Global Positioning System: Theory And Practice - Brossura

B., . Hofmann-Wellenhof

Brossura

ISBN 10: 3211835342 ISBN 13: 9783211835340

Casa editrice: Springer, 2013

Riassunto

This new edition adds the most recent advances in GPS technology, although the overall structure essentially conforms to the former editions. The textbook explains in a comprehensive manner the concepts of GPS as well as the latest applications in surveying and navigation. Description of project planning, observation, and data processing is provided for novice GPS users. Special emphasis is placed on the modernization of GPS, covering the new signal structure and improvements in the space and control segment. Furthermore, the augmentation of GPS by satellite-based and ground-based systems leading to future Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) is discussed.

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Recensione

"... Although developed as a classroom text, the book is also useful as a reference source for professional surveyors and other GPS users. This because it covers both GPS fundamentals and leadingedge developments, thus giving it a wide appeal that will clearliy satisfy a broad range of GPS-philes ... The volume cogently presents the critical aspects and issues for users, along with the theory and details needed by students and developers alike. For those seriously entering the rapidly changing GPS field, this book is a good place to start.” GPS WORLD September "This is the fourth edition of the book, and the authors are to be congratulated on their efforts ... This book has now gained wide acceptance as a ‘serious’ book on GPS ... ” Navigation

Contenuti

1 Introduction.- 1.1 The origins of surveying.- 1.2 Development of global surveying techniques.- 1.2.1 Optical global triangulation.- 1.2.2 Electromagnetic global trilateration.- 1.3 History of the Global Positioning System.- 1.3.1 Navigating with GPS.- 1.3.2 Surveying with GPS.- 2 Overview of GPS.- 2.1 Basic concept.- 2.2 Space segment.- 2.2.1 Constellation.- 2.2.2 Satellites.- 2.2.3 Operational capabilities.- 2.2.4 Denial of accuracy and access.- 2.3 Control segment.- 2.3.1 Master control station.- 2.3.2 Monitor stations.- 2.3.3 Ground control stations.- 2.4 User segment.- 2.4.1 User categories.- 2.4.2 Receiver types.- 2.4.3 Information services.- 3 Reference systems.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Coordinate systems.- 3.2.1 Definitions.- 3.2.2 Transformations.- 3.3 Time systems.- 3.3.1 Definitions.- 3.3.2 Conversions.- 3.3.3 Calendar.- 4 Satellite orbits.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Orbit description.- 4.2.1 Keplerian motion.- 4.2.2 Perturbed motion.- 4.2.3 Disturbing accelerations.- 4.3 Orbit determination.- 4.3.1 Keplerian orbit.- 4.3.2 Perturbed orbit.- 4.4 Orbit dissemination.- 4.4.1 Tracking networks.- 4.4.2 Ephemerides.- 5 Satellite signal.- 5.1 Signal structure.- 5.1.1 Physical fundamentals.- 5.1.2 Components of the signal.- 5.2 Signal processing.- 5.2.1 Receiver design.- 5.2.2 Processing techniques.- 6 Observables.- 6.1 Data acquisition.- 6.1.1 Code pseudoranges.- 6.1.2 Phase pseudoranges.- 6.1.3 Doppler data.- 6.1.4 Biases and noise.- 6.2 Data combinations.- 6.2.1 Linear phase combinations.- 6.2.2 Code pseudorange smoothing.- 6.3 Atmospheric effects.- 6.3.1 Phase and group velocity.- 6.3.2 Ionospheric refraction.- 6.3.3 Tropospheric refraction.- 6.3.4 Atmospheric monitoring.- 6.4 Relativistic effects.- 6.4.1 Special relativity.- 6.4.2 General relativity.- 6.4.3 Relevant relativistic effects for GPS.- 6.5 Antenna phase center offset and variation.- 6.6 Multipath.- 6.6.1 General remarks.- 6.6.2 Mathematical model.- 6.6.3 Multipath reduction.- 7 Surveying with GPS.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.1.1 Terminology definitions.- 7.1.2 Observation techniques.- 7.1.3 Field equipment.- 7.2 Planning a GPS survey.- 7.2.1 General remarks.- 7.2.2 Presurvey planning.- 7.2.3 Field reconnaissance.- 7.2.4 Monumentation.- 7.2.5 Organizational design.- 7.3 Surveying procedure.- 7.3.1 Preobservation.- 7.3.2 Observation.- 7.3.3 Postobservation.- 7.3.4 Ties to control monuments.- 7.4 In situ data processing.- 7.4.1 Data transfer.- 7.4.2 Data processing.- 7.4.3 Trouble shooting and quality control.- 7.4.4 Datum transformations.- 7.4.5 Computation of plane coordinates.- 7.5 Survey report.- 8 Mathematical models for positioning.- 8.1 Point positioning.- 8.1.1 Point positioning with code ranges.- 8.1.2 Point positioning with carrier phases.- 8.1.3 Point positioning with Doppler data.- 8.2 Differential positioning.- 8.2.1 Basic concept.- 8.2.2 DGPS with code ranges.- 8.2.3 DGPS with phase ranges.- 8.3 Relative positioning.- 8.3.1 Phase differences.- 8.3.2 Correlations of the phase combinations.- 8.3.3 Static relative positioning.- 8.3.4 Kinematic relative positioning.- 8.3.5 Pseudokinematic relative positioning.- 9 Data processing.- 9.1 Data preprocessing.- 9.1.1 Data handling.- 9.1.2 Cycle slip detection and repair.- 9.2 Ambiguity resolution.- 9.2.1 General aspects.- 9.2.2 Basic approaches.- 9.2.3 Search techniques.- 9.2.4 Ambiguity validation.- 9.3 Adjustment, filtering, and smoothing.- 9.3.1 Least squares adjustment.- 9.3.2 Kalman filtering.- 9.3.3 Smoothing.- 9.4 Adjustment of mathematical GPS models.- 9.4.1 Linearization.- 9.4.2 Linear model for point positioning with code ranges.- 9.4.3 Linear model for point positioning with carrier phases.- 9.4.4 Linear model for relative positioning.- 9.5 Network adjustment.- 9.5.1 Single baseline solution.- 9.5.2 Multipoint solution.- 9.5.3 Single baseline versus multipoint solution.- 9.5.4 Least squares adjustment of baselines.- 9.6 Dilution of precision.- 9.7 Accuracy measures.- 9.7.1 Introduction.- 9.7.2 Chi-square distribution.- 9.7.3 Specifications.- 10 Transformation of GPS results.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Coordinate transformations.- 10.2.1 Cartesian coordinates and ellipsoidal coordinates.- 10.2.2 Global coordinates and local level coordinates.- 10.2.3 Ellipsoidal coordinates and plane coordinates.- 10.2.4 Height transformation.- 10.3 Datum transformations.- 10.3.1 Three-dimensional transformation.- 10.3.2 Two-dimensional transformation.- 10.3.3 One-dimensional transformation.- 10.4 Combining GPS and terrestrial data.- 10.4.1 Common coordinate system.- 10.4.2 Representation of measurement quantities.- 11 Software modules.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Planning.- 11.3 Data transfer.- 11.4 Data processing.- 11.5 Quality control.- 11.6 Network computations.- 11.7 Data base management.- 11.8 Utilities.- 11.9 Flexibility.- 12 Applications of GPS.- 12.1 General uses of GPS.- 12.1.1 Global uses.- 12.1.2 Regional uses.- 12.1.3 Local uses.- 12.2 Attitude determination.- 12.2.1 Theoretical considerations.- 12.2.2 Practical considerations.- 12.3 Airborne GPS for photo-control.- 12.4 Interoperability of GPS.- 12.4.1 GPS and Inertial Navigation Systems.- 12.4.2 GPS and GLONASS.- 12.4.3 GPS and other sensors.- 12.4.4 GPS and the Federal Radionavigation Plan.- 12.5 Installation of control networks.- 12.5.1 Passive control networks.- 12.5.2 Active control networks.- 13 Future of GPS.- 13.1 New application aspects.- 13.2 GPS modernization.- 13.2.1 Future GPS satellites.- 13.2.2 Augmented signal structure.- 13.3 GPS augmentation.- 13.3.1 Ground-based augmentation.- 13.3.2 Satellite-based augmentation.- 13.4 GNSS.- 13.4.1 GNSS development.- 13.4.2 GNSS/Loran-C integration.- 13.5 Hardware and software improvements.- 13.5.1 Hardware.- 13.5.2 Software.- 13.6 Conclusion.- References.

Dettagli dell?edizione

• Editore: Springer
• Data di pubblicazione: 2013
• ISBN 10: 3211835342
• ISBN 13: 9783211835340
• Rilegatura: Copertina flessibile
• Lingua: Inglese
• Numero di pagine: 412