THiNK: Critical Thinking and Logic Skills for Everyday Life - Brossura

Boss, Judith A.

Brossura

ISBN 10: 007803843X ISBN 13: 9780078038433

Casa editrice: McGraw-Hill Education, 2014

Riassunto

THiNK offers instructors core content and pedagogy in a succinct magazine format that teaches them the importance of overcoming feelings and opinions to commit to positions based on reason and logic. Boss’s 3rd edition is powered by Connect Critical Thinking, a state of the art digital learning environment that helps you connect your students to their coursework. Whether accessing online homework and quizzes, or assigning SmartBook and LearnSmart, the first and only adaptive learning experience, Connect provides a complete digital solution for your classroom. With extensive opportunity for application and practice, and groundbreaking digital content, THiNK directs students to make connections between skill development and apply it to their college studies, careers, and personal lives.

Instructors and students can now access their course content through the Connect digital learning platform by purchasing either standalone Connect access or a bundle of print and Connect access. McGraw-Hill Connect® is a subscription-based learning service accessible online through your personal computer or tablet. Choose this option if your instructor will require Connect to be used in the course. Your subscription to Connect includes the following:

· SmartBook® - an adaptive digital version of the course textbook that personalizes your reading experience based on how well you are learning the content.
· Access to your instructor’s homework assignments, quizzes, syllabus, notes, reminders, and other important files for the course.
· Progress dashboards that quickly show how you are performing on your assignments and tips for improvement.
· The option to purchase (for a small fee) a print version of the book. This binder-ready, loose-leaf version includes free shipping.

Complete system requirements to use Connect can be found here: http://www.mheducation.com/highered/platforms/connect/training-support-students.html

Su questo libro

L'autore:

Judith A. Boss earned her PhD in 1990 from Boston University, her MA from Dalhousie University in Canada in 1971, and her BA from the University of Western Australia in 1969. Prior to pursing a career in academia, she worked as a writer/researcher for the Nova Scotia Museum. She was on the faculty of the Department of Philosophy at the University of Rhode Island from 1988 to 1995 and worked as Assistant Director of Curriculum Affairs at Brown University School of Medicine until 2004, when she "retired" to return to full-time writing. She remained at Brown University as a visiting scholar with the philosophy department for several years while working on her textbooks. In addition to her philosophical interests, she completed a MS in Human Development at URI in 1991 and has led faculty workshops and written extensively on the topic of college student development. She was recipient of a URI Foundation Grant to study the effects of community service learning on students' moral development and has served as a grant application reviewer for the Corporation for National Service. The author of nine books, her publications include ANALYZING MORAL ISSUES and ETHICS FOR LIFE, both with McGraw-Hill. Her textbook THiNK, also with McGraw-Hill, just came out in 2009. She is published in, among other, The Journal of Moral Education, Public Affairs Quarterly, The Journal of Medical Ethics, Academic Medicine, Educational Theory, Free Inquiry, and The Journal of Experiential Education. During her spare time she volunteers with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Services and is active in the Appalachian Mountain Club. An avid traveler, she has traveled with students from the University of Rhode Island and Brown Medical School to work with underserved, indigenous people in Guatemala and Mexico. Her favorite travel destination, however, is Antarctica, and Blue Ice, a suspense/thriller she wrote that is set in Antarctica, is coming out in print next year. She lives in Rhode Island with her daughter, son-in-law and twin granddaughters.

Contenuti:

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Chapter 1: Critical Thinking: Why It's Important

What is Critical Thinking?

Critical Thinking in Everyday Life

Cognitive Development in College Students

Characteristics of a Good Critical Thinker

Analytical Skills

Effective Communication

Research and Inquiry Skills

Flexibility and Tolerance for Ambiguity

Open-minded Skepticism

Creative Problem Solving

Attention, Mindfulness, and Curiosity

Collaborative Learning

Critical Thinking and Self-Development

Living the Self-Examined Life

Developing a Rational Life Plan

Facing Challenges

The Importance of Self-Esteem

Critical Thinking in a Democracy

Barriers to Critical Thinking

The Three-Tier Model of Thinking

Resistance

Types of Resistance

Narrow-mindedness

Rationalization and Doublethink

Cognitive and Social Dissonance

Stress as a Barrier

Critical Thinking Issue: Perspectives on Affirmative Action in College Admissions

Chapter 2: Reason and Emotion

What is Reason?

Traditional Views of Reason

Gender, Age, and Reason

Dreams and Problem Solving

The Role of Emotion in Critical Thinking

Cultural Attitudes Toward Emotion

Emotional Intelligence and the Positive Effects of Emotion

Negative Effects of Emotion

Integrating Emotion and Reason

Artificial Intelligence, Reason, and Emotion

The Field of Artificial Intelligence

Can Computers Think?

Can Computers Feel Emotion?

Faith and Reason

Fideism: Faith Transcends Reason

Rationalism: Religious Beliefs and Reason

Critical Rationalism: Faith and Reason are Compatible

Religion, Spirituality and Real-Life Decisions

Critical Thinking Issue: Perspectives on on Reason and Proofs for the Existence of God

Chapter 3: Language and Communication

What is Language?

Functions of Language

Nonverbal Language

Definitions

Denotative and Connotative Meanings

Stipulative Definitions

Lexical Definitions

Precising Definitions

Persuasive Definitions

Evaluating Definitions

Five Criteria

Verbal Disputes Based on Ambiguous Definitions

Communication Styles

Individual Styles of Communication

Sex and Racial Differences in Communication Style

Cultural Differences in Communication Styles

The Use of Language to Manipulate

Emotive Language

Rhetorical Devices

Deception and Lying

Critical Thinking Issue: Perspectives on Free Speech Zones on College Campuses

Chapter 4: Knowledge, Evidence and Errors in Thinking

Human Knowledge and Its Limitations

Rationalism and Empiricism

The Structure of the Mind

Evaluating Evidence

Direct Experience and False Memories

The Unreliability of Hearsay and Anecdotal Evidence

Experts and Credibility

Evaluating Evidence for a Claim

Research Resources

Cognitive and Perceptual Errors in Thinking

Perceptual Errors

Misperception of Random Data

Memorable Events Error

Probability Error

Self-Serving Biases

Self-Fulfilling Prophecies

Social Errors and Biases

"One of Us/One of Them" Error

Societal Expectations

Group Pressure and Conformity

Diffusion of Responsibility

Critical Thinking Issue: Perspectives on Evaluating Existence for the Existence of Unidentified Flying Objects

Chapter 5: Informal Fallacies

What is a Fallacy?

Fallacies of Ambiguity

Equivocation

Amphiboly

Fallacy of Accent

Fallacy of Division

Fallacy of Composition

Fallacies of Relevance

Personal Attack (Ad Hominem) Fallacy

Appeal to Force (Scare Tactics)

Appeal to Pity

Popular Appeal

Appeal to Ignorance

Hasty Generalization

Straw Man

Red Herring

Fallacies Involving Unwarranted Assumptions

Begging the Question

Inappropriate Appeal to Authority

Loaded Question

False Dilemma

Questionable Cause

Slippery Slope

Naturalistic Fallacy

Strategies for Avoiding Fallacies

Critical Thinking Issues: Perspectives on Gun Control

Chapter 6: Recognizing, Analyzing, and Constructing Arguments

What is an Issue?

Identifying an Issue

Asking the Right Questions

Recognizing an Argument

Distinguishing Between Argumentation and Rhetoric

Types of Arguments

Propositions

Premises and Conclusions

Nonarguments: Explanations and Conditional Statements

Breaking Down and Diagramming Arguments

Breaking Down an Argument into Propositions

Identifying the Premise(s) and Conclusion in Complex Arguments

Diagramming an Argument

Evaluating Arguments

Clarity: Is the Argument Clear and Unambiguous?

Credibility: Are The Premises Supported by Evidence?

Relevance: Are The Premises Relevant to the Conclusion?

Completeness: Are There Any Unstated Premises and Conclusions?

Soundness: Are the Premises True and Do They Support the Conclusion?

Constructing an Argument

Steps for Constructing an Argument

Using Arguments in Making Real-Life Decisions

Critical Thinking Issue: Perspectives on Same Sex Marriage

Chapter 7: Inductive Arguments

What is an Inductive Argument?

The Use of Inductive Reasoning in Everyday Life

Generalization

Using Polls, Surveys, and Sampling to Make Generalizations

Applying Generalizations to Particular Cases

Evaluating Inductive Arguments Using Generalization

Analogies

Uses of Analogies

Arguments Based on Analogies

Analogies as Tools for Refuting Arguments

Evaluating Inductive Arguments Based on Analogies

Causal Arguments

Causal Relationships

Correlations

Establishing Causal Relationships

Causal Arguments in Public Policy and Everyday Decision Making

Evaluating Causal Arguments

Critical Thinking Issue: Perspectives on Legalizing Marijuana

Chapter 8: Deductive Arguments

What is a Deductive Argument?

Deductive Reasoning and Syllogisms

Valid and Invalid Arguments

Sound and Unsound Arguments

Types of Deductive Arguments

Arguments by Elimination

Arguments Based on Mathematics

Arguments from Definition

Hypothetical Syllogisms

Modus Ponens

Modus Tollens

Chain Arguments

Evaluating Hypothetical Syllogisms for Validity

Categorical Syllogisms

Standard-Form Categorical Syllogisms

Quantity and Quality

Diagramming Propositions with Venn Diagrams

Using Venn Diagrams to Evaluate Categorical Syllogisms

Translating Ordinary Arguments into Standard Form

Rewriting Everyday Propositions in Standard-Form

Identifying the Three Terms in the Argument

Putting the Argument in Standard Form

Critical Thinking Issue: Perspectives on the Death Penalty

Chapter 9: Critical Thinking in Ethics and Moral Decision-Making

What is Moral Reasoning?

Moral Values and Happiness

Conscience and Moral Sentiment

The Development of Moral Reasoning

Lawrence Kohlberg's Stage Theory of Moral Development

Carol Gilligan on Moral Reasoning Women

The Development of Moral Reasoning in College Students

Moral Theories: Morality is Relative

Ethical Subjectivism

Cultural Relativism

Moral Theories: Morality is Universal

Utilitarianism (Consequence-Based Ethics)

Deontology (Duty-Based Ethics)

Rights-Based ethics

Virtue Ethics

Moral Arguments

Recognizing Moral Arguments

Constructing Moral Arguments

Evaluating Moral Arguments

Resolving Moral Dilemmas

Critical Thinking Issue: Perspectives on Abortion

Chapter 10: Marketing and Advertising

Marketing in a Consumer Culture

Marketing Research

Avoiding Confirmation Bias and Other Errors in Thinking

Marketing Strategies

The SWOT Model

Consumer Awareness of Marketing Strategies

Advertising and the Media

The Role of Advertising in the Media

Product Placement

Television Advertising and Children

Evaluating Advertisements

Common Fallacies in Advertisements

Rhetorical Devices and Misleading Language

Faulty and Weak Arguments

A Critique of Advertising

Critical Thinking Issue: Perspectives on Advertising and Children

Chapter 11: Mass Media

Mass Media in the United States

The Rise of Mass Media

The Media Today

The News Media

Sensationalism and the News as Entertainment

Depth of News Analysis

Bias in the News

Science Reporting

Misrepresentation of Scientific Findings

Government Influence and Bias

Evaluating Scientific Reports

The Internet

Impact of the Internet on Daily Life

Social Networking

The Internet as "The Great Equalizer"

Misuse of the Internet: Pornography and Plagiarism

Media Literacy: A Critical Thinking Approach

Experiencing the Media

Interpreting Media Messages

Critical Thinking Issue: Internet Plagiarism Among College Students

Chapter 12: Science

What is Science?

The Scientific Revolution

Assumptions Underlying Science

Limitations of Science

Science and Religion

The Scientific Method<...

Su questa edizione

• Editore: McGraw-Hill Education
• Data di pubblicazione: 2014
• ISBN 10: 007803843X
• ISBN 13: 9780078038433
• Rilegatura: Copertina flessibile
• Numero edizione: 3
• Numero di pagine: 480