Lightning - Brossura

Uman, Martin A.

Brossura

ISBN 10: 0486645754 ISBN 13: 9780486645759

Casa editrice: Dover Pubns, 2003

Riassunto

Awesome to any beholder, lightning has been a subject of intense interest to scientists curious about its exact physical nature. There was a dearth of comprehensive scientific literature on the subject until the publication of this volume. Geared toward advanced undergraduates in physics or engineering, it features remarkable clarity and a minimum of mathematical notation, making it accessible to nonspecialists and useful as a teaching resource or for self-study.
Dr. Uman, whose own work has contributed greatly to understanding the physics of lightning, presents a general introduction to lightning phenomena and terminology, lightning photography, electrical and magnetic field measurements, and current measurements. Additional topics include lightning spectroscopy and thunder, a wealth of new and detailed analyses of the latest data, and reviews of theories regarding the discharge process from the special vantage point of a scientist well-versed in plasma physics. Five appendices bring recent research up to date, covering such phenomena as bead and ball lightning and reviewing experimental data and modeling. This authoritative exposition of the many physical phenomena associated with lightning is the only inexpensive single-volume presentation on the subject.

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Contenuti:

Chapter 1 Introduction to Lightning 1.1 Lightning and Thunderclouds 1.2 The Stepped Leader 1.3 The Return Stroke 1.4 The Dart Leader 1.5 More on Strokes and Flashes 1.6 Intracloud Discharges 1.7 Strokes Bringing Positive Charge to Earth 1.8 Strokes with Upward-developing Leaders 1.9 Other Lightning Forms References Chapter 2 Lightning Photography 2.1 Early Studies 2.2 The Boys Camera 2.3 The South African Work 2.3.1 Introduction 2.3.2 The stepped leader 2.3.3 Dart and dart-stepped leaders 2.3.4 First return strokes 2.3.5 Subsequent return strokes 2.3.6 Branch components and M components 2.3.7 Miscellaneous 2.4 Lightning Photography in the United States 2.4.1 Introduction 2.4.2 The Empire State Building study 2.4.3 The Pittsfield study 2.5 Recent Studies 2.5.1 Introduction 2.5.2 Lightning photography in Arizona 2.5.3 Lightning photography in New Mexico 2.5.4 Lightning photography in Switzerland References Chapter 3 Electric and Magnetic Field Measurements 3.1 Introduction 3.2 Electrostatics 3.3 Magnetostatics 3.4 Electromagnetlcs 3.5 Field-measuring Apparatus 3.5.1 Electronic measurement of electric field intensity 3.5.2 The field mill or electrostatic fluxmeter 3.5.3 Miscellaneous electric field measuring techniques 3.5.4 Magnetic field measurements 3.6 Early Electrostatic Field Measurements: The Electric-dipole Cloud Model 3.7 The Electrostatic Field Change Due to Cloud-to-Ground Lightning 3.7.1 Introduction 3.7.2 The stepped leader 3.7.3 The dart leader 3.7.4 The return stroke 3.7.5 Processes occurring between strokes 3.7.6 Discharges lowering positive charge to earth 3.8 The Electrostatic Field Change Due to Cloud Discharges 3.9 The Magnetostatic Fields of Lightning 3.10 The Radiation Fields of Lightning References Chapter 4 Current Measurements 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Measurement Techniques 4.2.1 Instruments using Lichtenberg figures 4.2.2 Instruments using magnetizable materials 4.2.3 The noninductive shunt and oscilloscope 4.2.4 The loop antenna and oscilloscope 4.2.5 Miscellaneous measurement techniques 4.3 Current in Cloud-to-ground Lightning Discharges 4.4 Discharges Initiated by Upward-moving Leaders. 4.5 Other Current Measurements References Chapter 5 Lightning Spectroscopy 5.1 Early History 5.2 Experimental Techniques 5.2.1 The slit spectrometer 5.2.2 The slitless spectrometer 5.2.3 Quantitative spectroscopic measurements from photographic film 5.2.4 Spectroscopy utilizing photoelectric detectors 5.3 Theory 5.4 Lightning Spectroscopy: 1940-1960 5.5 Lightning Spectroscopy after 1960 5.5.1 General 5.5.2 Return-stroke properties References Chapter 6 Thunder 6.1 Early History 6.2 The Experimental Data 6.3 Ideas and Theories 6.3.1 The shock wave 6.3.2 The sound wave References Chapter 7 Theory: The Discharge Processes 7.1 Introduction 7.2 Discharge Mechanisms 7.2.1 Introduction 7.2.2 Discharge phenomena in the absence of appreciable space charge 7.2.3 Discharge phenomena in the presence of space charge 7.3 Some Rough Calculations 7.3.1 Some electrostatic relations 7.3.2 Cloud-charge dimensions and leader radius 7.3.3 The cloud-to-ground potential difference and energy available for lightning 7.4 Stepped-leader Theories 7.4.1 The experimental data 7.4.2 The two original theories of the stepped leader 7.4.3 Other stepped-leader theories 7.4.4 Stepped-leader initiation 7.5 Dart-leader Theories 7.6 Return-stroke Theories 7.7 The Lightning Channel between Strokes References Appendix A Some Suggestions for Future Lightning Research Appendix B Bead Lightning Appendix C Ball Lightning Appendix D Recent Developments Appendix E Review of Natural Lightning: Experimental Data and Modeling Name Index Subject Index

Product Description:

Complete and comprehensive, this text for advanced undergraduates in physics and engineering features exceptional clarity and minimum of mathematic notation. The expert and up-to-date treatment covers lightning phenomena and terminology, lightning photography, lightning spectroscopy, electrical and magnetic field measurements and current measurements, and more. Five appendixes. 140 figures and tables.

Su questa edizione

• Editore: Dover Pubns
• Data di pubblicazione: 2003
• ISBN 10: 0486645754
• ISBN 13: 9780486645759
• Rilegatura: Copertina flessibile
• Numero di pagine: 320