springer nature apr 2018 (819 risultati)

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -The field of Experimental Mechanics has evolved substantially over the past 100 years. In the early years, the field was primarily comprised of applied physicists, civil engineers, railroad engineers, and mechanical engineers. The field defined itself by those who invented, developed, and refined experimental tools and techniques, based on the latest technologies available, to better understand the fundamental mechanics of materials and structures used to design many aspects of our everyday life. What the early experimental mechanician measured, observed, and evaluated were things like stress, strain, fracture, and fatigue, to name a few, which remain fundamental to the field today.This book guides you through a chronology of the formation of the Society for Experimental Mechanics, and its ensuing evolution. The Society was founded in 1935 by a very small group of individuals that understood the value of creating a common forum for people working in the field of Applied Mechanics of Solids, where extensive theoretical developments needed the input of experimental validation. A community of individuals whöthrough research, applications, sharp discussion of ideas¿could fulfill the needs of a nation rapidly evolving in the technological field. The founders defined, influenced, and grew the field of what we now call Experimental Mechanics. Written as a narrative, the author describes, based on input from numerous individuals and personal experiences, the evolution of the New England Photoelasticity Conference to what we know today as the Society for Experimental Mechanics (SEM). The narrative is the author's perspective that invites members of the Society to contribute to the story by adding names of individuals, institutions, and technologies that have defined the Society over the past 75 years.Many of the key individuals who greatly influenced the advancement of the field of Experimental Mechanics are mentioned. These individuals are, in many ways, the founders of the field who have written textbooks, brought their teaching leadership and experiences to the classroom, worked on the Apollo project, and invented testing, evaluation, and measurement equipment that have shaped the fields of engineering. SEM's international membership is highly represented by those in academia, as you will read, although there has always been a powerful balance and contribution from industry and research organizations across the globe.The role of the experimental mechanician is defined, in many ways, through the individual legacies shared in the following pages¿.legacies that define the past and create the foundation for what is now and what is to come.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 112 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This book is a comprehensive practical guide for account managers, sales teams and account leaders operating in the B2B space. It provides knowledge to excel in developing, growing and retaining top accounts in local and global environments. With a nuanced version of ¿account management¿ that will potentially be a game changer, the book offers a personnel-and-process based agenda that can create a ¿competitive advantage¿ on its own.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 240 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This book considers how emerging economies around the world face the challenge of building good institutions and effective governance, since so much of economic development depends on having these in place. The promotion of shared prosperity and the battle against poverty require interventions to reach out to the poor and the disadvantaged. Yet time and again we have seen such effort foild or diminished by corruption and leakage.The creation of good governance and institutions and structures to combat corruption require determination and passion but also intricate design rooted in data, analysis, and research. In this book, leading researchers from around the world bring to the table some of the best available ideas to help create better governance structures, design laws for corruption control, and nurture good institutions.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 424 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This book is designed to be used in an introductory sophomore-level undergraduate course in chemical engineering, civil engineering, industrial engineering, chemistry, and/or industrial chemistry. Senior-level students in resource development, soil science, and geology might also find this book useful. In addition, it is our hope that even advanced mathematics-oriented high school seniors might find the material easy to master as well.This book emphasizes concepts, definitions, chemical equations, and descriptions with which some chemical science professionals struggle. It stresses the importance of maintaining uniformly high standards in pure chemical science and manufacturing technology while still keeping in mind that procedures that might seem strange also yield results that prove effective.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 84 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This volume presents an elaborated version of lecture notes for two advanced courses: (Re)Emerging methods in Commutative Algebra and Representation Theory and Building Bridges Between Algebra and Topology, held at the CRM in the spring of 2015.Homological algebra is a rich and ubiquitous area; it is both an active field of research and a widespread toolbox for many mathematicians. Together, these notes introduce recent applications and interactions of homological methods in commutative algebra, representation theory and topology, narrowing the gap between specialists from different areas wishing to acquaint themselves with a rapidly growing field. The covered topics range from a fresh introduction to the growing area of support theory for triangulated categories to the striking consequences of the formulation in the homotopy theory of classical concepts in commutative algebra. Moreover, they also include a higher categories view of Hall algebras and an introduction to the use of idempotent functors in algebra and topology.Springer Basel AG in Springer Science + Business Media, Heidelberger Platz 3, 14197 Berlin 240 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This book contains the notes of the lectures delivered at an Advanced Course on Combinatorial Matrix Theory held at Centre de Recerca Matemàtica (CRM) in Barcelona. These notes correspond to five series of lectures. The first series is dedicated to the study of several matrix classes defined combinatorially, and was delivered by Richard A. Brualdi. The second one, given by Pauline van den Driessche, is concerned with the study of spectral properties of matrices with a given sign pattern. Dragan Stevanovi¿ delivered the third one, devoted to describing the spectral radius of a graph as a tool to provide bounds of parameters related with properties of a graph. The fourth lecture was delivered by Stephen Kirkland and is dedicated to the applications of the Group Inverse of the Laplacian matrix. The last one, given by Ángeles Carmona, focuses on boundary value problems on finite networks with special in-depth on the M-matrix inverse problem.Springer Basel AG in Springer Science + Business Media, Heidelberger Platz 3, 14197 Berlin 232 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This carefully written textbook offers a thorough introduction to abstract algebra, covering the fundamentals of groups, rings and fields.The first two chapters present preliminary topics such as properties of the integers and equivalence relations. The author then explores the first major algebraic structure, the group, progressing as far as the Sylow theorems and the classification of finite abelian groups. An introduction to ring theory follows, leading to a discussion of fields and polynomials that includes sections on splitting fields and the construction of finite fields. The final part contains applications to public key cryptography as well as classical straightedge and compass constructions.Explaining key topics at a gentle pace, this book is aimed at undergraduate students. It assumes no prior knowledge of the subject and contains over 500 exercises, half of which have detailed solutions provided.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 316 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 16th International Symposium on Web and Wireless Geographical Information Systems, W2GIS 2018, held in A Coruña, Spain, in May 2018. The 15 full papers included in the volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 20 submissions. They deal with theoretical, technical, and practical issues in the field of wireless and Internet technologies suited for the dissemination, usage, and processing of geo-referenced data.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 184 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed revised selected papers of the 18th International Symposium on Trends in Functional Programming, TFP 2017, held in Canterbury, UK, in June 2017. The 8 revised full papers were selected from 16 submissions and present papers in all aspects of functional programming, taking a broad view of current and future trends in the area.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 160 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -In May 1961, President John F. Kennedy committed the United States to landing a man on the moon before the end of the decade. With just a handful of years to pull it off, NASA authorized the Project Gemini space program, which gathered vital knowledge needed to achieve the nation¿s goal. This book introduces the crucial three-step test program employed by the Gemini system, covering:The short unmanned orbital flight of Gemini 1 that tested the compatibility of launch vehicle, spacecraft and ground systems.The unmanned suborbital flight of Gemini 2 to establish the integrity of the reentry system and protective heat shield.The three-orbit manned evaluation flight of Gemini 3, christened ¿Molly Brown¿ by her crew. A mission recalled orbit by orbit, using mission transcripts, post-flight reports and the astronauts¿ own account of their historic journey.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 360 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -The volume is the first to take a life-course approach to the study of domestic work in Italy. It provides a coherent and systemic overview of time spent on housework, childcare and adult care over the life course. While most previous research has focused on the time adult women and men spend on housework and the division of domestic chores among partners, this unique contribution studies the amount of time spent on chores by Italians in different phases of the life course. It addresses relevant aspects often neglected in time use studies, such as the socialization to domestic chores among children, teenagers and young adults living in the parental home and the reproduction of gender inequalities in housework at later stages of the life course.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 156 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This monograph is devoted to the study of spear operators, that is, bounded linear operators G between Banach spaces X and Y satisfying that for every other bounded linear operator T:X ¿ Y there exists a modulus-one scalar ¿ such thatSpringer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 184 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -Thisbook addresses issues concerning the shifting contemporary meaning of legalcertainty. The book focuses on exploring the emerging tensions that existbetween the demand for legal certainty and the challenges of regulatingcomplex, late modern societies. The book is divided into two parts: the firstpart focusing on debates around legal certainty at the national level, with aprimary emphasis on criminal law; and the second part focusing on debates atthe transnational level, with a primary emphasis on the regulation oftransnational commercial transactions.Inthe context of legal modernity, the principle of legal certainty¿the idea thatthe law must be sufficiently clear to provide those subject to legal norms withthe means to regulate their own conduct and to protect against the arbitraryuse of public power¿has operated as a foundational rule of law value. Eventhough it has not always been fully realized, legal certainty has functioned asa core value and aspiration that has structured normative debates throughoutpolitical modernity, both at a national and international level.Inrecent decades, however, legal certainty has come under increasing pressurefrom a number of competing demands that are made of contemporary law, inparticular the demand that the law be more flexible and responsive to a socialenvironment characterized by rapid social and technological change. Theexpectation that the law operates in new transnational contexts and regulatesevery widening sphere of social life has created a new degree of uncertaintyand this change raises difficult questions regarding both the possibility anddesirability of legal certainty.This book compiles, in one edited volume, research from a range ofsubstantive areas of civil and criminal law that shares a common interest inunderstanding the multi-layered challenges of defining legal certainty in alate modern society. The book will be of interest both to lawyers interested inunderstanding the transformation of core rule of law values in the context ofcontemporary social change and to political scientists and social theorists.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 204 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This book is an ethnographic work that uses a critical medical anthropology approach to examine the concept of fever care in the context of southern India. Through a study of fevers, the study provides a critical overview to medical practice itself, as it is said that the history of fevers is also the history of medicine. This association between fevers and medicine is as relevant today, as this in-depth study of fever care reveals. Acknowledging the central role of health institutions in creating and propagating notions about illness in society, the author examines fever care through a study of hospitals.The study examines various discourses on fevers prevalent in the southern state of Kerala, which influence policy and programmatic dimensions of the state health services system. Fever care implies those aspects related to provisioning and cost involved among public and private sector hospitals. A second and more important dimension of this book is a critique of the culture of biomedical practice, informed by the social constructivist framework and approaches in the field of science studies. Overall, the book studies the processes by which physical symptoms like fever are treated as epidemics to be controlled, and are therefore brought within a biomedical system, thereby opening up options for commercialization of care.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 196 pp. Englisch.

Buch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This book analyses the relations between Indonesia and China in the regional dynamics of Southeast Asia. The rising China has influenced global and regional constellations, and also has direct impacts for Indonesia. While this fact should be viewed as an opportunity that needs to be fully utilised for the benefit of national development of Indonesia, we should also prepare for the threats embedded in this development, especially from the service and labour sectors. As such, this book suggests that equal positions in relations between Indonesia and China are absolutely necessary, since both countries need each other in their efforts to maintain the continuity of their development. It also argues that to further strengthen its position in relation to China in the future, Indonesia's diplomacy requires an integrated grand design that supports the creation of economic and political power in the face of the emergence of China's economic and military power.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 112 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This book instructs postgraduate trainees inophthalmology on the basic methodology required to perform intraocular surgery.The text is written clearly and concisely, investigating basic surgical skillsfor the eye to facilitate the training process. The subject material of eachchapter has been carefully chosen to explain separate conceptual areas insurgery to allow easy understanding and rapid attainment of knowledge. Theconcepts can be transferred from one surgical method to another, giving thereader the flexibility to adapt to new methods quickly.Intraocular Surgery - A Basic Surgical Guide provides variousinsights to allow the development of a thoughtful and considered approach tosurgery. It encourages the reader to more intelligently scrutinize whichsurgical methods to apply, and to utilize the most effective procedures inclinical practice. After reading thisbook, the reader will be well-equipped to perform the simple steps of surgeryimproving the overall quality of surgery.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 180 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This book develops a dynamical model of the orbital motion of Lorentz spacecraft in both unperturbed and J2-perturbed environments. It explicitly discusses three kinds of typical space missions involving relative orbital control: spacecraft hovering, rendezvous, and formation flying. Subsequently, it puts forward designs for both open-loop and closed-loop control schemes propelled or augmented by the geomagnetic Lorentz force. These control schemes are entirely novel and represent a significantly departure from previous approaches.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 160 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This book constitutes the proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Decision Support Systems, ICDSST 2018, held in Heraklion, Greece, in May 2018. The main topic of this year¿s conference was ¿Sustainable Data-Driven and Evidence Based Decision Support¿. The 15 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 71 submissions. They were organized in topical sections named: decision support systems for a sustainable society; decision support systems serving the public; decision support systems in management and organization; and advances in decision support systems¿ technologies and methods.The EWG-DSS series of International Conference on Decision Support System Technology (ICDSST), starting with ICDSST 2015 in Belgrade, were planned to consolidate the tradition of annual events organized by the EWG-DSS in offering a platform for European and international DSS communities, comprising the academic and industrial sectors, to present state-of-the-art DSS research and developments, to discuss current challenges that surround decision-making processes, to exchange ideas about realistic and innovative solutions, and to co-develop potential business opportunities.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 212 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This book constitutes the proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference on Research in Computational Molecular Biology, RECOMB 2018, held in Paris, France, in April 2018.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 312 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This open access book constitutes the proceedings of the 7th International Conference on Principles of Security and Trust, POST 2018, which took place in Thessaloniki, Greece, in April 2018, held as part of the European Joint Conference on Theory and Practice of Software, ETAPS 2018.The 13 papers presented in this volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 45 submissions. The papers are organized in topical sections named: information flow and non-intereference; leakage, information flow, and protocols; smart contracts and privacy; firewalls and attack-defense trees.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 364 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed workshop post-proceedings of the 15th International Workshop on Approximation and Online Algorithms, WAOA 2017, held in Vienna, Austria, in September 2017 as part of ALGO 2017.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 340 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This book constitutes the refereed post-conference proceedings of the 21st Annual Simulation Technology and Training Conference, SimTecT 2016, and the 47th International Simulation and Gaming Association Conference, ISAGA 2016, Held as Part of the First Australasian Simulation Congress, ASC 2016, held in Melbourne, VIC, Australia, in September 2016. The 28 revised full papers included in the volume were carefully reviewed and selected from 55 submissions. They are organized in the following topical sections: Making the grade; Come to think of it; From here to fidelity; The name of the game; and Ahead of the game.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 424 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This book is aimed at readers and researchers who are interested in Chinese garden architecture, the rise and fall of Yuanming Yuan and the history of the Qing dynasty. It is the first comprehensive study of the palatial garden complex in a Western language, and is amply illustrated with photographs and original drawings. Young-tsu Wong¿s engaging writing style brings 'the garden of perfect brightness' to life as he leads readers on a grand tour of its architecture and history.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 236 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This book demonstrates the benefits of applying a new interdisciplinary approach that combines global change and human mobility. The term 'globility' was coined in the year 2000 when the commission with the same name was created by the International Geographical Union with the purpose of theorizing about and asserting the concept of human mobility.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 360 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -¿This work carefully guides the reader through the methodological, policy and ethical challenges facing health economists conducting research in palliative care. It has collected the opinions of many cutting-edge researchers. Those who design and conduct economic evaluations or economics-related research in end of life populations will find this book thought provoking, instructive and informative.The provision of care to individuals with disorders associated with advancing age, such as cancer and dementia, is an increasing concern amongst policy makers and providers of health and social care. Accordingly, the burden on state and private funders in providing care to patients with these complex illnesses is of growing importance to health economists. However, answering the questions raised by the research community on end of life and palliative care health economics has received little attention. The authors shed light on many questions including: Are economic evaluation methods fit for purpose in patients at the end of life What is the best way to measure and value health outcomes in this population What are the appropriate societal rules to govern resource allocation for people at the end of life Are these people more or less deserving of resources than other patients Does age matter How can we define a good death for the purposes of resource allocation decision making What ethics govern research in end of life patients Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 220 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -The book provides a comprehensive and practical overview of arbitration in the People¿s Republic of China. The process of arbitrating a dispute is described from the perspective of a non-Chinese individual or business. Readers are guided through the typical course of events in an arbitration process. By avoiding both excessive technicality and undue simplification, the book appeals to both law professionals and business managers, and is useful for practitioners and non-experts alike. Recent developments in Chinese law on the matter, up to the first quarter of 2015, has been taken into account in order to provide readers with a pragmatic, up-to-date presentation of the topic. For the same reasons, illustrative reference is made to the Shanghai FTZ Arbitration Rules. The relevant provisions are noted throughout the text; the three appendices at the end of the book allow for easy referencing of the main legislation and regulations. The appendices include English versions of the most important PRC Statutes and Interpretations of Statutes on arbitration, the Arbitration Rules of the main Chinese arbitration institutions and the official Model Arbitration Clauses suggested by those institutions.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 224 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This important and topical volume is composed around the debt and migration crisis in Europe in 2015 (known as the Greece crisis), and written almost concurrently as the two crises developed in quick succession. The central argument here is that Europe¿s present crisis suggests a post-colonial bind, or to put in stronger terms, a post-colonial destiny of Europe. The European situation bears remarkable similarity with the post-colonial condition elsewhere in the world and suggests a strong bond between Europe¿s present situation and the post-colonial bind in which much of the world finds itself. The purpose of this volume is to examine in the light of 21st century capitalism notions such as debt, crisis, rupture, dialogue, mobilization, neo-liberalism, war and migration, and the old, never to be settled, question of ideology. The volume ends with reflections on Europe¿s migration crisis, and reinforces the point that a critical post-colonial sense of history, accumulation, globalization, and the resilience of the nation form will help us reflect on the present European crisis, and draw appropriate lessons.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 176 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -This book clarifies the mechanisms of economicglobalization in changing industries¿ locations and shows how industries¿ locations have changedthrough those mechanisms. First, the book deals with the retailing industry.Introducing the concept of a contactprice into the market area analysis, it is shown in Part I that retailers¿market areas and prices are changed in different ways by a reduction oftransportation costs. The mechanism of these changes is explained by checkingthe contact prices at apexes of the retailers¿ market areas. Then the book movesto the manufacturing industry and deals with a firm¿s production process. Part IIof the book shows the manner in which the production volume of factories withinan agglomeration is decreased as the number of factories within theagglomeration increases. Subsequently, considering the fact that many productionfactories depart from agglomerations to other sites to reduce production costsa method of searching for a factory¿s new site is proposed in which a firm can seekout an optimal location of a factory in a short period of time. By referring toa chaotic phenomenon, a firm sets a locationprospective area in a large geographical area and selects an optimallocation within that area. In the third part of the book the city system is thefocus. Part III elucidates the theoretical formation of a city system andanalyzes structural changes of a city system due to a reduction oftransportation costs. The mechanism of the change is explained by a flexible market area theory which studiesa city system by using the market areas established in the free-entry equilibrium.Then, the economic relationships between the cities within a city system areexamined from the point of view of the land rent in the cities¿ areas. Thisanalysis shows the influences of a change in the largest city on other cities. Finallythe relationships between a city system and regional performance are examinedusing real data.The examination shows that the city system reveals the regionalperformance.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 168 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -The book is also addressed to philosophers of social sciences interested in how experimental methods can contribute to developing cognition of human behaviors and be extended to social theories. Referring to behavioral theorists in the history of economic thought, the author discusses the meanings of experiments in the methodology of social sciences. She also proposes new ways of interpreting experimental results by reviving historic social theories and applying them to actual social problems.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 180 pp. Englisch.

Taschenbuch. Condizione: Neu. Neuware -The book examines innovation in environment-friendly technologies in the automobile industry. The focus of the book are Germany (a technology leader in the globalautomobile industry), on the one hand, and India, China and Brazil (technologicallyproficient emergingtechnology leaders) on the other hand. Patents have been used as a metric to measure and understand innovation. The book traces the evolution of regulatory standards in theautomobileindustry, relies on a unique patent dataset, and draws on a number of interviews conducted with regulators and engineers to get a better picture of how environmental policies and standards, including emission norms and fuel requirements, havedeveloped overtime and now the industry has responded.The book¿s core argument is that technological innovation is what has driven the industry in the past 125 years, but, at the same time, the industry has created problems and faced controversies with regard to its path dependency on carbon-intensivetechnologies. As a result, we have witnessed growing role of environmental regulators inensuringthat thegrowth path of theautomobile industry, a powerhouse of growth of several economies, is aligned with the larger goals of addressing climate change and energy concerns.Against the backdrop of the emergence of Brazil, China and India in the global economy, the book focuses on the developments in these three countries, and draws parallels with Germany, which benefited from first mover advantage in technology and a substantial head-start in implementing cogent environmental policies. A standardized International Patent Classification (IPC) systemhas been used to, first, construct an index of regulatory stringency, based onregulations that came about between 1985 and 2010; and second, constructa unique cross-country weighted patent datasetfor technologies invented in thepast two and a half decades.Springer Verlag GmbH, Tiergartenstr. 17, 69121 Heidelberg 128 pp. Englisch.