springer humana apr 2013 (31 risultati)

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book has its or1g1n in a NATO Summer School organized from June 25 to July 7 1979, in Menton, France. The purpose of this School was a comparative study of the various aspects of vibra tional spectroscopy in molecular liquids and solids. This field has been rapidly expanding in the last decade; unfortunately, its development took place independently for liquids and for solids. In these circumstances, the comparison of the basic concepts and techniques used in these two branches of physics appeared as a necessity. The lectures given at the Menton Advanced Study Institute, as well as the exceptionally fruitful and lively discussions which followed them confirmed this point of view. The need of putting together these lectures, in the form of a monograph, clearly appeared during the ASI and the lecturers accepted to write down the material they presented at the Institute, improved thanks to the remarks of the participants. It is the result of this collective work which appears in the familiar Plenum Series. 480 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -A few years ago the practice and application of carbon-l 3 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy was restricted to a handful of laboratories, and a search of the 13 C n. m. I. literature was a relatively simple and straight forward matter. Then, with the development of commercial Fourier transform n. m. I. spectrometers, the technique became generally available and 13 C n. m. I. applications rapidly became routine, with the result that the 13 C literature seems to be following an exponential growth pattern. Consequently a search of the literature has become a formidable task. Although during this period several monographs and reviews of the chemical applications of 13 C n. m. I. have appeared and some of these present extensive tabulations of data, these data tend to be illustrative rather than exhaustive. There is a real need for a systematic, regularly appearing collection of data to enable one to locate the results for specific compounds quickly and easily. This is the first volume of a continuing series that will serve to fill this need. It should prove extremely valuable as the 13 C n. m. I. literature continues its explosive growth, since I J C spectra now rival proton spectra as a primary means for the characterization and identification of a wide variety of compounds. 264 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -During the summer of 1974 we discussed the state of molecular biology and biochemical developmental biology in plants on a few occasions in Paris and in Strasbourg. The number of laboratories engaged in such research is minute compared with those studying comparable problems in animal and bacterial systems, but by then much interesting work had been done and a great momentum was building. It seemed to us that the summer of 1976 would be a good time to review these areas of plant biology for students as well as advanced workers. We outlined a program for a course to colleagues both in Europe and the United States and asked a few potential lecturers if they would be interested. The response was not just positive; it was overwhelm ingly enthusiastic. Those who had some acquaintance with Alsace, and especially with Strasbourg, invariably told us that they had two reasons for being enthusiastic about participating - the subject and the proposed site. The lectures published here\* reflect the diversity of current research in plant molecular biology and biochemical developmental biology. Each lecture gives us a glimpse of the depth of questions being asked, and sometimes answered, in segments of this field of investigation. This research is directed at fundamental biological problems, but answers to these questions will provide knowledge essential for bringing about major changes in the way the world's agricultural enterprise can be improved. 432 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Surface physics and chemistry have in recent years become one of the most active fields in solid state research. A number of techniques have been developed, and both the experimental aspect and the correlated theory are evolving at an extremely fast rate. Electron and ion spectroscopy are of major importance in this development. In this volume, which contains edited and extended versions of eight sets of lectures given at the NATO Advanced Study Institute held at Ghent, Belgium, from August 29 to September 9, 1977, a re view of the state of the art in these fields is given from both an experimental and a theoretical point of view. Electron emission techniques such as UPS (ultraviolet photoemission spectroscopy), XPS (x-ray photoemission spectroscopy), and AES (Auger electron spectroscopy) constitute the major part of this volume, reflecting the fact that they continue to be the most widely applied surface techniques. Recent developments in the application of synchrotron radiation to angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy are extensively covered, from an experimental point of view by Prof. W. E. Spicer (Stanford University, U.S.A.) and from a theoretical point of view by Dr. A. Liebsch (Kernforschungsanlage Julich, Germany). Emphasis is put on the study of energy bands in layered structures, and on chemisorption on well-defined surfaces. Chemisorption and catalysis on metals is treated in detail by Prof. G. Ertl (Universitat Munchen, Germany). This chapter contains a review of the application of the different surface techniques to specific surface systems. 488 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In writing this book I had two main objectives: (1) to teach the organic chemist how to interpret proton magnetic resonance spectra, and (2) to provide the reference data which are constantly needed in the use of proton spectra. I have felt that it was im portant to point out not only the information which can be gained from spectra, but also the limitations and the potential pitfalls. All of the important facts are organized into tabular summaries. Every effort has been made to present the material clearly, con cisely, completely, and accurately. At the same time, subjects not directly related to the interpretation of spectra have been omitted. Thus, while the conclusions drawn from theory are presented, the theory itself has been avoided. There are a number of advantages in learning the empirical facts before learning the theory. First of all, in interpreting spectra one usually has to rely on his knowledge of the accumulated empirical correlations much more than on his knowledge of the theory. In fact, one could know all of the theory and still not b~ able to interpret spectra unless he also knew the empirical facts. Secondly, the theory is much more easilyunderstoodafter the facts have been mastered. 164 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume presents the knowledge, views, and experiences of ex perts in the fields of health care that are particularly important to women. Not all of the authors agree on all of the issues, but all share the same concerns about women's health and recognize the impor tance of providing information to enable women to become active par ticipants in the health care partnership. The idea for the book evolved from our own work in the field of women's health care. The positive responses we received to several papers and presentations based on our experiences and addressed to patients, physicians, and other health care professionals indicated that there is a growing need for open discussion of women's health care issues as well as a need for developing and implementing new and better ways of dealing with these issues. We were further motivated by the repeated failure of the health care community to integrate new insights and information (that frequently contradict older, established beliefs and practices) into current health planning, education, and practice. 376 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Several years ago, an anonymous donor gave a generous gift to the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at George Washington University School of Medicine. The donor suggested that the gift be used to support a conference on the current dilem mas of the American family and to publish its proceedings. The current chairman of the department, Jerry Wiener, formulated the initial plans for the conference with Leon Yochelson, who had been chairman at the time the gift was made. Dr. Yochelson is now Chairman of the Board of the Psychiatric Institute of the District of Columbia. These initial discussions led to a significant and sus tained collaboration between the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at George Washington and the Psychiatric In stitute in planning the conference and the present volume. A committee was established to plan the conference. It con sisted of Peter Steinglass, Associate Professor of Psychiatry, and George Cohn, Professor of Child Health and Development, both of George Washington, and Margaret Garrett, a member of the psychiatric staff at the Psychiatric Institute. The committee was jointly chaired by the editors of this volume. The committee re ceived indispensable assistance from members of the administra tive staff of the Psychiatric Institute: Al Bruce, Carol Klein, and Miriam Mathura. Margaret Schnellinger of the Center for Family Research, George Washington University, was also very helpful in all phases of planning the conference. 268 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Intrusion Detection In Distributed Systems: An Abstraction-Based Approach presents research contributions in three areas with respect to intrusion detection in distributed systems. The first contribution is an abstraction-based approach to addressing heterogeneity and autonomy of distributed environments. The second contribution is a formal framework for modeling requests among cooperative IDSs and its application to Common Intrusion Detection Framework (CIDF). The third contribution is a novel approach to coordinating different IDSs for distributed event correlation. 160 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Gilbert S. Omenn Dean, Public Health and Community Medicine University of Washington Seattle, Washington 98195 On behalf of the University of Washington, the City of Seattle, the sponsors and donors, and my co-organizers, I am delighted to welcome all of you to this Conference on Genetic Control of Environ mental Pollutants. My only regret is that Dr. Alexander Hollaender, who has inspired so many of us as young scientists and stimulated so many trail-blazing conferences in environmental sciences and in gen etic engineering, is ill and was unable to make the trip to Seattle. He sends his warm good wishes for an outstanding meeting and a fine volume. The purpose of this Conference is to identify and assess strat egies for more effectively and safely managing wastes and toxic sub stances in the environment, in part through use of genetically engi neered microorganisms. There is a sense of desperation in our soci ety that modern technologies have introduced a bewildering array of potential hazards to human health and to our environment. There is an accompanying sense of frustration that our prodigious basic re search capabilities and our technological ingenuity have not yielded practical ways to control many pollutants and waste streams, or- better still--to convert them to useful products. 420 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In recent years the physics of disordered systems has been one of the most active and fruitful areas of research in condensed matter science. In contrast to the considerable attention paid by conferences, schools and workshops to the static and structural aspects of glasses, there has been no forum devoted primarily to the dynamic and energetic aspects of amorphous solids. The NATO Workshop on Coherence and Energy Transfer in Glasses was organized to address this deficiency. The intent was to bring together in an intense and interactive environment, experts in several rather disparate subfields relating to the dynamics and energetics of disordered systems. This volume represents the Proceedings of that Workshop, which took place in September 1982 at Clare College of Cambridge University. Forty-three scientists from eight NATO countries participated. These included representatives from universities and industrial laboratories, as well as government research institutions. The meeting was organized into eight formal sessions and one informal session devoted entirely to unstructured discussion. Each formal session featured two comprehensive lectures. An additional 60 to 90 minutes was devoted in each session to discussions and contributions related to the lectures. Since only about 60% of the session time was devoted to formal presentations, the discussions formed an equally important part of the workshop. The chairmen and discussion leaders - as well as the workshop participants themselves - brought forth lively and illuminating discussions for each session. 436 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The II international workshop on 'Data Analysis in Astronomy' was intended to provide an overview on the state of the art and the trend in data analy sis and image processing in the context of their applications in Astronomy. The need for the organization of a second workshop in this subject derived from the steady. growing and development in the field and from the increasing cross-interaction between methods, technology and applications in Astronomy. The book is organized in four main sections: - Data Analysis Methodologies - Data Handling and Systems dedicated to Large Experiments - Parallel Processing - New Developments The topics which have been selected cover some of the main fields in data analysis in Astronomy. Methods that provide a major contribution to the physical interpretation of the data have been considered. Attention has been devoted to the description of the data analysis and handling organization in very large experiments. A review of the current major satellite and ground based experiments has been included. At the end of the book the following 'Panel Discussions' are included: - Data Analysis Trend in Optical and Radio Astronomy - Data Analysis Trend in X and Gamma Astronomy - Problems and Solutions in the Design of Very Large Experiments - Trend on Parallel Processing Algorithms These contributions in a sense summarize the 'live' reaction of the audience to the various topics. 416 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The Advanced Study Institute on Strongly Coupled Plasmas was held on the campus of the Universite d'Orleans, Orleans-la-Source, France, from July 6th through July 23rd, 1977. 15 invited lecturers and 50 other participants attended the Institute. The present Volume contains the texts of most of the lectures and of some of the numerous seminars presented at the Institute. The topic of strongly coupled coulomb-systems has been an area of vigorous activities over the last few years. Such systems occur in a great variety of physical situations: stellar and planetary interiors, solid and liquid metals, semiconductors, laser compressed plasmas and gas discharges are some of the most important examples. All these systems have the common feature that for one or more of their constituent charged particle liquids the potential energy to kinetic energy ratio is not small, and therefore the application of the traditional plasma perturbation techniques is not feasible. Many ingenious theoretical schemes have been worked out in order to attack both the related equilibrium and nonequilibrium problems, and also various methods have been borrowed from areas where problems not dissimilar to the ones arising in coulomb-systems had already been tackled. At the same time, computer simulations have led to a probably unparalleled accumulation of data on the behavior of an ensemble of classical charged particles. For the first time, the Institute assembled workers from various disciplines who had been involved with diverse aspects of the strongly coupled plasma problem. 672 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -'Biologically Based Methods for Cancer Risk Assessment', an Advanced Research Workshop, (ARW) sponsored by the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was held in Corfu, Greece in June, 1989. The intent of the workshop was to survey available pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic methods in cancer risk assessment and identify methodological gaps and research needs for biologically based methods in cancer risk assessment. Incorporation of such methods represents one of the most challenging areas for risk assessment. The workshop included an international group of invited experts in the field and provided for a dynamic exchange of ideas and accomplishments. Some of the major topics discussed were: \* Inventory of available pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic methods for cancer risk assessment. \* Identification of methodology gaps and research needs in biologically based methods in cancer risk assessment. \* Development of a general framework to guide future cancer risk assessment research. This book is a compilation of the papers presented at the workshop and is intended to provide guidance for future research to reduce uncertainties in the cancer risk assessment process. The primary sponsorship of this ARW by NATO and the advice and cooperation of Dr. C. Sinclair of the Scientific affairs Division are gratefully acknowledged. Acknowledgement is also given to the National Science Foundation for its support. The organization of the ARW and the preparation of this book have required considerable help from many other sources. 368 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This monograph contains the proceedings of an International Symposium on the Pathophysiology of Cere bral Energy Metabolism which was held at the University of Belgrade School of Medicine, September 19-22, 1977. The purpose of the symposium was to promote an interdisciplinary discussion on energy demand in the brain in pathophysiological states, particularly with regard to cessation of blood flow, epilepsy, and para doxical sleep disturbances. Doctors W. F. Caveness, I. Klatzo, B. B. Mrsulja, Lj. M. Rakie, and v. Susie served as an advisory board and helped to plan the sci entific program. The papers which were presented covered neurophysiological, neurochemical, morphological, and clinical approaches to the topics. The Editors v CONTENTS Introductory Remarks 1 J. Ristic Pathophysiology of Cerebral Ischemia 5 K. -A. Hossmann The Interpretation of Ultrastructural Abnormalities in Cerebral Ischemia 19 J. H. Garcia, A. S. Lossinsky, K. Donger, and F. C. Kauffman Short-Term Unilateral Ischemia in Gerbils: A Reevaluation 33 N. Murakami, W. D. Lust, A. B. Wheaton, and J. V. Passonneau Some New Aspects of the Pathochemistry 47 of the Post-Ischemic Period B. B. Mrsulja Blood Flow, Oxygen, and Electrical Dynamics in Cerebral Ischemia 61 R. Cohn, B. J. Sussman, I. Klatzo, and J. F. Turman Cytochemistry of Hippocampus Following 73 Cerebral Ischemia B. J. Mr~ulja, M. Spatz, and I. 492 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The present work is the first volume of a substantially enlarged version of the mimeographed notes of a course of lectures first given by me in the Indian Statistical Institute, Calcutta, India, during 1964-65. When it was suggested that these lectures be developed into a book, I readily agreed and took the opportunity to extend the scope of the material covered. No background in physics is in principle necessary for understand ing the essential ideas in this work. However, a high degree of mathematical maturity is certainly indispensable. It is safe to say that I aim at an audience composed of professional mathematicians, advanced graduate students, and, hopefully, the rapidly increasing group of mathematical physicists who are attracted to fundamental mathematical questions. Over the years, the mathematics of quantum theory has become more abstract and, consequently, simpler. Hilbert spaces have been used from the very beginning and, after Weyl and Wigner, group representations havecome in conclusively. Recent discoveries seem to indicate that the role of group representations is destined for further expansion, not to speak of the impact of the theory of several complex variables and function-space analysis. But all of this pertains to the world of interacting subatomic particles; the more modest view of the microscopic world presented in this book requires somewhat less. The reader with a knowledge of abstract integration, Hilbert space theory, and topological groups will find the going easy. 208 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -A NATO Advanced Study Institute on 'Phytotoxins in Plant Diseases' was held in Pugnochiuso (Italy) in June 1970. It was concerned mainly with the chemistry and mode of action of substances toxic to higher plants which are produced by pathogenic bacteria and fungi. The role of such substances in specificity was consider ed but largely in relation to host-specific toxins. In 1973, in light of the success of the 1970 Institute, we decided to plan for another in 1975 and after discussion with col leagues during the Second International Congress of Plant Pathology, we selected 'Specificity in Plant Diseases' as the theme for the 1975 Institute. Our chief reasons for the choice were that specificity is un doubtedly the dominant problem in plant pathology and that with the rapid increase during the last decade or so in the diversity and sophistication of biochemical techniques, we should now expect during the next few years much more research on specificity and major ad vances in our understanding of the mechanisms that control it. It seemed to us that a residential meeting with the advantages and status of a NATO Advanced Study Institute would do much to stimulate interest and research in this most important field. The theme also had the merit of continuity with that of the 1970 Institute. 368 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Contrary to popular opinion, contemporary psychology in the USSR is far from being monolithic. It is true that the development of Soviet psychology does have characteristic features which distinguish it from the development of Western (and particularly Anglo-American) psychology. Perhaps the most distinguishing features of Soviet psychology are represented by the pre dominance of the historical-evolutionary approach and the emphasis on integrative physiological mechanisms underlying behavior. The development of Soviet psychological thinking can also be characterized as having been free of the fruitless discussions of mind-body dualism and of dominance by rat-and-pigeon-centered behaviorism. Soviet psychology had the benefit of a rich inheritance from the Sech that laid the foundation for modern psycho enov-Botkin-Pavlov school biology and biological psychiatry. Unfortunately, the politically engendered omnipresent dogmatism during the Lysenko-Stalin era of obscurantism tended to pervert this rich scientific heritage and hindered the development of a diversity of concepts and methods in the behavioral and biological sciences. 356 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware 416 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences was first conceived, published, and dis seminated by the Center for Information and Numerical Data Analysis and Synthesis (CINDAS) \* at Purdue University in 1957, starting its coverage of theses with the academic year 1955. Beginning with Volume 13, the printing and dissemination phases of the ac tivity were transferred to University Microfilms/Xerox of Ann Arbor, Michigan, with the thought that such an arrangement would be more beneficial to the academic and general scientific and technical community. After five years of this joint undertaking we had concluded that it was in the interest of all concerned if the printing and distribution of the volume were handled by an international publishing house to assure improved service and broader dissemination. Hence, starting with Volume 18, Masters Theses in the Pure and Applied Sciences has been disseminated on a worldwide basis by Plenum Publishing Corporation of New York, and in the same year the coverage was broadened to include Canadian universities. All back issues can also be ordered from Plenum. We have reported in Volume 23 (thesis year 1978) a total of 10,148 theses titles from 27 Canadian and 220 United States universities. We are sure that this broader base for theses titles reported will greatly enhance the value of this important annual reference work. While Volume 23 reports these submitted in 1978, on occasion, certain universities do report theses submitted in previous years but not reported at the time. 316 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -In contrast to the effortless ease with which human beings control their limbs, the design of controllers for robotic manipulator arms is a detailed, meticulous business. Motors controlling the arms need to be started and stopped at just the right moment so that the performance demanded by the user may be achieved at the end of a complicated manoeuvre. And yet, the same user wishes to express the task for the robot in the simplest possible terms without reference to the minute details of control sequences that his task demands. It is the design of such inter faces between man and machine that is the subject of trus volume. Parent and Laurgeau develop the subject in a direct and logical order. They first explain the principles of maximal effort control which not only ensure that motors are driven to provide high accuracy, but also that this should be done with the least waste of energy and in the shortest possible time. In this context, they describe the operation of pneumatic logical devices that make rapid decisions at power levels that exceed, by several orders, those that can be achieved with electronic devices. They achieve this whilst keeping the reader aware of the logical principles that are involved in the design of master control units: the devices responsible for appropriate actions being taken as a function of time. 192 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This volume is designed to give local government elected officials and their staff the background information they need on the state of the art in small scale municipal waste-to-energy project development. It will, of course, be of interest to many others in the field. The small-scale segment of the municipal waste energy recovery industry has grown and changed in many ways in recent years. With increasingly stringent environmental regulations pushing up the costs of landfilling, as well as today's higher prices for oil and natural gas, the economics of small-scale systems are attractive to smaller communities or counties which might at one time only have considered joining a multijurisdictional large-scale project. The difficulties involved in devel oping a project that envelops numerous governmental entities are discouraging, and a small, local project may be more readily achievable. Gershman, Brickner & Bratton, Inc. hopes this book will be of assistance to those who are considering such a project, providing guidance and encouragement, as well as practical information on technologies, eco nomics, energy markets, financing, environmental issues, and the pitfalls of project development. 292 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book is the result of the fourth International Symposium on Data Analysis held on June 1985 at the Universite Libre de Bruxelles with the help'of the European Institute for Advanced Management. As the preceding ones, the organization of the Symposium started with a call for real life problems from which an International Com mittee selected six topics and asked for several solutions. These topics are : I) Multivariate and longitudinal data on growing children 2) Prehistoric assemblages and lithic artifacts from a small We- european area 3) A comparison of results of European elections 4) Classification of heterogeneous data related to microcomputers 5) Group technology in production management 6) Juvenile gelinquency They are covered by the S1X chapters of this book in the following systematic way : a) firstly, a presentation of the problem is given in the original context of the relevant discipline (Medicine, archaelogy, politics, marketing, production and education); b) Secondly, we present the solution found by people who presents the problem; c) thirdly, we find the other retained solutions among the most significative ones; v vi PREFACE d) finally, a short conclusion compares the different approaches. The diversity of the six selected problems clearly shows that Data Analysis can be used for solving a wide variety of problems. Moreover, the fact that each problem is approached by several dif ferent way - at least two - also shows that, in general, a 'univer sal' statistical method does not exist. 392 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -It is with pleasure that the editors dedicate this volume to William Camp bell Steere, one of the founding editors of Evolutionary Biology. As Dr. Steere approaches his eightieth birthday we include in the volume a brief biography and a complete bibliography of his publications in celebration of his contributions to the biological sciences. The Editors Ix Contents 1. William Campbell Steere: An Outline of His Life and Continuing Career . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 William R. Buck Bibliography of Publications of William Campbell Steere 5 2. Biochemical Systematics: II. A Reprise . . . . . . . . . . . 25 David E. Giannasi and Daniel J. Crawford Introduction . 25 Micromolecules . 28 Flavonoids . 28 Terpenoids . 49 Alkaloids . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83 . . . . . . . . . Other Micromolecules of Chemosystematic Interest . . . . . . . 92 Micromolecules of Specific Plant Groups . 96 Lichens . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104 . . . . . . . . . . New Approaches in Micromolecular Chemosystematics . 112 C Metabolism. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 118 . . . . . . . . 4 Paleobiochemistry . 120 Micromolecules: Biological and Evolutionary Considerations . 127 Macromolecules . 132 Electrophoresis . 133 Amino Acid Sequences . 155 Serology . 167 Nucleic Acids . 182 Conclusions and Future Prospects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 . . . . Micromolecules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 209 . . . . . . . . Macromolecules . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211 . . . . . . . . References . 213 xl xii Contents 3. Species Selection As a Causal Process . . . . . . . . . . 249 Norman L. Gilinsky Introduction . 249 Differential Rates of Extinction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 251 . . . . . Differential Rates of Speciation: General Problems . 252 Differential Rates of Speciation: A Case for Reducibility . 254 Differential Rates of Speciation: A Case for Irreducibility Speciation via the Founder Principle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 257 . . . Discussion . 262 Possible Examples of Species Selection: Hawaiian Drosophilidae . 262 Possible Examples of Species Selection: Tertiary Neogastropoda . 263 The Snail Example: Another Viewpoint . . . . . . . . . . . . 267 . Species Selection and Randomness . 268 Species Selection and Punctuated Equilibria . . . . . . . . . . . . 269 . . 492 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The world we live in exhibits, on different scales, many phenomena related to the diffusion of gases. Among them are the movement of gases in earth strata, the aeration of soils, the drying of certain materials, some catalytic reactions, purification by adsorption, isotope separation, column chro matography, cooling of nuclear reactors, and the permeability of various packing materials. The evolution of the understanding of this subject has not always been straightforward and progressive-there has been much confusion and many doubts and misunderstandings, some of which remain to this day. The main reason for the difficulties in the development of this subject is, we now know, the lack of an understanding of the effects of walls on diffusing systems. Textbooks usually treat diffusion on two levels: at the physicochemi cal or molecular level, making use of the kinetic theory of gases (which while a very rigorous and well-founded theory nevertheless is valid only for systems without walls), or at the level of a transport phenomenon, a level geared toward applications. The influence of walls is usually disregarded or is treated very briefly (for example, by taking account of the Knudsen regime or by introducing a transition regime of limited validity) in a way unconnected with previous studies. As a consequence, the extensive, gener alized, and well-founded knowledge of systems without walls has often been applied without sound basis to real situations, i.e., to systems with walls. 300 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The International Symposium on The New Dimensions of Warfarin Prophylaxis held on October 16-18, 1986 in New York City was conceived as a forum to bring together physicians and other scientists knowledgeable about the pharmacological effects of warfarin on the hemostatic mechanism and the clinical usefulness of this compound in the prevention of thromboembolic phenomena. The coumarin compounds have commanded a striking breadth of interest among members of the biomedical research community for almost one-half century. Aspects of its effects on the vitamin K-dependent proteins, on the laboratory recognition of the drug's pharmacologic action and its use as a therapeutic agent in a variety of disease states have been actively studied with increasing intensity in the past several decades. Thus, the present state of these studies seemed to be a timely subject for discussion, not only to gather together in one place representative samples of the myriad of data on warfarin, but also to underscore the ever increasing necessity for communication between basic research and clinical practice. The content and organization of this monograph reflect the scope and importance of warfarin prophylaxis. One of the unique aspects of this publication is that it spells out in one place the warfarin story from molecular biology through clinical trials to future directions of research and patient care. 340 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Some of the earliest civilizations regarded the universe as organized around four principles, the four 'elements' earth. water, air, and fire. Fire, which was the source of light and as such possessed an immaterial quality related to the spiritual world. was clearly the most impressive of these elements, although its quanti tative importance could not have been properly discerned. M- ern science has changed the names, but macroscopic matter is still divided into four states. The solid, liquid, and gaseous states are ordinary states, but the fourth state of matter, the plasma state, has retained a somewhat extraordinary character. It is now recognized that most of the matter of the universe is in the ionized state. but on the earth. the plasma state is still the exception. Hence the importance and also the difficulty of investigations dealing with ionized matter, which have been greatly furthered by the development of thermonuclear fusion research. The study of matter in the ionized state comprises a large diversity of problems belonging to many different branches of phys ics. A number of them relate to the microscopic properties of plasmas and concern the structure and the collisional behavior of atomic constituents. Although they are clearly of basic importance, their relevance to thermonuclear research was at first overlooked, at a time when most of the effort was concentrated on designing fusion devices and understanding macroscopic phenomena, mostly of an electromagnetic nature. At present. 552 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -Poly Chlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) are dielectric liquids which have been widely used in various industries for more than 50 years because of their supposed nonflammabi 1 i ty and thei r chemical inertness. Recent acc idents all over the world have shown PCBs can burn and their combustion by products (dioxines, furanes, etc.) are highly toxic. In fact, confusion has been created in the pub 1 ie mind between the dangers and hazards induced by PCBs themselves and those generated by their byproducts. Meanwhile, PCB pollution and toxicity is a major concern for regulating agencies, such as EPA in the United States and industry. Most Western countries now ban PCB production and strictly control their use. However, enormous amounts of PCB remain in use and their safe handling, destruction and replacement are heavy burdens for industrial users. PCB pollution and its side effects are the subject of various studies with recent conferences devoted to these PCB studies. Thus a large body of specialized information now exists on the environmental, medical, bio logical and safety aspects of PCB handling, use, cleaning and decontami nation. However, no single comprehensive publication is yet available which deals with all the problems associated with PCBs. The major objective of the present book is to provide such a guide for PCB users. One interest of this book is that it brings together the point of view of scientists from widely different backgrounds: biologists, physicians, environmentalists, toxicologists, chemists, electrical engineers, etc. 244 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book is an outcome of the NATO institute on surface modification which was held in Trevi, 1981. Surface modification and alloying by ion, electron or laser beams is proving to be one of the most burgeoning areas of materials science. The field covers such diverse areas as integrated circuit processing to fabricating wear and corrosion resistant surfaces on mechanical components. The common scientific questions of interest are the microstructures by the different energy deposition techniques. and associated physical properties produced The chapters constitute a critical review of the various subjects covered at Trevi. Each chapter author took responsibility for the overall review and used contributions from the many papers presented at the meeting; each participant gave a presentation. The contributors are listed at the start of each chapter. We took this approach to get some order in a large and diverse field. We are indebted to all the contributors, in particular the chapter authors for working the many papers into coherent packages; to Jim Mayer for hosting a workshop of chapter authors at Cornell and to Ian Bubb who did a sterling job in working over some of the manuscripts. Our special thanks are due to the text processing center at Bell Labs who took on the task of assembling the book. In particular Karen Lieb and Beverly Heravi typed the whole manuscript and had the entire book phototypeset using the Bell Laboratories UNIX(TM) system. 428 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -This book contains the transcripts of the lectures presented at the NATO Advanced Study Institute on 'Electrons in Finite and Infinite Structures,' held at the State University of Ghent, Belgium, August 30-September 11, 1976. Over the last few years substantial progress has been made in the description and the understanding of the behavior of electrons in extended bodies. This includes the study of the energy spectrum of electrons in large molecules, perfect as well as imperfect crys tals, and disordered alloys. Not only local potential techniques but also the many-body aspects are discussed in detail. As atomic, molecular, and solid state physics involve common techniques and insights, we believe that physicists and chemists active in these fields have benefited from these lectures and the interchange of ideas during the course. The aim of the Institute was to familiarize young scientists in the field with the current state of the art and to indicate in which areas advances may be expected in the near future. The A.S.I. consisted of two parts: detailed instructional and review lectures over the whole period and some evening sessions where the partici pants were offered the opportunity to present their own work and discuss their ideas with senior scientists. Since the Institute took place a few weeks after Prof. Dr. John C. Slater was suddenly taken from our scientific community, it was a great honor for us to dedicate this course, on behalf of the organizing committee, to the late John C. Slater. 452 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. This item is printed on demand - it takes 3-4 days longer - Neuware -The conference 'Nonlinear Optics and Optical Computing' was held May 11-19, 1988 in Erice, Sicily. This was the 13th conference organized by the International School of Quantum Electronics, under the auspices of the 'Ettore Majorana' Center for Scientific Culture. This volume contains both the invited and contributed papers presented at the conference, providing tutorial background, the latest research results, and future directions for the devices, structures and architectures of optical computing. The invention of the transistor and the integrated circuit were followed by an explosion of application as ever faster and more complex microelectronics chips became available. The information revolution occa sioned by digital computers and optical communications is now reaching the limits of silicon semiconductor technology, but the demand for faster com putation is still accelerating. The fundamental limitations of information processing today derive from the performance and cost of three technical factors: speed, density, and software. Optical computation offers the potential for improvements in all three of these critical areas: Speed is provided by the transmission of impulses at optical veloc ities, without the delays caused by parasitic capacitance in the case of conventional electrical interconnects. Speed can also be achieved through the massive parallelism characteristic of many optical computing architec tures; Density can be provided in optical computers in two ways: by high spatial resolution, on the order of wavelengths of light, and by computa tion or interconnection in three dimensions. 296 pp. Englisch.