Articoli correlati a Bone Densitometry for Technologists
In Bone Densitometry for Technologists, leading densitometry experts Sydney Lou Bonnick, MD, FACP, and Lori Ann Lewis, MRT, CDT, review in simple language all the essentials of densitometry to help practicing radiologic technologists, nurse practitioners, and physician assistants expertly operate any of today's sophisticated densitometry machines. Topics range from technical descriptions of all FDA-approved densitometry devices to a clinical review of osteoporosis, and include comprehensive tutorials on computer basics, anatomy for densitometrists, the art of interpreting test results, and performing successful precision studies-all crafted to meet the daily needs of the practicing densitometrist. Comprehensive, informative, and highly practical, Bone Densitometry for Technologists is the technologist's "bible" of densitometry.
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Recensione:
"Although the text is American based, Bone Densitometry for Technologists would be useful for Canadian technologists certifying in the field of bone densitometry or for those interested in learning more about a related medical radiation technology modality. It would also be an excellent reference text for libraries and medical radiation technology education programs." -The Canadian Journal of Medical Radiation Technology
Contenuti:
Chapter 1. An Introduction to Conventions in Densitometry
Densitometry as a Quantitative Measurement Technique
Accuracy and Precision
The Skeleton in Densitometry
Weight Bearing or Non-Weight Bearing Sites
Axial or Appendicular Sites
Central or Peripheral Sites
Cortical or Trabecular Sites
What Do the Machines Actually Measure?
The Densitometry Printout
The Percentage Comparisons
The Standard Score Comparisons
The Age-Regression Graph
The Standardized BMD
The NHANES III Database for the Proximal Femur
References
Chapter 2. Densitometry Techniques
Plain Radiography in the Assessment of Bone Density
Qualitative Morphometry
Qualitative Spinal Morphometry
The Singh Index
Quantitative Morphometric Techniques
Calcar Femorale Thickness
Radiogrammetry
The Radiologic Osteoporosis Score
Radiographic Photodensitometry
Radiographic Absorptiometry
Photon Absorptiometry Techniques
Single Photon Absorptiometry
Dual Photon Absorptiometry
Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
Peripheral DXA
Single-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
Quantitative Computed Tomography
Peripheral QCT
Quantitative Ultrasound Bone Densitometry
References
Chapter 3. Skeletal Anatomy in Densitometry
The Spine in Densitometry
Vertebral Anatomy
Artifacts in PA or AP Spine Densitometry
Vertebral Fractures
Effects of Osteophytes on BMD
Effects of Aortic Calcification on BMD
Effects of Facet Sclerosis on BMD
Other Causes of Artifacts in PA and AP Lumbar Spine Studies
The Spine in the Lateral Projection
The Proximal Femur in Densitometry
Proximal Femur Anatomy
Effects of Rotation on BMD in the Proximal Femur
Effects of Leg Dominance on BMD in the Proximal Femur
Effects of Scoliosis, Osteoarthritis, Osteophytes, Surgery, and Fracture on BMD in the Proximal Femur The Forearm in Densitometry
Nomenclature
Effects of Arm Dominance on Forearm BMD
Effects of Artifacts on BMD in the Forearm
The Metacarpals, Phalanges, and Calcaneus
References
Chapter 4. Densitometry Devices Approved by the Food and Drug Administration
Computer-Enhanced Radiogrammetry
Computer-Enhanced Radiographic Absorptiometry
Central X-ray Densitometers
Peripheral X-ray Densitometers
Ultrasound Bone Densitometers
Chapter 5. Computer Basics
Types of Computers
Desktops, Towers, Minitowers, and Laptops
PCs and Macs
Major Components of a Computer System
Important Components Inside the Computer Housing
Motherboard, Random Access Memory, and Slots
The CPU
The Hard Drive
Internal Disk Drives
Input Devices
The Keyboard
The Mouse
The Trackball
Output Devices
Monitors
Printers
Computer Ports
Keyboard and Mouse Ports
Parallel Ports
Serial Ports
Universal Serial Bus Ports
Power, Monitor, Modem, and Network Ports
Types of Storage Media
Magnetic Media
Tape Media
Optical Media
Protecting the Data
Computer Maintenance
Chapter 6. Precision in Bone Densitometry
Performing a Precision Study
Short-Term Precision Studies
Long-Term Precision Studies
Determination of Least Significant Change
When Should a Measurement Be Repeated in Clinical Practice?
Which Skeletal Site Should Be Used to Monitor Changes in Bone Density?
Is the Measured Change the Actual Change in BMD?
Case Study in Precision
Importance of Precision
References
Chapter 7. Radiation Safety in X-Ray Densitometry
Basics of Radiation
Quantities of Radiation
The Curie
The Roentgen
The Rad
The Rem
The Effective Dose Equivalent
Harmful Effects of Ionizing Radiation
Acute Lethal Radiation Syndromes Local Tissue Damage from Radiation
Skin
Ovaries and Testes
Bone Marrow and Blood
Late Effects of Ionizing Radiation
Radiation Doses in Densitometry
Radiation Protection Programs
Protection of the Public
Protection of the Patient
Protection of the Technologist
Time, Distance, and Shielding
Personnel-Monitoring Devices
The Pregnant Technologist
References
Chapter 8. Quality Control Procedures
Phantoms
Using the Phantom to Create Control Tables and Charts
Methods for Tracking Machine Performance
Shewhart Rules
CUSUM Charts
Automated Quality Control Procedures
References
Chapter 9. An Overview of Osteoporosis
Definition of Osteoporosis
The 1991 and 1993 Consensus Development Conferences
The 1994 World Health Organization Criteria for Diagnosis of Osteoporosis
Prevalence of Osteoporosis
Consequences of Osteoporosis
Risk Factors for Osteoporosis
Attainment of Peak Bone Density
Maintenance of Bone Density
The National Osteoporosis Foundation Guidelines for Bone Mass Measurements
The 1997 Bone Mass Measurement Act
The National Osteoporosis Foundation Guidelines for Treatment Based on BMD Testing
Interventions in Osteoporosis
Nonprescription Interventions
Lifestyle Modifications
Calcium
Vitamin D, and Exercise
Prescription Interventions
Estrogen Replacement
The Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator Raloxifene
Synthetic Salmon Calcitonin
Bisphosphonates
Patient Education Materials
References
Chapter 10. Interpretation of Bone Densitometry Data
The Results
The Skeletal Image
Measured and Calculated Bone Density Parameters
Comparisons to the Reference Database
Standardized BMD
Age-Regression Graph
Assignment of Diagnostic Category Based on WHO Criteria
Conflicting Diagnoses from Measurement of Multiple Sites
Report Review
References
Appendix I. Contacts for Bone Densitometry Manufacturers and Organizations of Interest
Appendix II. World Health Organization Criteria for the Diagnosis of Osteoporosis Based on Measurement of Bone Density
Appendix III. National Osteoporosis Foundation Guidelines for Bone Density Measurements
Appendix IV. Bone Mass Measurement Act of 1997
Appendix V. CPT Codes for Bone Densitometry
Appendix VI. DXA PA Spine Labeling Guidelines
Appendix VII. Conversion Formulas
Appendix VIII: Recommended Procedures for Short-Term Precision Studies
Appendix IX. Least Significant Change
Appendix X. Quality Control Shewhart Rules. Appendix XI. Glossary of Computer Terms. Appendix XII. Review Questions
Appendix XIII. Review Question Answer Sheet and Instructions for Obtaining Continuing Education Credit
Densitometry as a Quantitative Measurement Technique
Accuracy and Precision
The Skeleton in Densitometry
Weight Bearing or Non-Weight Bearing Sites
Axial or Appendicular Sites
Central or Peripheral Sites
Cortical or Trabecular Sites
What Do the Machines Actually Measure?
The Densitometry Printout
The Percentage Comparisons
The Standard Score Comparisons
The Age-Regression Graph
The Standardized BMD
The NHANES III Database for the Proximal Femur
References
Chapter 2. Densitometry Techniques
Plain Radiography in the Assessment of Bone Density
Qualitative Morphometry
Qualitative Spinal Morphometry
The Singh Index
Quantitative Morphometric Techniques
Calcar Femorale Thickness
Radiogrammetry
The Radiologic Osteoporosis Score
Radiographic Photodensitometry
Radiographic Absorptiometry
Photon Absorptiometry Techniques
Single Photon Absorptiometry
Dual Photon Absorptiometry
Dual-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
Peripheral DXA
Single-Energy X-ray Absorptiometry
Quantitative Computed Tomography
Peripheral QCT
Quantitative Ultrasound Bone Densitometry
References
Chapter 3. Skeletal Anatomy in Densitometry
The Spine in Densitometry
Vertebral Anatomy
Artifacts in PA or AP Spine Densitometry
Vertebral Fractures
Effects of Osteophytes on BMD
Effects of Aortic Calcification on BMD
Effects of Facet Sclerosis on BMD
Other Causes of Artifacts in PA and AP Lumbar Spine Studies
The Spine in the Lateral Projection
The Proximal Femur in Densitometry
Proximal Femur Anatomy
Effects of Rotation on BMD in the Proximal Femur
Effects of Leg Dominance on BMD in the Proximal Femur
Effects of Scoliosis, Osteoarthritis, Osteophytes, Surgery, and Fracture on BMD in the Proximal Femur The Forearm in Densitometry
Nomenclature
Effects of Arm Dominance on Forearm BMD
Effects of Artifacts on BMD in the Forearm
The Metacarpals, Phalanges, and Calcaneus
References
Chapter 4. Densitometry Devices Approved by the Food and Drug Administration
Computer-Enhanced Radiogrammetry
Computer-Enhanced Radiographic Absorptiometry
Central X-ray Densitometers
Peripheral X-ray Densitometers
Ultrasound Bone Densitometers
Chapter 5. Computer Basics
Types of Computers
Desktops, Towers, Minitowers, and Laptops
PCs and Macs
Major Components of a Computer System
Important Components Inside the Computer Housing
Motherboard, Random Access Memory, and Slots
The CPU
The Hard Drive
Internal Disk Drives
Input Devices
The Keyboard
The Mouse
The Trackball
Output Devices
Monitors
Printers
Computer Ports
Keyboard and Mouse Ports
Parallel Ports
Serial Ports
Universal Serial Bus Ports
Power, Monitor, Modem, and Network Ports
Types of Storage Media
Magnetic Media
Tape Media
Optical Media
Protecting the Data
Computer Maintenance
Chapter 6. Precision in Bone Densitometry
Performing a Precision Study
Short-Term Precision Studies
Long-Term Precision Studies
Determination of Least Significant Change
When Should a Measurement Be Repeated in Clinical Practice?
Which Skeletal Site Should Be Used to Monitor Changes in Bone Density?
Is the Measured Change the Actual Change in BMD?
Case Study in Precision
Importance of Precision
References
Chapter 7. Radiation Safety in X-Ray Densitometry
Basics of Radiation
Quantities of Radiation
The Curie
The Roentgen
The Rad
The Rem
The Effective Dose Equivalent
Harmful Effects of Ionizing Radiation
Acute Lethal Radiation Syndromes Local Tissue Damage from Radiation
Skin
Ovaries and Testes
Bone Marrow and Blood
Late Effects of Ionizing Radiation
Radiation Doses in Densitometry
Radiation Protection Programs
Protection of the Public
Protection of the Patient
Protection of the Technologist
Time, Distance, and Shielding
Personnel-Monitoring Devices
The Pregnant Technologist
References
Chapter 8. Quality Control Procedures
Phantoms
Using the Phantom to Create Control Tables and Charts
Methods for Tracking Machine Performance
Shewhart Rules
CUSUM Charts
Automated Quality Control Procedures
References
Chapter 9. An Overview of Osteoporosis
Definition of Osteoporosis
The 1991 and 1993 Consensus Development Conferences
The 1994 World Health Organization Criteria for Diagnosis of Osteoporosis
Prevalence of Osteoporosis
Consequences of Osteoporosis
Risk Factors for Osteoporosis
Attainment of Peak Bone Density
Maintenance of Bone Density
The National Osteoporosis Foundation Guidelines for Bone Mass Measurements
The 1997 Bone Mass Measurement Act
The National Osteoporosis Foundation Guidelines for Treatment Based on BMD Testing
Interventions in Osteoporosis
Nonprescription Interventions
Lifestyle Modifications
Calcium
Vitamin D, and Exercise
Prescription Interventions
Estrogen Replacement
The Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulator Raloxifene
Synthetic Salmon Calcitonin
Bisphosphonates
Patient Education Materials
References
Chapter 10. Interpretation of Bone Densitometry Data
The Results
The Skeletal Image
Measured and Calculated Bone Density Parameters
Comparisons to the Reference Database
Standardized BMD
Age-Regression Graph
Assignment of Diagnostic Category Based on WHO Criteria
Conflicting Diagnoses from Measurement of Multiple Sites
Report Review
References
Appendix I. Contacts for Bone Densitometry Manufacturers and Organizations of Interest
Appendix II. World Health Organization Criteria for the Diagnosis of Osteoporosis Based on Measurement of Bone Density
Appendix III. National Osteoporosis Foundation Guidelines for Bone Density Measurements
Appendix IV. Bone Mass Measurement Act of 1997
Appendix V. CPT Codes for Bone Densitometry
Appendix VI. DXA PA Spine Labeling Guidelines
Appendix VII. Conversion Formulas
Appendix VIII: Recommended Procedures for Short-Term Precision Studies
Appendix IX. Least Significant Change
Appendix X. Quality Control Shewhart Rules. Appendix XI. Glossary of Computer Terms. Appendix XII. Review Questions
Appendix XIII. Review Question Answer Sheet and Instructions for Obtaining Continuing Education Credit
Le informazioni nella sezione "Su questo libro" possono far riferimento a edizioni diverse di questo titolo.
- EditoreHumana Pr Inc
- Data di pubblicazione2013
- ISBN 10 1617373095
- ISBN 13 9781617373091
- RilegaturaCopertina flessibile
- Numero di pagine344
- Valutazione libreria
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