dr. Cohen as editor-in-chief.

Mark E. Swerdlik, Ph.D., ABPP, is Professor of Psychology at Illinois State University,where he has taught the undergraduate psychological measurement course, conducted professional seminars addressing legal/ethical issues in assessment, and supervised practicum students in assessment. He has served as an editorial board member of several journals, written test reviews for several journals, reviewed test-scoring software for a major test publisher, and served as a reviewer for the Mental Measurements Yearbook.In various professional capacities, he has participated in the standardization of many psychological tests, including, for example, the WISC-R, the WISC-III, the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children (K-ABC), the Stanford-Binet IV, the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT), the Kaufman Test of Educational Achievement, the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scale, the Psychological Processing Checklist (PPC), and the Psychological Processing Checklist-Revised (PPC-R). As a licensed clinical psychologist,a nationally certified school psychologist, independent practitioner, and consultant,Dr. Swerdlik administers and interprets psychological tests, and conducts seminars to train fellow professionals in proper test administration, scoring, and interpretation procedures. He has also served as a program evaluator for many programs, a partial listing of which would include the Heart of Illinois Low Incidence Association (HILA),the Autism/Pervasive Developmental Delays Training and Technical Assistance Project, and the Illinois National Guard Statewide Reintegration Program for Combat Veterans(for veterans who served in Iraq and Afghanistan, from 2006 to the present).

New to this edition is Edward Sturman, Ph.D., an Associate Professor of Psychology at the State University of New York, Plattsburgh. Dr. Sturman is the co-coordinator of the Psychology program at the Queensbury branch campus, where he has taught many courses, including a seminar in Psychological Assessment. Dr. Sturman has developed several psychological tests, including the Mood Disorders Insight Scale (MDIS) and the Involuntary Subordination Questionnaire (ISQ), which have been linked to the course and outcome of mood disorders. He has also conducted research into the assessment of competency and developed a new method to evaluate the reliability of tests. His research findings have been published in well-regarded psychological journals and presented at major psychological conferences. Prior to his current teaching position, Dr. Sturman worked at the Self-Management Group as a consultant investigating the link between personality and performance in competitive environments, including sales and management positions at large corporations. His current research is primarily focused on the vulnerability of various personality styles to mental disorder as well as the evolutionary underpinnings of mental disorder.Dr. Sturman thanks his students, and in particular, Michelle Mann-Saumier, KylieMcKeighan, Joyalina David, Jeff Merrigan, and Jennifer Burch Dean for their work on his contribution to this book.

Contenuti:

PART I : An Overview

Chapter 1: PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING AND ASSESSMENT

TESTING AND ASSESSMENT

Testing and Assessment Defined

The process of assessment

THE TOOLS OF PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT

The Test

The Interview

The Portfolio

Case History Data

Behavioral Observation

Role-Play Tests

Computers as Tools

Other tools

WHO, WHAT, WHY, HOW, AND WHERE?

Who Are the Parties?

The test developer

The test user

The testtaker

Society at large

Other parties

In What Types of Settings Are Assessments Conducted, and Why?

Educational settings

Clinical setting

Counseling settings

Geriatric settings

Business and military settings

Governmental and organizational credentialing

Other settings

How Are Assessments Conducted?

Assessment of People with Disabilities

Where To Go for Authoritative Information: Reference Sources

Test catalogues

Test manuals

Reference volumes

Journal articles

Online databases

Other sources

Close-up: Should Observers be Parties to the Assessment Process?

Everyday Psychometrics: Everyday Accommodations

Meet a Test User:Meet Dr. Barbara Pavlo

Self Assessment

Chapter 2

Historical, Cultural, and Legal/Ethical Considerations

A HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE

Antiquity to the Nineteenth Century

The Twentieth Century

The measurement of intelligence

The measurement of personality

The academic and applied traditions

CULTURE AND ASSESSMENT

Evolving Interest in Culture-Related Issues

Some Issues Regarding Culture and Assessment

Verbal communication

Nonverbal communication and behavior

Standards of evaluation

Tests and Group Membership

Psychology, tests, and public policy

LEGAL AND ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

The Concerns of the Public

Legislation

Litigation

The Concerns of the Profession

Test-user qualifications

Testing people with disabilities

Computerized test administration, scoring, and interpretation

The Rights of Testtakers

The right of informed consent

The right to be informed of test findings

The right to privacy and confidentiality

The right to the least stigmatizing label

Close-up: The Controversial Henry Herbert Goddard

Everyday Psychometrics: Life-or-Death Psychological Assessment

Meet A Test User: Meet Dr. Diana D. Jeffery

Self-Assessment

PART II The Science of Psychological Measurement

Chapter 3

A Statistics Refresher

SCALES OF MEASUREMENT

Nominal Scales

Ordinal Scales

Interval Scales

Ratio Scales

Measurement Scales in Psychology

DESCRIBING DATA

Frequency Distributions

Measures of Central Tendency

The arithmetic mean

The median

The mode

Measures of Variability

The range

The interquartile and the semi-interquartile ranges

The average deviation

The standard deviation

Skewness

Kurtosis

THE NORMAL CURVE

The Area Under the Normal Curve

STANDARD SCORES

z Scores

T Scores

Other Standard Scores

Normalized standard scores

Close-up: The Normal Curve and Psychological Tests

Everyday Psychometrics: Consumer (of Graphed Data), Beware!

Meet a Test User: Meet Dr. Jeff Laurent

Self-Assessment

Chapter 4OF TESTS AND TESTING

SOME ASSUMPTIONS ABOUT PSYCHOLOGICAL TESTING AND ASSESSMENT

Assumption 1: Psychological Traits and States Exist

Assumption 2: Psychological Traits and States Can Be Quantified and Measured

Assumption 3: Test-Related Behavior Predicts Non-Test-Related Behavior

Assumption 4: Tests and Other Measurement Techniques Have Strengths and Weaknesses

Assumption 5: Various Sources of Error Are Part of the Assessment Process

Assumption 6: Testing and Assessment Can Be Conducted in a Fair and Unbiased Manner

Assumption 7: Testing and Assessment Benefit Society

WHAT’S A "GOOD TEST"?

Reliability

Validity

Other Considerations

NORMS

Sampling to Develop Norms

Developing norms for a standardized test

Types of Norms

Percentiles

Age norms

Grade norms

National norms

National anchor norms

Subgroup norms

Local norms

Fixed Reference Group Scoring Systems

Norm-Referenced versus Criterion-Referenced Evaluation

CORRELATION AND INFERENCE

The Concept of Correlation

The Pearson r

The Spearman Rho

Graphic Representations of Correlation

Regression

Multiple regression

INFERENCE FROM MEASUREMENT

Meta-Analysis

Culture and Inference

Close-up: How "Standard" is Standard in Measurement?

Everyday Psychometrics: Putting Tests to the Test

Meet a Team of Test Users: Meet Dr. Howard Atlas and

Dr. Steve Julius

Self-Assessment

Chapter 5RELIABILITY

THE CONCEPT OF RELIABILITY

Sources of Error Variance

Test construction

Test administration

Test scoring and interpretation

Other sources of error

RELIABILITY ESTIMATES

Test-Retest Reliability Estimates

Parallel-Forms and Alternate-Forms Reliability Estimates

Split-Half Reliability Estimates

The Spearman-Brown formula

Other Methods of Estimating Internal Consistency

The Kuder-Richardson formulas

Coefficient alpha

Measures of Inter-Scorer Reliability

USING AND INTERPRETING A COEFFICIENT OF RELIABILITY

The Purpose of the ReliabilityCoefficient

The Nature of the Test

Homogeneity versus heterogeneity of test items

Dynamic versus static characteristics

Restriction or inflation of range

Speed tests versus power tests

Criterion-referenced tests

Alternatives to the True Score Model

Generalizability theory

Item response theory

RELIABILITY AND INDIVIDUAL SCORES

The Standard Error of Measurement

The Standard Error of the Difference Between Two Scores

Close-up: Item Response Theory

Everyday Psychometrics: The Reliability Defense and the

Breathalyzer Test

Meet a Test User: Meet Dr. Bryce B. Reeve

Self-Assessment

Chapter 6VALIDITY

THE CONCEPT OF VALIDITY

Face Validity

Content Validity

The Quantification of Content Validity

Culture and the Relativity of Content

Validity

CRITERION-RELATED VALIDITY

What Is a Criterion?

Characteristics of a criterion

Concurrent Validity

Predictive Validity

The validity coefficient

Incremental validity

Expectancy data

Decision theory and test utility

CONSTRUCT VALIDITY

Evidence of Construct Validity

Evidence of homogeneity

Evidence of changes with age

Evidence of pretest/posttest changes

Evidence from distinct groups

Convergent evidence

Discriminate evidence

Factor analysis

VALIDITY, BIAS, AND FAIRNESS

Test Bias

Rating error

Test Fairness

Close-up: Base Rates and Predictive Validity

Everyday Psychometrics: Adjustment of Test Scores by Group

Membership: Fairness in Testing or Foul Play?

Meet a Test User: Meet Dr. Adam Shoemaker

Self-Assessment

Chapter 7UTILITY

WHAT IS UTILITY?

Factors that Affect Test Utility

Psychometric soundness

Costs

Benefits

UTILITY ANALYSIS

What is a Utility Analysis?

How is a Utility Analysis Conducted?

Expectancy data

The Brogden-Cronbach-Gleser Formula

Some Practical Considerations

The pool of job applicants

The complexity of the job

The cut score in use

METHODS FOR SETTINGS CUT SCORES

The Angoff Method

The Known Groups Method

IRT-based methods

Other Methods

Close-up: Utility Analysis: An Illustration

Everyday Psychometrics: Re-thinking the Costs of Testing—and Not

Testing

Meet a Test User: Meet Dr. Erik Viirre

Self-Assessment

Chapter 8Test Development

TEST CONCEPTUALIZATION

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Su questa edizione

• Editore: McGraw-Hill Education
• Data di pubblicazione: 2012
• ISBN 10: 0071318275
• ISBN 13: 9780071318273
• Rilegatura: Copertina flessibile
• Numero di pagine: 672