Molecular Scattering of Light - Rilegato

Fabelinskii, I. L.

Rilegato

ISBN 10: 0306303086 ISBN 13: 9780306303081

Casa editrice: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 1968

Riassunto

The development of the laser and the subsequent expansion of research in the field of molecular scattering of light tend to ob- scure the vast literature that accumulated on this subject during th'e last fifty years. The appearance of the Russian edition of Dr. Fabelinskii's book, just as this laser-induced explosion in light-scattering research took place, served to put the earlier work in its proper perspective. However, the book lacked any appreci- able coverage of the laser work. Fortunately, Dr. Fabelinskii has taken advantage of the time between the appearance of the Russian text and its translation into English to expand greatly the sections devoted to areas in which laser research has made such interesting and vital additions, At the same time, revisions and insertions have been made throughout the text, so that the English translation is virtually a second edition of this useful work. The translator wishes to express his thanks here to Dr. Fa- belinskii for making the revisions, corrections, and additions availahle for the English language work. He is also grateful to his graduate student, Mark B. Moffett, who prepared the index and who, during the course of its preparation, made a large number of crit- ical comments and corrections that have enhanced the quality of the final product.

Su questo libro

Contenuti:

I. Theory of Molecular Light Scattering in Condensed Isotropic Media and Gases.- 1. Thermodynamic Theory.- Calculation of the intensity of scattered light according to Einstein.- Calculation of the light intensity scattered by spatially independent fluctuations.- Pure liquids.- The scattering coefficient, the extinction coefficient, and the transverse scattering cross section.- Solutions.- Study of the intensity of light scattered by fluctuations in anisotropy.- 2. Critical Opalescence and Light Scattering in Second-Order Phase Transitions.- Critical opalescence.- Scattering of light in second-order phase transitions.- 3. Molecular Scattering of Light by the Interface of Two Media.- 4. Calculation of the Intensity and the Depolarization Factor of Light Scattered in Gases and Vapors.- The depolarization factor.- Connection between the Kerr constant and the depolarization factor in gases.- II. Some Theoretical Studies of the Spectral Composition of Molecularly Scattered Light.- 5. The Spectral Composition of Light Scattered by Density Fluctuations in Liquids and Gases.- Spectral composition of light scattered by isobaric fluctuations of density and by fluctua tions in the concentration.- Ratio of intensities of the fine structure components.- 6. Relaxation Theory of the Spectral Composition of Light Scattered in Liquids.- Basic assumptions and the initial equations of the theory.- The intensity distribution in the spectrum of scattered light.- Account of inertial terms in the reaction equation.- 7. Nonthermodynamic Theory of Light Scattering in Liquids.- Elementary nonthermodynamic calculation of the light intensity scattered by adiabatic density fluctuations.- Correlation theory of light scattering in an isotropic medium.- Isotropic (polarized) light scattering.- Anisotropic (depolarized) light scattering.- 8. Calculation of the Spectral Distribution of the Intensity of Depolarized Scattered Light on the Basis of a Simplified Molecular Model.- Modulation of scattered light as the result of periodic (rotational) diffusion of anisotropic molecules.- Modulation of the scattered light as the result of rotational oscillation of anisotropic molecules.- 9. Theory of Light Scattering in Crystals.- General calculation of the intensity, polarization, and frequency of light scattered in crystals.- Scattering of light in cubic crystals.- Molecular light scattering in an isotropic solid.- III. Apparatus and Methods of Measurement of the Basic Characteristics of Scattered Light and Auxiliary Parameters.- 10. Vessels for the Scattering Material and Apparatus for the Measurement of the Depolarization Factor in Spectrally Undecomposed Scattered Light.- Preparation and choice of an optically pure scattering medium 158 Measurement of the depolarization factor of scattered light.- Some possible errors in the measurement of thedepolarization factor of  scattered light.- 11. Measurement of the Relative and Absolute Inten sity of Scattered Light.- Relative measurements of the intensity of scattered light in a solid.- Apparatus for the relative measurement of intensity of light scattered by a volume of liquid and by the interface between two liquids.- Apparatus for measuring the angular distribution of the intensity of scattered light.- Measurement of the absolute intensity of scattered light.- 12. Methods of the Spectral Investigation of Molecularly Scattered Light.- Apparatus and methods of study of the wings of the Rayleigh line.- Apparatus and methods for the investigation of the fine structure of the lines of scattered light.- Apparatus for temperature experiments and the illuminator.- Light sources.- Treatment of the results of spectral measurements.- Determination of the ratio of the integrated and maximum intensities in the fine structure components.- 13. Measurement of Some Auxiliary Parameters Necessary for the Computation of the Intensity of Molecular Light Scattering.- A dynamical method of finding (???/?p)S from the diffraction of light by ultrasound.- Elimination of the oblique sound rays and control of the homogeneity of the acoustic field.- Dynamic method of determination of (???/?p)S at low sound frequencies.- Mea surement of the adiabatic compressibility.- Measurement of the temperature dependence of the index of refraction and the dependence of the index of refraction on the concentration.- IV. Molecular Scattering of Light in Gases.- 14. Results of Measurement of the Absolute and Relative Intensity of Light Scattered in Gases.- 15. The Results of Measurement of the Depolarization Factor and the Kerr Constant in Gases and Vapors.- 16. Selective Light Scattering in Mercury Vapor.- 17. Fine Structure and Line Width of Rayleigh Scattering of Light in Gases.- V. Molecular Scattering of Light in Liquids.- 18. Results of Measurement of the Absolute and Relative Intensity of Scattered Light in Liquids.- Absolute measurements.- Discussion of the general formulas and comparison of calculated and measured values.- Relative intensity measurements.- 19. Depolarization of Light Scattered in Liquids.- 20. Experimental Investigation of the Light Scattering at the Interface between Two Media.- Intensity and polarization of light scattered at an interface.- Dependence of the intensity of the light scattered by the interface between two liquids on the wavelength of the incident light.- 21. Application of the Method of Light Scattering to the Study of Solutions of Polymers, Proteins, and Electrolytes.- General remarks.- Methods of treatment of the experimental data.- Some results of the application of the light scattering method to the investigation of the molecules of proteins and polymers.- VI. The Study of the Fine Structure of the Line of Scattered Light in Liquids with Large Bulk Viscosity and Small Shear Viscosity.- 22. The Fine Structure of the Scattering Line. Classical and Relaxational Theories of Sound Propagation in Viscous Liquids.- 23. Dispersion of Sound in Liquids.- Preliminary remarks on the previous investigations of the dispersion of the sound velocity.- Estimate of the possible negative dispersion of the sound velocity 330 Continuation of the search for dispersion of sound velocity from the fine structure.- Estimate of the possible positive dispersion of the sound velocity as a result of the relaxation of ?.- Measurement of the hypersonic velocity from the MB components; dispersion of the sound velocity.- 24. Discussion of the Results of Measurement of the Dispersion of the Sound Velocity in Liquids with a Large Bulk Viscosity.- Summary of the characteristics of the propagation of hypersound 340 Dispersion of the velocity and absorption of sound and the molecular theory of sound propagation.- 25. Experimental Investigations of the Polarization, Width, and Intensity of the Components of the Fine Structure of the Rayleigh Line.- Polarization of the fine structure components.- Width of the components of the fine structure of the Rayleigh line 359 Investigation of the width of the central component in the approach to the critical temperature of a pure substance.- The relation of the intensities in the components of the fine structure.- VII. Scattering of Light in Liquids with a Large Shear Viscosity and in Glasses.- 26. Intensity and Depolarization of Light Scattered in Silicate Glasses and Viscous Liquids.- Scattering of light in silicate glasses.- Inten sity and depolarization of light scattered in a liquid-glass transition.- 27. Fine Structure of the Line of Scattered Light in Glasses and Liquids with High Viscosity.- Some consequences of the relaxation theory of sound propagation in viscous media.- Experimental observation of the fine structure of the Rayleigh line in glasses and in liquids with high viscosity.- VIII. Investigation of the Spectral Composition of the Depolarized Scattering of Light (Wing of the Rayleigh Line) in Liquids with Various Viscosities.- 28. Wing of the Rayleigh Line in Low-Viscosity Liquids at Room Temperature.- Remarks on the nature of the wing.- Determination of the relaxation time of the anisotropy.- Superposition of the wing of the Rayleigh line in the region of the fine structure components.- 29. Temperature Investigation of the Wing of the Rayleigh Line and Relaxation of the Viscosity.- 30. The Relaxation Time of the Anisotropy and the Internal Time of the Kerr Effect. A New Method of Determining the Relaxation of the Anisotropy.- Comparison of the relaxation time of the anisotropy found from the scattering of light and from the inertia of the Kerr effect.- New method of determination of the relaxation time of the anisotropy.- IX. Molecular Scattering of Light in Crystals.- 31. Measurement of the Absolute and Relative Intensity, Polarization, and Frequency of the MB Components in Crystals.- Calculation of the intensity, polarization, and frequencies of the MB components for rocksalt.- Calculation of the intensity, polarization, and frequencies of the MB components for quartz.- Absolute and relative intensity.- Anisotropy of the molecular scattering of light.- Polarization of scattered light.- Imperfections of the crystalline struc ture.- Investigation of the fine structure of the Rayleigh line in crystals.- 32. Molecular Scattering of Light in a Quartz Crystal in a Second-Order Phase Transition.- 33. Light Scattering in a Nonuniformly Heated Body and the Damping of Hypersonic Waves.- X. Stimulated Molecular Scattering of Light.- 34. Stimulated Mandel’shtam-Brillouin Scattering.- Observation of stimulated MB scattering in crystals and amorphous solids.- Stimulated MandePshtam —Brillouin scattering in liquids.- Stimulated MandePshtam —Brillouin scattering in gases.- Elements of the approximate classical theory of stimulated MandePshtam— Brillouin scattering of light.- Stimulated MandePshtam — Brillouin scattering near the threshold value of the intensity of the exciting light.- Large intensity of the MandePshtam-Brillouin components in stimulated light scattering.- 35. Stimulated Scattering of Light of the Wing of the Ray- leigh Line.- Qualitative explanation of the phenomenon. Obser vation of the phenomenon and its basic characteristics.- Approximate classical theory of stimulated scattering of the light from the wing of the Rayleigh line.- Appendix I. Calculation of the Fluctuations of Some Thermodynamic Quantities.- Appendix II. The Most Important Characteristics of the Fabry— Perot nterferometer, the Conditions of Its Operation, and Some Methods of Interpretation of Interference Spectra.- Fundamental Characteristics of the Interferometer.- Effect of Temperature and Pressure on the Resolving Power of the Fabry—Perot Etaion.- Interpretation of Interference Spectra.- 1. Method of squares of the ring diameters.- 2. Method of interpretation of the noncentral interference bands.- 3. Dispersion curve method.- Appendix III.- Table I. Depolarization Factor ?u and the Kerr Constant K for Various Gases and Vapors.- Table II. Average and Principal Polarizabilities of Various Molecules, cm3.- Table HI. Experimental Data for the Absolute Value of the Scattering Coefficient in Various Liquids.- Table IV. Some Parameters for Calculation of the Scattering Coefficient for 20°C, ? = 4358 Å.- Table V. Relative Intensity of the Light of Molecular Scattering in Various Liquids.- Table VI. Temperature Dependence of the Relative Intensity.- Table VII. Depolarization Factor of Scattered Light in Liquids (Room Temperature).- Table VIII. Temperature Dependence of the Depolarization Factor.- Table IX. Depolarization of Scattered Light in Phenol -Water Mixtures at Different Temperatures.- Table X. Relative Intensity of Light Scattered by the Surface and Volume of Various Liquids.- Table XI. Light Intensity Scattered by the Surface of Liquid CO2, as a Function of the Temperature.- Table XII. Molecular Weight Mn, Mw, and Constants.- of Interaction B of Polystyrene Solutions, Determined from the Osmotic Pressure and Light Scattering.- Table XIII. Molecular Weight of Certain Proteins.- Table XIV. Velocity of Hypersound According to.- Data of Various Authors.- Table XV. Some Characteristics of Liquids.- Table XVI. Temperature Dependence of the Scattered.- Light Intensity in the Transition from Liquid to.- Glassy State in Various Individual Substances.- References.

Su questa edizione

• Editore: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
• Data di pubblicazione: 1968
• ISBN 10: 0306303086
• ISBN 13: 9780306303081
• Rilegatura: Copertina rigida
• Numero edizione: 1
• Numero di pagine: 622