Contenuti:
1 Introduction: The Scientific Study of Human Consciousness in Psychobiological Perspective.- References.- 2 Consciousness and Information Processing: A Biocognitive Perspective.- 1. Introduction.- 2. A Brief Historical Overview.- 2.1. Biological Constraints on Learning Processes.- 2.2. Growth of the Developmental-Maturational Perspective.- 2.3. Constructive Nature of Perceptual Processes.- 2.4. Self-Regulation.- 3. Consciousness, Unconsciousness, and Biocognitive Structures.- 3.1. The Nature of the Unconscious.- 3.2. The Transition to Consciousness.- 3.3. Some Possible Functions of Consciousness.- 3.4. Hemispheric Specialization and the Representation of Consciousness.- 4. Influences on Biocognitive Structures and Styles of Information Processing.- 4.1. Species Characteristics.- 4.2. Genetic Influences and Individual Differences.- 4.3. Cultural and Social Influences.- 5. On Making the Unconscious Conscious.- References.- 3 Mind, Brain, and Consciousness: The Organization of Competence and Conduct.- 1. Consciousness and Information Processing.- 2. Consciousness and Self-Consciousness.- 3. Consciousness and Feelings.- 4. Consciousness and Information Measurement.- 5. Consciousness and Competency.- 6. Consciousness and Perception.- 7. Consciousness and Mind.- References.- 4 Stress-Induced Behavior: Chemotherapy without Drugs.- 1. Stress-Induced Behavior.- 1.1. Eating.- 1.2. Sexual Behavior.- 1.3. Aggression.- 1.4. Neuropharmacology of Stress-Induced Behavior.- 1.5. Parallels between Stress-Induced Behaviors in Animals and Humans.- 1.6. Possible Function of Stress-Induced Behavior.- 2. Stereotypy as a Consequence of Stress in Animals and Humans.- 2.1. Stereotypy.- 3. Why Dopamine?.- 4. Summary.- References.- 5 Redundancy in the Nervous System as Substrate for Consciousness: Relation to the Anatomy and Chemistry of Remembering.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Localization of Memory Consolidation Function.- 3. Redundancy of the Central Nervous System.- 4. Redundancy as a Neurobiological Substrate of Consciousness.- 5. Biochemistry of Memory.- 6. Conclusion.- References.- 6 Multipotentiality: A Statistical Theory of Brain Function—Evidence and Implications.- References.- 7 Genetic Factors in EEG, Sleep, and Evoked Potentials.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Electroencephalogram—Resting and Response Measures.- 2.1. Visual Observations of Twin EEG.- 2.2. Alpha Waves.- 2.3. Alpha Blocking.- 2.4. Beta Waves.- 2.5. Complete Power Spectra.- 3. Sleep.- 3.1. Normal Sleep.- 3.2. Narcolepsy.- 4. Evoked Potentials.- 4.1. Waveform Similarity.- 4.2. EP Latency.- 4.3. EP Amplitude.- 4.4. Response to Stimulus Parameters.- 4.5. EP Asymmetry in Twins.- 5. Anatomic Features and Electrophysiology.- 6. Electrophysiology, Genetics, and Consciousness.- References.- 8 The Waking Stream of Consciousness.- 1. William James: Characteristics of Consciousness.- 2. The Variety of Conscious Experience.- 3. A Basic Model.- 3.1. The Mind as Activity.- 3.2. Sensory Input.- 3.3. A Continuum of Consciousness.- 3.4. Attention: The Ability to Screen and Select.- 3.5. A Bias Favoring Sensory Input.- 3.6. Predictable, Dull, or Barren Environments: An Opportunity for Private Processing.- 3.7. The Matching Function.- 3.8. The Affects.- 3.9. Current Concerns, Unfinished Business, and Unresolved Stress.- 3.10. Sets toward Internal or External Processing.- 3.11. Structural Characteristics of the Stimuli.- 4. The Activities of Mind and Body.- 5. The Stream of Consciousness and Brain Activity.- 6. Fantasy, Emotion, and Visual Imagination.- References.- 9 The Emergence of Emotions and the Development of Consciousness in Infancy.- 1. Biological Processes, Emotions, and Consciousness.- 1.1. Infant Consciousness as Affective Experiences.- 1.2. Affect-Perception-Cognition Relations and Levels of Consciousness.- 2. The Emergence of Emotions and Changes in Consciousness.- 2.1. Sensory-Affective Processes: Consciousness Level I.- 2.2. Affective-Perceptual Processes: Consciousness Level II.- 2.3. Affective-Cognitive Processes: Consciousness Level III.- 3. Summary.- References.- 10 A Systems Approach to Consciousness.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Some Generalities about the Systems Approach.- 3. A Particular System Model.- 3.1. Control Theory and Stabilized Consequences.- 3.2. Control Theory and Causation.- 3.3. Control Theory and Purpose.- 3.4. Control Theory and Volition.- 3.5. Ultimate Purposes.- 4. Consciousness.- 4.1. Causative Factors in the Brain.- 4.2. Ultimate Causes.- 4.3. The Nature of Consciousness: Point of View.- 5. Conclusions.- References.- 11 A Systems Approach to Altered States of Consciousness.- 1. Introduction.- 2. Constructed Nature of Ordinary Consciousness.- 3. States of Consciousness.- 4. Mapping Experience.- 5. Discrete States of Consciousness.- 6. Individual Differences.- 7. Major Subsystems of Consciousness.- 8. Stabilization of Discrete States.- 9. Induction of a Discrete Altered State.- 10. Methodological Consequences of the Systems Approach.- References.- 12 The Psychobiology of Sexual Experience.- 1. Introduction.- 1.1. The Evolutionary Background: Animal Sexual Behavior.- 1.2. From Animal Behavior to Human Sexuality.- 2. Physiology, Sensations, and Concepts of Sexuality.- 2.1. The Physiology of Sexual Arousal.- 2.2. Sexual Dualism.- 2.3. From Sexual Sensations to Sensational Sex.- 3. Orgasm as an Altered State of Consciousness (ASC).- 3.1. Psychological Phenomena.- 3.2. Physiological Phenomena.- 3.3. Psychophysiological Relationships.- 4. Sex Differences and the Role of Hormones.- 4.1. Physiological Differences.- 4.2. Psychological Differences and Psychophysiological Correlation.- 4.3. The Role of Sex Hormones.- 5. Summary.- References.- 13 The Psychophysiological Model of Meditation and Altered States of Consciousness: A Critical Review.- 1. The Meditative ASC.- 2. EEG Changes during Meditation.- 3. Oculomotor Processes and EEG.- 4. Meditation and Arousal.- 5. Specificity of the Meditative ASC.- 6. EEG, Arousal, and Sleep.- 7. Meditation and Attention.- 8. Meditation and Trance.- 9. Meditation and Brain-Wave Biofeedback.- 10. The Psychophysiological Principle.- 11. Meditation and the Psychophysiological Model.- References.- 14 Toward a Psychobiology of Transcendence: God in the Brain.- 1. An Argument for Implicit Knowledge in the Brain Sciences.- 2. The Pharmacological Bridge and the Modulation of Arousal and Fear.- 3. The Pharmacological Bridge and the Modulation of Rage.- 4. Neurobiological Transcendence: High-Dose Amphetamine, Cocaine, and the Hallucinogens.- 5. Neurobiological Antagonism of Amphetamine, Cocaine, the Hallucinogens, and Naturally Occurring Transient Hypomanic States by Lithium’s Effect on Serotonin Biosynthesis.- 6. Kindling of Temporal Lobe Limbic Structures: Raphe and Hippocampal Pyramidal Cells as Double Gates to Transcendence.- 7. Bipolar Affect Disorder, the Temporal Lobes, and Transcendent Consciousness.- 8. Syndromes of Temporal Lobe Disinhibition.- 9. The Activated Sleep Syndrome, the Drive-Arrest-Release Sequence in Biogenic Amine Neurons, and the Psychopharmacology of the Bipolar Affect Disorders.- 10. Religious Ecstasy and Conversion.- References.- 15 Prospects for the Scientific Observer of Perceptual Consciousness.- 1. Introduction.- 2. The Scientific Observer and the Problem of Mind and Matter: A Phenomenological Argument.- 3. The Scientific Observer and the Problem of Mind and Brain: An Abstract Argument.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. Intentionality and the Abstract Observer.- 3.3. The Mind-Brain Problem.- 4. Conclusion.- References.
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