Logic - Rilegato

Baum, Robert

Rilegato

ISBN 10: 0195155017 ISBN 13: 9780195155013

Casa editrice: OUP USA, 1995

Riassunto

For more than twenty years, introductory logic students have relied on this text to provide clear lessons as well as practical applications of the discipline. Robert Baum emphasizes formal logic and utilizes such elements of popular culture as cartoons and advertisements to illustrate technical concepts. Logic, 4/e addresses all the basic concepts, including informal analysis of statements, arguments, Aristotelian logic, propositional logic, quantificational logic, enumerative induction, the scientific method, probability, informal fallacies, definitions, and applied logic. As with previous editions, Logic, 4/e is extremely flexible―most of the chapters can be included or excluded from a particular course depending on the goals of the course and the time available. This fourth edition features hundreds of additional exercises throughout.

Su questo libro

Contenuti:

• Introduction
• 1.1: The Value and Uses of Logic
• 1.2: What Can Be Learned about Logic and How Can It Be Learned?
• 1.3: Logic versus Psychology
• 1.4: The Organization of This Book
• Chapter 1: Informal Analysis of Statements
• 1.1: Sentences
• 1.2: Cognitive and Noncognitive Uses of Sentences
• 1.3: Statements
• 1.4: Recognizing Sentences Used to Express Statements
• 1.5: Self-Evident and Supported Statements
• 1.6: Logical Relationships between Two (or More) Propositions
• 1.7: Consistency
• 1.8: Real versus Apparent Disagreements
• 1.9: Verbal Disagreements
• 1.10: Implication
• 1.11: Logical Equivalence
• 1.12: Independence
• Chapter 2: Informal Analysis of Arguments
• 2.1: Inferences and Arguments
• 2.2: The Logical Sense of "Argument"
• 2.3: Premises and Conclusions
• 2.4: Problems in Recognizing Intended Arguments
• 2.5: Supplying Missing Statements
• 2.6: Deductive and Inductive Arguments
• 2.7: Criteria for Good Arguments
• 2.8: Dealing with Enthymemes
• 2.9: Complex Argument Structures
• 2.10: Analyzing Sample Arguments
• 2.11: Some Basic Elements of Argument Analysis
• Chapter 3: Aristotelian Logic: Statements
• 3.1: Categorical Statements
• 3.2: Abbreviations
• 3.3: Schemas
• 3.4: Venn Diagrams and Categorical Statements
• 3.5: Logical Relations between Categorical Propositions
• 3.6: Immediate Inferences
• 3.7: The Traditional Square of Opposition
• 3.8: The Boolean Interpretation
• Chapter 4: Aristotelian Logic: Arguments
• 4.1: The Categorical Syllogism
• 4.2: Standard-Form Syllogisms
• 4.3: Mood and Figure
• 4.4: Testing the Validity of Syllogisms
• 4.5: Testing by Counterexamples
• 4.6: Testing with Venn Diagrams
• 4.7: Testing by Rules
• 4.8: The Boolean Interpretation
• 4.9: Syllogistic Arguments in Ordinary Language
• Chapter 5: Propositional Logic: Statements
• 5.1: Compound Propositions and Logical Operators
• 5.2: Truth-Functional Operators
• 5.3: Propositional Abbreviations and Schemas
• 5.4: Conjunction
• 5.5: Truth Tables
• 5.6: Negation
• 5.7: Disjunction
• 5.8: Material Implication
• 5.9: Material Equivalence
• 5.10: Propositions with More Than One Logical Operator
• 5.11: Truth Table Construction
• 5.12: Logically Equivalent Statements
• 5.13: Logical Equivalence and Material Equivalence
• 5.14: Tautologies
• 5.15: Contradictions
• 5.16: Contingent Statements
• Chapter 6: Propositional Logic: Arguments
• 6.1: Truth-Functional Validity
• 6.2: Contradictory Premises and Tautological Conclusions
• 6.3: Abbreviating Truth-Functional Arguments
• 6.4: Schematizing Truth-Functional Arguments
• 6.5: Testing Validity by Truth Tables
• 6.6: The Short Truth Table Method
• 6.7: Truth-Functional Arguments and Corresponding Conditionals
• 6.8: The Propositional Calculus
• 6.9: Constructing a Formal Proof
• 6.10: Inference Rules
• 6.11: Rules of Thumb for Proof Construction
• 6.12: The Rule of Rigor
• 6.13: The Replacement Rule
• 6.14: Conditions of Proof
• 6.15: Indirect Proof
• 6.16: Deductive Completeness
• Chapter 7: Quantificational Logic: Statements
• 7.1: Predicates and Individuals
• 7.2: Variables and Constants
• 7.3: Compound Propositions
• 7.4: Existential Quantifiers
• 7.5: Universal Quantifiers
• 7.6: Negation and Quantifier Exchange
• 7.7: Multiple Quantifiers
• Chapter 8: Quantificational Logic: Arguments
• 8.1: Universal Instantiation
• 8.2: Existential Generalization
• 8.3: Existential Instantiation
• 8.4: Universal Generalization
• Chapter 9: Inductive Arguments
• 9.1: Enumerative Inductions
• 9.2: Relative Strength of Enumerative Inductions
• 9.3: The Possible Elimination of Inductions by Analogy
• 9.4: Statistical Inductions
• Chapter 10: Scientific Method
• 10.1: The Hypothetico-Deductive Method
• 10.2: Hypothetic-Deductive Method and Inductive Generalization
• 10.3: Crucial Experiments
• 10.4: Scientific Method
• 10.5: Causal Explanations
• 10.6: Kinds of Cause
• 10.7: Mill's Method
• 10.8: Replicability and Controls
• 10.9: The Role of Logic in Science
• Chapter 11: Probability
• 11.1: Some Basic Terminology
• 11.2: Two General Principles of Probability
• 11.3: Three Theories of Probability
• 11.4: Independent and Mutually Exclusive Outcomes
• 11.5: The Probability Calculus
• Chapter 12: Informal Fallacies
• 12.1: Disguised Nonarguments
• 12.2: Valid but Fallacious Arguments
• 12.3: Other Informal Fallacies
• Chapter 13: Definitions
• 13.1: Kinds of Definitions
• 13.2: Uses of Definitions
• 13.3: Criteria for Good Definitions
• Chapter 14: Applied Logic
• 14.1: Burden of Proof
• 14.2: The Principle of Induction
• 14.3: Choosing the Appropriate System
• Answers to Odd-Numbered Exercises
• Index

Su questa edizione

• Editore: OUP USA
• Data di pubblicazione: 1995
• ISBN 10: 0195155017
• ISBN 13: 9780195155013
• Rilegatura: Copertina rigida
• Numero edizione: 4
• Numero di pagine: 694