SECTION 1. THE PERIPHERAL SMEAR Evaluation of Red Cells: Normal
- Abnormalities of red cell size and hemoglobin content
- Abnormalities of red cell shape
- Red cell inclusions
- Abnormalities of red cell aggregation
- Immature red cells
Evaluation of White Cells: Normal neutrophils
- Abnormal nuclei in neutrophils
- Abnormalities of neutrophil granules
- Cytoplasmic inclusions in neutrophils
- Immature neutrophils and red cells: leukoerythroblastosis
- Other granulocytes
- Macrophages
- Lymphocytes
- Plasma cells
- Abnormal mononuclear cells
- Cytoplasmic inclusions in mononuclear cells
Evaluation of Platelets
Artefacts
SECTION 2. BONE MARROW ASPIRATE Examination of the bone marrow aspirate
Assessment of the aspirate
Iron in the bone marrow
Erythropoiesis: Abnormalities in red cell maturation
Granulopoiesis: Abnormalities in white cell maturation
Thrombopoiesis: Abnormalities in platelet maturation
Other cells in the bone marrow aspirate
Abnormalities in cell type or number
SECTION 3. BONE MARROW BIOPSY Examination of bone marrow biopsy sections
SECTION 4. SPECIFIC DISORDERS Anemias: Microcytic anemias
- Macrocytic anemias
- Anemia with dimorphism
- Hemolytic anemias
- Hypoproliferative anemias
Stem cell disorders: Aplastic anemia
- Myeloproliferative disorders
- Myelodysplastic syndromes
- White cell disorders
- Leukemias: Acute myelocytic leukemias
- Chronic lymphocytic leukemias
- Acute lymphocytic leukemias
- Other leukemias
- Lymphomas
- Plasma cell disorders
Platelet disorders
Infections: Bacteria
- Viruses
- Fungi
- Protozoa
- Filaria
Miscellaneous disorders: Metastatic cancer
- Storage diseases
- Sarcoidosis
- Findings following splenectomy
- Mastocytosis