We live in a digital world, where we use digital tools and smart devices to communicate over the Internet. In turn, an enormous amount of data gets generated. The traditional computing architectures are inefficient in storing and managing this massive amount of data. Unfortunately, the data cannot be ignored as it helps businesses to make better decisions, solve problems, understand performance, improve processes, and understand customers. Therefore, we need modern systems capable of handling and managing data efficiently. In the past few decades, many distributed computing paradigms have emerged, and we have noticed a substantial growth in the applications based on such emerging paradigms. Some well-known emerging computing paradigms include cloud computing, fog computing, and edge computing, which have leveraged the increase in the volume of data being generated every second. However, the distributed computing paradigms face critical challenges, including network management and cyber security. We have witnessed the development of various networking models―IoT, SDN, and ICN―to support modern systems requirements. However, they are undergoing rapid changes and need special attention. The main issue faced by these paradigms is that traditional solutions cannot be directly applied to address the challenges. Therefore, there is a significant need to develop improved network management and cyber security solutions. To this end, this book highlights the challenges faced by emerging paradigms and presents the recent developments made to address the challenges. More specifically, it presents a detailed study on security issues in distributed computing environments and their possible solutions, followed by applications of medical IoT, deep learning, IoV, healthcare, etc.