Articoli correlati a Orthopaedic Bone Cements
With an increasing number of bone cements available, it is vital that the correct material is selected for specific clinical procedures. A review of the most recent research in this field, this book covers such topics as hip replacements, verteboplasty and wear particles and osteolysis. It reviews materials and types of cement such as acrylic, polymethylmethacrylate and calcium phosphate cements and address the mechanical properties of bone cements such as fracture toughness and dynamic creep. The book closes with an examination of methods to enhance the properties of bone cements such as antibiotic loaded bone cements and bioactive cements.
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Contenuti:
PART 1. BONE CEMENTS IN MEDICINE
Bone Disease, M Phillips and K Joshi, King’s College London, UK
Bone disease
Osteoporosis
Osteomalacia and rickets
Paget’s disease (osteitis deformans)
Malignancy
Hyperparathyroidism
Osteomyelitis
Prosthesis related infection
Current state of the use of bone cement in the UK
Other potentially useful applications of cements in bone
Summary
Acknowledgement
References
Hip Replacements, B M Wroblewski, The John Charnley Research Institute, UK
Introduction
General principles
Bone cements
Fixation of components with cement
Long term results
Long-term problems
Future trends
References
Knee Replacements, H Pandit and B van Duren, Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, UK
Relevant anatomy of the knee joint
Conditions causing knee arthritis
Clinical and radiological assessment of an arthritic knee
Treatment options for osteoarthritis
Indicators for total knee replacements (TKR)
Evolution of knee replacements
Implant design rationales
The cemented total knee replacement
Future trends
References
Vertebroplasty and Kyphoplasty, J Yeh, Queen Mary University of London, UK
Introduction
Vertebral compression fractures
Kyphoplasty and vertebroplasty
Clinical outcomes
Clinical experiences with injectable bone cements
Future trends
References
Antibiotic Impregnated Polymethyl Methacrylate (PMMA) Spacers in Hip Surgery, K Anagnostakos and J Kelm, Universitätsklinikum des Saarlandes, Germany
Introduction
Construction of hip spacers
Diagnosis of infection
Consistence and function of antibiotic-loaded hip spacers
Mechanical stability and behaviour of hip spacers
Pathogen organisms
Antibiotic choice
Antibiotic elution
Clinical experience
Girdlestone or spacer?
New techniques
Conclusions
References
Commercial Aspects and Delivery Systems of Bone Cements, R Kowalski and R Schmaehling, DePuy CMW, UK
Introduction
Commercial aspects: cemented versus cementless fixation
Mixing and delivery systems of bone cements
Regulatory aspects
Future trends
Conclusions
References
Wear Particles and Osteolysis, S Goodman and N Patil, Stanford Medical Center, USA
Introduction
Cellular cascade and mediators of osteolysis
Morphology and bioreactivity of wear debris
Osteolysis
Cement debris
Polyethylene wear debris
Metallic wear debris
Ceramic wear debris
Future trends
References
PART 2. MATERIALS
Acrylic Bone Cement: Genesis and Evolution, S Deb, King’s College London, UKIntroduction
Hip and knee joint
Acrylic bone cement
Regulatory perspectives
Sterilization of bone cements
Fluoride and other additives in bone cements
Other applications of acrylic bone cement
Conclusions
References
Polymethylmethacrylate Bone Cement: Chemical Composition and Chemistry, B Vázquez Lasa, CSIC CIBER-BBN, Spain
Introduction
Chemical composition
Setting process
Polymerization reaction and kinetics
Free radical studies on acrylic bone cements
Curing parameters: standards
Rheology of acrylic bone cements
Low molecular weight residuals after curing
Future trends
References
Calcium Phosphate Bone Cements, M P Ginebra, Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), Spain
Introduction
Historical overview: calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) versus acrylic cements
Chemistry of calcium phosphate cements
Basic properties of calcium phosphate cements
Applications of calcium phosphate cements: present and future perspectives
.References
PART 3. PROPERTIES OF BONE CEMENT
Mechanical Properties of Bone Cements, N Dunne, Queen’s University Belfast, UK
Introduction
Nature and structure of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) bone cement
Test standard
Mechanical properties: short-term strength of polymethyl methacrylate bone cement
Factors affecting microstructure-mechanical properties relationship
Modification of acrylic bone cements
Summary
References
Fracture Toughness and Fatigue Characteristics of Bone Cements, A Lennon, Trinity College Dublin, Ireland
Introduction
Factors affecting fracture toughness and fatigue resistance of bone cement
The effect of loading mode on fracture and fatigue
The effect of porosity on fracture and fatigue
The effect of inclusions on fracture and fatigue
The effect of cement chemistry on fracture and fatigue
Bone cement failure in joint replacements
Failure at interfaces
Residual stress and the initiation of damage
Viscoelasticity, creep, and creep-fatigue interaction
Fracture and fatigue properties
References
Dynamic Mechanical Properties of Bone Cements, S N Nazhat, McGill University, Canada and J V Cauich Rodríguez, Centro de investigación Cientifica De Yucatan AC, Mexico
A brief introduction to viscoelasticity in polymers
Regions of viscoelasticity
Theory of dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA)
Material properties measured through dynamic mechanical analysis
Applications of dynamic mechanical analysis in the characterisation of polymeric biomaterials
Applications of dynamic mechanical analysis in the characterisation of bone cements
Future trends
Conclusions
References
PART 4. ENHANCING THE PROPERTIES OF BONE CEMENTS
Antibiotic Loaded Bone Cement, S Deb and G Koller, King’s College London, UK
Introduction
Demands on acrylic bone cement systems
Antibiotic loaded bone cements
The effect of antibiotics on the mechanical properties of the bone cement
Release of antibiotics from bone cements
Other additives in bone cement
Conclusions
References.
Modifications of Bone Cements, J San Roman, B Vázquez Lasa, M R Aguilar and L Boesel, CSIC CIBER-BBN, Spain
Introduction
Modulation of the hydrophilic/hydrophobic character of bone cements and the consequences on the properties and behaviour of formulations
Control of the flexibility or stiffness of acrylic cement formulations
Modification of formulations with bioactive and functionalised components with pharmacological activity
Improvement and modulation of the radiopaque character
New biohybrid composites for bone and cartilage regeneration
Future directions in the design and development of cements with specific properties
References
Design of Bioactive Bone Cement Based On Organic-Inorganic Hybrids, T Miyazaki, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Japan and C Ohtsuki, Nagoya University, Japan
The need for bioactive bone cement
How materials exhibit bioactivity?
Design of bioactive bone cements using bioactive ceramics
Bioactive organic-inorganic hybrids
Design of bioactive bone cement based on organic-inorganic hybrids
Conclusions
References
Clinical Aspects of Calcium Phosphate Bone Cements, S Larsson, Uppsala University Hospital, Sweden
Introduction
Material characteristics
Surgical technique
Complications during surgery
Clinical applications
Future trends
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