Social Deviance and Crime: An Organizational And Theoretical Approach - Brossura

Tittle, Charles R.

Brossura

ISBN 10: 0195329953 ISBN 13: 9780195329957

Casa editrice: Oxford University Press, 2000

Riassunto

Social Deviance and Crime unites two topics that are usually separated: the study of social deviance and the study of criminal behavior. Traditionally, the study of deviance introduces students to various types of deviance, giving the impression that these are distinct acts requiring equally distinct and unique explanations. The study of crime has followed virtually the same path. Criminology textbooks usually describe a series of criminal acts, one at a time, fostering the impression that these acts have only one thing in common―they are all violations of the criminal law. As a result, treatment of deviance and crime in most texts has proceeded along two different and parallel tracts, with little or no convergence.

In Social Deviance and Crime, Tittle and Paternoster contend that acts of social deviance and criminality share important conceptual ground: both are types of behaviors that are socially disapproved, and specific acts differ mainly in the degree to which they are disapproved. The authors argue that social disapproval is an important characteristic that links apparently diverse behaviors (religious and sexual deviance, organized crime, youth gangs, drug use, serial murder, etc.). This book differs significantly from other texts in the way it bridges deviance and crime within a single conceptual and explanatory framework.

Social Deviance and Crime's approach is also unique. Texts in criminology and deviance often adopt either an "interactionist/constructionist" or a "substantive" perspective. This book treats deviance as an integrated concept, differentiated chiefly by how well deviant/criminal enterprises are organized. The authors describe and analyze different types of deviant/criminal acts according to an ascending scale created by combining nine different features of organization. The text then explores theories and explanations about how deviance takes place, how it develops, and why it is maintained. Also included is a discussion of variations in the distribution/rate of deviant acts within society, and how theory can and cannot account for these known variations.

Tittle and Paternoster interweave conceptual and empirical material together, giving students an opportunity to understand the impact of theory on research. Every chapter features Deviance in Everyday Life boxes. Here, the authors provide vivid, real-world examples of deviance, deviance organization, and attempts by society to "do something about" deviance.

Su questo libro

Contenuti:

• 1. What Is Deviance?
• Conceptualizations of Deviance
• Absolutist Approach
• Legalistic Approach
• Reactive Approach
• Group Evaluation Approach
• A Synthetic Approach
• Legality and Deviance
• Applications Examples
• 2. Types Of Deviance
• Classification A
• Middle-Class
• Norm-Based
• Typology
• The Organization of Crime and Deviance
• The Organizational Continuum
• 3. Individualized Deviance
• Introduction
• Suicide
• What Is Suicide?
• How Much Suicide Is There?
• Characteristics of Suicide
• Serial Murder
• What Is Serial Murder?
• A Brief History of Serial Murder
• The Prevalence of Serial Killing
• Characteristics of Serial Killing
• 4. Subcultural Deviance
• Deviant Drug Use
• What Is Deviant Drug Use?
• A Common Conceptualization of Drugs
• Classification of Deviantly Used Drugs
• Variations in Drug Use
• How Organized Is Drug Use?
• Street Gangs
• What Is Gang Delinquency?
• The Criminal Activity of Gangs
• Extent of Street Gangs: The 'Gang Problem'
• Composition of Gangs
• How Organized Is the Gang?
• 5. Fully Organized Deviance
• Perfectionism
• What Was Perfectionism?
• Organized Deviance
• How Organized Was Perfectionism?
• Organized Crime
• What Is Organized Crime?
• How Organized Is Organized Crime?
• Does Organized Crime Even Exist?
• Multinational and International Organized Crime
• 6. Deviance/Crime and Society
• The Inevitability of Deviance
• Possible Usefulness of Deviance
• The Elasticity of Evil
• General Theories About Norms
• Anomalies to Be Explained
• Explanations for the Anomalies
• Consensus Theory
• Conflict Theory
• Social Psychological Theory
• Limited Perspectives
• Processes of Deviance Creation
• 7. Deviance/Crime and Social Change
• Deviance and Social Processes
• Types of Social Change
• How Deviance Gets Started
• Sources of New Behavior
• Transforming Behavior Into Deviance
• How Deviance Succeeds
• Recruitment Intensified
• Opposition
• Problems of Growth and Expansion
• The Fruits of Success Examples
• 8. Extent of Deviance and Conformity
• How Much Conformity Is There?
• How Much Deviance Is There?
• Sources of Information
• Generational Variations
• 9. Who Does Deviance and Crime?
• Demographic Variations
• Gender
• Age
• Minority Status
• Social Attachment
• Place of Residence
• Socioeconomic Status
• Geographic Location
• Regional Variations
• Personal Variations
• Intelligence
• Personality
• Religiosity
• Family Structure and Process
• Peer Involvement
• 10. Ad Hoc Explanations
• Gender
• Age
• Socio-Economic Status
• Minority Status
• Social Attachment
• Size of Settlement
• Geographic Location
• Personality
• Family Structure and Process
• Peer Association
• Prior Deviance
• 11. External Motivation Theories
• Learning
• Structural Inducements
• Situational Inducements
• Interaction Process
• 12. Internal Motivation Theories
• Self Theories
• Reactance Theory
• Psycho-Dynamic Theory
• 13. Internal Constraint Theories
• Self Control
• Morality Theories
• 14. External Constraint Theories
• Deterrence
• Social Control
• 15. Integrated Theory
• Requirements for Successful Theory
• Control Balance Theory
• The Basic Idea
• The Theoretical Argument
• Application to Societies and Other Organizations
• A Related Application
• Contingencies for the Control Balancing Process Integration
• 16. Theories of Rate Variations
• Rate Variations
• Theories of Societal Rate Variations
• Generalizing Micro Level Principles
• Theories Specific to Ecological Units
• Theories That Apply to Ecological Units and to Individuals
• 17. The Relevance of Practitioner Organization for Theories of Deviance
• Practitioner Organization and External Motivation Theories
• Practitioner Organization and Internal Motivation Theories
• Practitioner Organization and Internal Constraint Theories
• Practitioner Organization and External Constraint Theories
• Practitioner Organization and Integrated Theories
• Practitioner Organization and Theories of Rate Variation
• Aggregated Micro Theories
• Ecological Theories
• Theories That Apply to Ecological Units and to Individuals

Su questa edizione

• Editore: Oxford University Press
• Data di pubblicazione: 2000
• ISBN 10: 0195329953
• ISBN 13: 9780195329957
• Rilegatura: Copertina flessibile
• Numero di pagine: 752