Elihu Root was an American lawyer and statesman and the 1912 recipient of the Nobel Peace Prize. Root practiced law and was appointed U. S. Attorney for the Southern District of New York. Root served as the United States Secretary of War (1899-1904) under McKinley and Theodore Roosevelt. In 1905 Root became Secretary of State. Root states in the introduction, "The people of the United States appear now to have entered upon such a period of re-examination of their system of government. Not only are political parties denouncing old abuses and demanding new laws, but essential principles embodied in the Federal Constitution of 1787, and long followed in the constitutions of all the states, are questioned and denied. The wisdom of the founders of the Republic is disputed and the political ideas which they repudiated are urged for approval." Root lectures on existing institutions and whether they can adequately protect and develop the existing social order.
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