The problems of Britain's inner cities loom larger in political debate. Issues such as declining jobs, deteriorating housing conditions, poverty, crime and diminishing service provision, have affected all the major conurbations. In an effort to moderate these problems, governments since 1977 have introduced various urban initiatives, such as partnerships, enterprise zones, urban development corporations and task forces. These, and other programmes, are comprehensively evaluated in this completely revised Second Edition.
The book adopts a threefold structure. In Part One, inner city policy since 1977 is located in its historical context and in contemporary economic, social and demographic processes. In Part Two the major urban initiatives since 1977 are assessed. One chapter deals with the Labour government's approach to the problem in the late 1970s. The succeeding three chapters examine programmes introduced by Conservative governments elected since 1979. Two other chapters evaluate contributions made by local government and by nongovernmental organizations. In Part Three the author develops three elements: an overview of inner urban policy as a whole; a consideration of explanatory devices; and some suggestions for reform.
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PART ONE: INNER-URBAN POLICY: THE CONTEXT
The Origins of British Inner-Urban Policy
Why Were Urban Experiments Initiated?
The Major Urban Experiments
The Urban Experiments and Models of Deprivation
The Urban Context
The Political Environment
The Cities and Socio-Demographic Change
Urban Economic Change
The Urban Financial Context
Conclusions
PART TWO: BRITISH INNER-URBAN POLICY, 1977-9
The Labour Government and Inner-City Policy, 1977-9
The 1977 White Paper: Policy for the Inner Cities
The New Urban Programme
The Partnerships
The Glasgow Eastern Area Renewal (GEAR) Project
Industrial Improvement Areas
The Labour Government and Inner-City Policy, 1977-9
Conservative Inner-Urban Policy after 1979
The Search for Co-Ordination
Co-Ordination after 1979
City Action Teams and Task Forces
Other Co-Ordinating Projects
Co-Ordination in Inner-City Policy
Conservative Inner-Urban Policy after 1979
Liberalization and Enterprise Enterprise Zones
Freeports
Simplified Planning Zones
Liberalization and the Cities
Conservative Inner-Urban Policy after 1979
Urban Development
Urban Development Initiatives
Urban Development Corporations and Their Alternatives
Alternative Strategies towards Urban Regeneration
Inner-Urban Policy
The Role of Local Government
Local-Government Intervention
The Historical and Institutional Context
Local-Authority Economic Initiatives
Local Economic Development
Debates and Tensions
Local Economic Development
Non-Governmental Institutions and Inner-Urban Policy
Trade-Union Initiatives
Co-Operatives and Community Enterprise
Private-Sector Initiatives and Urban Regeneration
PART THREE: INNER-URBAN POLICY: EVALUATION, EXPLANATION AND REFORM
Inner-Urban Policy
Overview and Critique
Inner-Urban Policy
Organization, Structure and Operation
Inner-City Intervention
Policy Outcomes
Inner-Urban Policy
Towards an Explanation
Policy Analysis and Inner-Urban Policy
Ideology and Inner-Urban Policy
Inner-City Policy
Towards Reform
Urban Policy
A New Direction
Institutional Change and Urban Policy
Ideology, Politics and Urban Policy
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