lap lambert academic publishing mär 2012 (Oltre 1.200 risultati)

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware - Tablets are solid unit dosage form of medicaments with or without suitable diluents and prepared either by molding or compression. They are solid, flat or biconvex disc in shape. They vary greatly in shape, size and weight which depend upon amount of medicament used and mode of administration. They also vary in hardness, thickness, disintegration and dissolution characteristics and in other aspects depending upon their intended use and method of manufacture. Tablets are the most widely used solid dosage form of medicament. Because of their advantages their popularity is continuously increasing day by day. Hypertension is a very common disorder, particularly past middle age. It is not a disease in itself, but it is an important risk factor for cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. The WHO-ISH guidelines defined it to 140 mm Hg systolic and 90 mm Hg diastolic, through risk appears to increase even above 120/90 mm Hg.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -The world is experiencing demographic transition from higher level of fertility to lower level of fertility. However in Africa the pace of declining fertility is very low. This book analyse the low pace of declining fertility as the result of existence of son preference in Africa and Tanzania in particular. Parental preferences toward sons¿ influences the number of the children they could have, hence affecting the family size. This book use parity progression ratio to examine parents¿ behavior of continuing child bearing to search for a male offspring. Also, sex ratio at last birth was used to examine parental intention to stop childbearing after having at least one surviving son. The findings in this book show that parents¿ continue having children until they reached the desired number of sons. This book, therefore, provide an understanding of the relationship between son preference and family size. Furthermore, understanding of the relationship between son preference and family size are of great importance for the policy makers in order to deal adequately with the problems related to family size and population growth.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 108 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This paper investigates a simultaneous impact of monetary and fiscal policies on economic growth in a single model. The data for 21 OECD countries covering the period 1970-2009 is gathered for our study of policy effect on economic growth. A quadratic specification method is employed by constructing a relationship between economic growth and several policy variables in order to find optimal values for government debt level, tax revenues and interest rate that lead to the highest economic growth, which is a contribution of this paper. Furthermore, a threshold method is exploited to determine the highest growth rate at different tax and interest rates given a particular debt level. Another distinctive feature of this research is uttered in simultaneous application of both a quadratic specification method and a threshold method in the same paper which has never been done before. We employ a state-of-art advanced estimation technique which ensures a robustness of stated conclusions. According to the results, the highest economic growth performance is achieved when total tax revenue reach 23.75% of GDP and when a government debt level does not exceed 41% of GDP.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 68 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Like other developing countries, in South and South-East Asia, infant and child mortality has been given paramount importance by both academicians and policy makers. This is because this mortality is comparatively high here. This book illustrates infant and child mortality and factors affecting it in the context of different programmes and policies implemented by various conutries of the region. Also the book compares intra-country and inter-country comparisons of infant and child mortality levels. The book extensively discusses various child health programmes and their effects on infant and child mortality from 1970 to 2006. In addition to that the book also discusses various aspects of demographic, socio-economic and cultural practices that significantly affect infant and child mortality in this region. The book is of immense use in studies related to demography and public health.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 116 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This book commence with theoretical evaluation of New Public Management, Traditional Public Administration and Public Value Management. In the next step of the study, Peter Hall¿s social learning approach in Policy making process is tried to be analyzed in a critical way. After all these theoretical backgrounds, variety of public policies that comprise of Health, Education and Tourism are assessed by using the cases of Turkey and United Kingdom. Moreover, this study offers some relevant solutions to the mentioned cases. Even though the context of the field studies seem to be independent each other, it obviously constitutes an integrity in terms of Public Policy analysis. In conclusion, this book can be used as a guide for independent researches and also be benefited by the lecturersstudents interested in Public Policy.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 112 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -There is no official definition of recession, but there is general recognition that the term refers to a period of decline in economic activity. Very short periods of decline are not considered recessions. Most commentators and analysts use, as a practical definition of recession, two consecutive quarters of decline in a country¿s real (inflation adjusted) gross domestic product (GDP)¿the value of all goods and services a country produces. Although this definition is a useful rule of thumb, it has drawbacks. A focus on GDP alone is narrow, and it is often better to consider a wider set of measures of economic activity to determine whether a country is indeed suffering a recession. Using other indicators can also provide a timelier gauge of the state of the economy.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 68 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Under-five mortality in Uganda; Determinants, Trends and Millennium Development Goal four is an essential book for development practitioners in professional and academic circles as well as for students. It provides a perspective on child health programming for policy makers, programme managers, field officers and policy analyst. The most remarkable feature is the insight it gives on the programmatic approaches in dealing a final blow to child mortality in developing countries. The book also provides an essential guide to a modern research approach in mortality studies with more focus to developing countries. It covers one of the comprehensive child survival theories commonly adapted in mortality studies. Many professional researchers and research students find it difficult to study child survival in development countries due to complex mortality theories, insufficient data and limited methodologies. Under-five mortality in Uganda; Determinants, Trends and Millennium Development Goal four demystifies that fact and it is a must read for researchers with a profound interest in mortality studies.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 64 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Women are the dependable bread winners in the developing world.Their work is not only limited to taking care of children,but also to support the entire family. Whenever there is a strong woman,there is a likelihood of family, especially father and children to experience peace and prosperity in the household. Women entrepreneurial activities include food vending, farmer/crop husbandry, kiosks, and shops, stationary and tailoring. These activities have helped these women to reduce poverty at family level as they are able to pay for food, house rent, school and medical bills. Factors which support the women entrepreneurs include institutions that support them financially by providing loans and training. Such trainings are like identifying business opportunities , keeping business records, developing skills in planning and marketing and loan or credit management. This book has come as a wake up call to the stakeholders dealing with women issues that one cannot talk of poverty reduction while ignoring the enhancement of women entrepreneurs especially those who live in the remote areas in the villages because many women live in the villages in the developing countries.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 88 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This study attempts to give a critical review of the debates on how the citizenship was constructed in Turkey. While doing this the late Ottoman period and the republican era have been examined. It has been observed that the concept of Turkish citizenship started to take its form in a traditional manner, but the evolution of the idea of constitutional citizenship took place in the early 1980s. It has also been found that the role of the state tradition has been strong throughout of history of Ottoman Empire as well as Republic of Turkey. The passive character of Turkish citizenship has been also noted. In addition to the point above, the ethno-secular borders were dealt with to see whether different elements of society were included or not. It has been claimed that the democratic struggles after the 1980s have helped to activate the passive character of the traditional form of Turkish citizenship in terms of inclusion.Also, it was seen that the parameters of change in this form of Turkish citizenship have resulted in development of new ideas of citizenship, including European citizenship started to be discussed with the process of Turkey's candidacy for European Union membership.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 104 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -In the eyes of most modern legal systems today men and women are equal and are given equal rights. As a result, the contemporary woman has many rights that were denied her ancestors. Though the modern woman has more doors open to her - resulting in more freedom of choice - dilemmas still exist between her 'traditional' and 'modern' roles for which she has to make decisions on a day to day basis. This struggle between what is expected of her traditionally and what she has the possibility and legal rights to do, though present in the lives of all women in some degree or another, is more evident when the woman is put into a setting in which her culture and the law of the land are quite different from one another. Such is the case of women who have moved to Great Britain from Islamic countries, resulting in an encounter with a different culture and the gaining of a new legal status. Supposing new legal rights bring more freedom of choice, what could prevent a migrant woman from exercising a right that is hers The answer to this question lies in culture and cultural identity.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 80 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -What implications does a strong language law have for international organizations operating within its domain This question has remained rather untouched in the academic sphere, even though language and its strategic role have widely been accepted as key elements in international operations. This study sets out to investigate the linguistic context of the province of Quebec (Canada), aiming to determine the effects of balancing between the need for a corporate language and the demands of the regulatory context. An existing framework on context is applied to the identified key elements present in Quebec to break down their nature and effects on organizations. The linguistic duality that organizations face becomes apparent: regardless of the increasing need for English as a corporate language, the law, created to protect the French language, has not been adapted to the changing global environment. Consequently, it becomes difficult for international organizations to apply a global language strategy in Quebec. The balancing act can become resource-consuming ¿ even to the extent of acting as an entry barrier or driving business elsewhere.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 120 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This study discusses central government grants; showing their effects on local government operational efficiency and effectiveness in Zambia. The Movement for Multiparty Democracy (MMD) government, with a view to improving local government operational efficiency and effectiveness, enacted a new local government Act in December1991, replacing the local administration act of 1980. The study reveals that whilst the 1991 local government Act provides for all local authorities to receive grants from central government, the situation obtaining in Zambiäs Third Republic is that the government decided to ignore its statutory obligation to provide funding to councils. Therefore, local councils in Zambia have remained chronically short of money to the extent that they are unable to buy and maintain vital equipment; many of them have been unable to pay salaries and wages on time; and services to the local communities have not been adequately delivered or even not delivered at all. The study has shown that even though stringent measures and various local initiatives have been taken the gap left by non-provision of grants is difficult to be filled by the local authorities¿ own revenue.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 76 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Oribcing Women¿s Savings and Credit Society Limited is rural community based, members owned and demand driven Micro-Finance Institution with Head Quarters in Lira municipality serving the districts of Lira, Apac, Amolatar and Oyam district. It was founded Village Savings and Credit Institution (VSCI) in 1999 promoted by Mid-North Private Sector Development Company Limited on the concept of village banking model to provide financial services to active poor members. The study tries to determine the impact of Micro-finance loans on poverty eradication to rural poor community in Uganda. It focuses on access, utilization and pay-back mode of the loan. The loan was found to be easily accessible because it is based on 25% savings; it¿s great in expanding businesses and improving living standards of poor people. However, interest rate seems unfavorable and some members would direct the loans not for the right purpose for which they have acquired. The study recommended more training for the borrowers and Credit officers and monitoring utilizing funds and performance of business. The government should put a limit on interest rate policy beyond which all registered MFIs should not exceed.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 56 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This work examines the possible relation between credit risk and credit ratings, and the timeliness of this relation for the financial services. Investors and regulators use credit ratings as part of their decision making process and it is important to understand to which extend credit ratings reflect actual credit risk. This research focuses on the financial services because of the increasing credit risk over the years 2003 till 2007 and the strong commercial interests of credit rating agencies in this industry. A distorted relation between credit risk and credit ratings is most likely to become apparent in the financial services. Six financial metrics are used as a proxy for credit risk and two variables are used to measure changes in credit ratings. Based on the data and analyses the relation between credit ratings and credit risk is ¿ at best ¿ weak for the research period. The most significant relations are lagged by three or four years, which means that credit ratings are responding three or four years after changes in credit risk occur.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 84 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Productivity analysis is currently one of the major research areas in economics. A greater concern would be the long-term sustainable growth in productivity. This growth depends on several factors, such as the quantitative expansion of physical capital per worker, and total factor productivity growth, which measures improvement in qualitative aspects of labour and capital inputs, and the efficiency with which these inputs work together. The concept of Green Productivity is drawn from the integration of two important developmental strategies viz. productivity improvement and environmental protection. Productivity provides the framework for continuous improvement while environmental protection provides the foundation for sustainable development. Therefore, Green Productivity is a strategy for enhancing productivity and environmental performance for overall socio-economic development. This book is intended to be an empirical research attempt to extend productivity measure by taking into account pollutant emissions into production function as un-priced inputs, which have been ignored in most previous studies.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 108 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This book is of importance for anyone who is practicing or planning to be international project managers in general and particularly for those who want to have a leadership role in international multi-organizational projects. It gives literature review about the communication theories related to the role and function of the communications in projects. Moreover, the analysis focuses on the importance of effective communication in the planning phase of international multi-organization projects. The empirical data obtained through interviewing the leadership and stakeholders in three such projects supports the literature about the importance of effective communication at the projects planning stage and the lack of effective communication at this planning stage increases the chances of conflict and eventually for the failure of the whole project.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 64 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Community management of the rural water supply is considered as one of the ways in which sustainability of the water services can be achieved. International communities and donors are championing this concept. This study was conducted to investigate sustainability arrangement of rural water and sanitation facilities under community management approach in Duayaw Nkwanta. Interview schedule and interview guide were used to gather data. Primary data was collected from 60 households in the 6 electoral areas using convenience and purposive sampling techniques. Five other respondents comprising RWST, DWST, WSDB, WATSAN and opinion leaders were also interviewed. The Statistical Product for Service Solutions (SPSS) version 16 was used to analyse the data collected. The study revealed that, community management of water schemes is a useful approach for community development. In view of the water management systems, community management alone of the rural water schemes seems not to be an ideal solution for attaining sustainability of rural water schemes. This is due to constraints such as poor financial management and unrealistic payment of fees for water usage.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 80 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Owing to the fact that monetary economics is very controversial, most economists, however, agree that this concept ¿money¿, around which the title of this book revolves, plays a paramount role in the process of development in developed, emerging and developing economies. Monetary economists are in concord that money supply determination is a portfolio framework. However, they are in disagreement about what determines interest rates and inflation. This book will be of immense importance to both undergraduate and postgraduate students who want to understand these three monetary concepts from broad perspective and popular views. It will in fact be very useful to students who do not know how to make econometric models and how to analytically interpret results from estimated parameters.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 96 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This research looked at Conservation of Library resources in three selected special libraries in Lagos State. Titled conservation of library resources questionnaire (CLRQ) to guide the study and survey design was used. The result of the study showed that the conservation methods of the libraries were mainly cleaning, dusting of library materials, installation of air conditioners in the libraries and that the libraries have binding units, regular fumigation of the library materials, proper shelving of the books and photocopying machines. The result also showed that the conservation method was less extent which means that enough attention is not given to conservation methods. The study revealed that few resources were employed for conservation of the libraries resources among which are photocopying machine, good housekeeping mainly and that they lack trained conservators and equipments for digitalisation. Based on the findings the study recommended strategies to enhance the conservation of library resources among which are the formulation and implementation of the conservation policy, education of the library users and training of the library staff to enhance their performance.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 68 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Many researchers have worked on energy efficient policies. But although there is solid evidence that energy efficiency saves money, pollution and carbon, many sound policies and projects have still been collecting dust on the shelves of policy makers, energy suppliers, businesses and consumers. This paper tries to give insight in what aspects of entrepreneurship are important to come to an entrepreneurial venture. The activity of entrepreneurs represents one of the major engines of economic growth, which accounts for a majority of new businesses and hereby jobs are created. This research involves a placement of these new businesses in the context of sustainable economic growth. The process of discovery, evaluation and exploitation of the opportunities will be discussed. Furthermore will a set of individuals who discover, evaluate and exploit them be analysed. This will eventually lead to insight in how entrepreneurs are approaching the market of sustainability.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 88 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -It¿s been more than a decade since 21st century and countries world over are on the brink of increasing their economy by setting up as many industries as possible and in contrast investors are eager to put as minimum amount of finances as possible due to inflation in the global market. However cutting down different financial attributes, investors and engineers both expect a favorable yield which proves sufficient not only for the growth of one¿s industry but also in foreign trade. Hence this is where PLCs with SCADA kicks in by not only saving staggering amounts of finances to set up an automated industry; it also reduces the amount of labor and energy resources. An automated industry equipped with PLCs including a wide range of digital and analogue modules is more than capable of producing not twice, thrice but more than four times as compared to a normal industry which truly gives a wider edge to PLCs. Realizing the agile attributes of PLCs which is being used in almost every kind of industry whether its related to product packaging, assembling, textile, oil extractions, mining, etc.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 64 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Ethiopia's smallholders farmers struggle to make a living in an extremely testing environment. Terrain, remoteness, and climate all pose significant challenges to crop and livestock production; agricultural technologies are basic; market access is weak; and history and politics add to the difficulties faced by a predominantly subsistence agricultural population. Hence, this study aims to examine the impact of small-scale irrigation on household food security in drought prone areas of northern Ethiopia.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 68 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Deep Brain Stimulation (DBS) has resulted in a renaissance as an alternative way for treatment of parkinson's disease and essential tremor. Deep brain stimulation employ the use of high electric field to stimulate some brain centers. The final position of the electrodes in the brain is specified by the aid of CT and MRI scans for the patient's head before and after the operation. A study of electric field distribution in the brain is required to interpret and improve the action of DBS. In this master thesis project, Voreen was extended to visualize a multimodal volume of the CT and MR images. The MR volume was segmented to extract the brain from the skull in T1 weighted images. Some image processing techniques were developed to enhance the contrast of CT and MR images. In order to stimulate electric field in the brain, the neurologists are allowed to design and position the electrodes in the reconstructed volume. The electrodes and some pre-modeled electric fields can be visualized in the reconstructed volume and the slice views. A mesh generator was developed using delaunay tetrahedralization.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 60 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Augmented-Life Phone Organizer (ALPO) is a geo-based mobile application for users to search for businesses and make corresponding actions such as calling, navigating, or viewing comments about the business. Users can take image notes and attach them to a virtual wall, so others can view the image at the same GPS coordinates later. Users can also view all business images and augmented notes superimposed on the real world through a mobile device screen and camera.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 52 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This research paper explores the changes in livelihood of people who have been using solar energy as a source of electricity. To see the development of people¿s lives, a combined framework of capability approaches by Amartya Sen and Martha C. Nussbaum is applied here. Field study is conducted in four areas of Shirajganj, Bangladesh. Lack of electricity is considered here as a form of deprivation which impedes the freedom of people. People who had no access to electricity faced different obstacles in achieving capabilities and performing functionings. Their lives were chained in the hands of day light. Solar system has been changing the situation in different sectors of lives. People can get more working and study hours.Solar system has also been creating some scopes for income generation. However, the facility it creates has a both positive and negative impressions. Based on the finidings, this research paper argues for expanding the use of this system in places where electricity is yet to be reached.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 108 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This monograph presents results of investigations on fields and multipole expansion coefficients in axially symmetric (referred to as 3D) and two dimensional (2D) ion trap mass analysers. 3D mass analysers have a three-electrode geometry with two (electrically shorted) endcap electrodes and one central ring electrode. rf-only or rf/dc potential applied across the electrodes creates a linear trapping field in the central cavity of the mass analyser. 2D mass analysers have four longitudinal electrodes in which the opposite pairs of electrodes are electrically shorted. Here, rf-only or rf/dc potential applied across the pair of electrodes creates a linear trapping field and fragment ions of the analyte gas are trapped along the central axis of the mass analyser. Both these mass analysers have apertures machined on the electrodes (holes in case of 3D traps and slits in case of 2D traps) to permit entry of electrons for ionising the analyte gas and for collection of destabilized fragment ions. This thesis is concerned with how these apertures influence the fields and multipole expansion coefficients within the traps. This thesis is divided into five chapters.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 116 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -In South Asia the irrational use of antibiotics prevails widely, which does not only increase the burden on the patient pockets but also is the major contributing factor for the development of antimicrobial resistance in this part of the world. In this book we have tried to measure the practices employed by doctors in prescribing different antibiotics with the help of a survey from the major institutes/Hospitals of Karachi.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 92 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Glass fibre-reinforced polymer have been used as an alternative to steel in concrete due to high strength-to-weight ratio, high stiffness-to-weight ratio, and corrosion and fatigue resistance. The main environmental factors for the deterioration of GFRP sandwich composites are temperature, sunshine, water/moisture, alkalinity and load. In this an experimental investigation has been carried out to study combined effect of chosen parameters moisture and temperature & also to study the rate & magnitude of damage of GFRP sandwich structure composites under hygrothermal loading conditions. The sandwich structure composed of E-glass fibre, polystyrene (thermocol core) and epoxy resin were subjected to three point bending test to assess bending strength. Two thermocol cores with different thickness (8mm and 16mm) were investigated. It has been observed that the sandwich structure with higher core thickness withstand a higher bending load show less flexural stress and flexure modulus when compared with low core thickness. Higher percent bending pre-loads lead to higher degradation in maximum flexure load as well as flexure modulus and flexure stress.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 112 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Manipur state lies in the North Eastern corner of India bordering Myanmar.The physiography, ethnicity, , food habit and cultural identities of the local people closely links with the rest of South East Asia.Rice is the staple food crop of the region .Over the years introduction of new agricultural technologies ,changes in farming techniques and introduction of new varieties of crops have been adopted to boost up the yield outputs.In addition to the changes in the agricultural practices of the farmers, the consequence of global warming affecting local agriculture,has been very obvious. Eventually, pests and diseases that were once unknown or minor have been encountered and become major threats. Stem rot of rice is one such disease which has from nil ,made its presence at an alarming concern in the last decade. The presentation given here is the findings on the status of the disease in the wet land of the Manipur valley. Acknowledgement: Prof. N.Iboton Singh, Dean, and Asso. Prof. Dr. R.K.Tombisana Devi, College of Agriculture, Central Agricultural University, Iroisemba, Imphal, Manipur Dr.G.K.N.Chhetri, Asso. Prof. Life Science Dept. Manipur University, Canchipur, Imphal, Manipur.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 72 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -In Rajasthan, bacterial stripe & black chaff disease of barley (Hordeum vulgare) caused by Xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens has become an upcoming and endemic disease in recent years. The bacterium was found to be seed-borne Seed to seedling transmission of the bacterium showed a quantitative relationship in the density of contaminated / infected seed. The pathway of the bacterium from germinating seed was observed emanating from the husk (glumes) and pericarp to coleoptile and above ground aerial plant parts. The bacterium was observed located in the intercellular spaces of parenchymatous cells with dissolution of cell walls leading to cavities full of bacterial masses which in turn converted stripes into blotches. Seed transmission studies indicated that infected seed is an important primary source of inoculum and recurrence of the disease from one season to next. Meteorological observations indicated that the temperature and relative humidity, played an important role in the initiation and development of the disease. In terms of epidemiology, the present barley production system in the area under study revealed that irrigation with overhead sprinklers favours the disease.Books on Demand GmbH, Überseering 33, 22297 Hamburg 96 pp. Englisch.