Understanding Statistics - Brossura

Naiman, Arnold; Zirkel, Gene; Rosenfeld, Robert

 
9780070459151: Understanding Statistics

Sinossi

This brief, 2-color softcover text is a thorough but lighthearted introduction to the basics of statistics. The authors stress what statistics is used for, with a well organized approach rooted in concrete examples. They do a superior job of explaining the structure of a hypothesis test, by presenting a consistent approach and stressing the relationship between sample and population throughout the text.

Le informazioni nella sezione "Riassunto" possono far riferimento a edizioni diverse di questo titolo.

Contenuti

PREFACE

CHAPTER 1: Introduction

1-1 Statistics in Everyday Life

1-2 Some Statistical Terms

1-3 Approximate Numbers

Study Aids

Chapter Summary

Vocabulary

Exercises

Class Survey

Class Survey Questions

Field Projects

Class Experiments

CHAPTER 2: Common Statistical Measures

2-1 Measures of Central Tendency

2-2 Symbols and Formulas

Exercises

2-3 Measures of Variability

2-3-1The Range

2-3-2 The Standard Deviation

2-3-3 Formulas

Exercises

2-4 Some Measures of an Individual in a Population

2-4-1 z-Scores

2-4-2 Percentile Rank and Percentiles

2-4-3 Quartiles

Exercises

2-5 Rates

Study Aids

Chapter Summary

Vocabulary

Symbols

Formulas

Exercises

Class Survey Questions

Field Projects

Class Experiment

CHAPTER 3: Frequency Tables and Graphs

Goals

3-1 Organizing the Data

3-1-1 Stem-and-Leaf Display

3-1-2 Frequency Tables

3-1-3 Bar Graphs and Histograms

3-1-4 Reading Histrograms

3-2 Percentile Rank, z-Scores and Graphs

Study Aids

Chapter Summary

Symbols

Formulas

Exercises

Class Survey Questions

Field Projects

Class Experiments

Sample Test for Chapters 1, 2, and 3

CHAPTER 4: Probability

Goals

4-1 Probability

4-2 Probability and Histograms

Study Aids

Chapter Summary

Symbols

Formulas

Exercises

Class Survey Questions

Field Projects

CHAPTER 5: The Binomial Distribution

5-1 Variables

5-2 Binomial Random Variables

Study Aids

Chapter Summary

Symbols

Exercises

Class Survey Questions

Class Experiments

5-3 Binomial Probability Tables

CHAPTER 6: The Normal Distribution

Goals

6-1 Binomial Histograms

6-2 The Theoretical Normal Curve

6-2-1 Use of the Normal Curve Table

6-2-2 The Normal Curve Table and Raw Scores

Study Aids

Chapter Summary

Vocabulary

Symbols

Exercises

Class Survey Questions

Class Experiments

CHAPTER 7: Approximation of the Binomial Distribution by Use of the Normal Distribution

Goals

7-1 The Normal Approximation to the Binomial Distribution

7-2 Conditions for Approximating a Binomial Distribution by Use of a Normal Distribution

Study Aids

Chapter Summary

Symbols

Formulas

Exercises

Class Survey Questions

Field Project

Class Experiments

Sample Test for Chapters 4, 5, 6, and 7

CHAPTER 8: Hypothesis Testing: One-Sample Test of Percentages in Binomial Experiments

Goals

8-1 Statistical Hypotheses

8-1-1 Testing the Null Hypothesis

8-1-2 One-Trail and Two-Tail Alternative Hypotheses

8-1-3 Decision Rules

8-2 Statistical Errors

Exercises

8-3 More about Type I Errors and Decision Rules

Exercises

8-4 More about Type II Errors (Optional)

8-4-1 Calculating a Value for B for a Given p

8-4-2 The Power of a Test

Exercises

8-5 Hypothesis - Testing Procedures

Study Aids

Chapter Summary

Vocabulary

Symbols

Formulas

Exercises

A Brief Summary of a Hypothesis Test

Exercises

Class Survey Questions

Field Projects

Example of a Field Project

Solution for This Project

Suggested Projects

CHAPTER 9: Hypothesis Testing: Two-Sample Tests of Percentages in Binomial Experiments

Goals

9-1 Symbols for Estimates

9-2 A Distribution of Differences

9-3 Two-Sample Binomial Hypotheses Tests

Study Aids

Chapter Summary

Symbols

Formulas

Exercises

Class Survey Question

Field Projects

Example of a Two-Sample Binomial Field Project

CHAPTER 10: Hypothesis Testing with Sample Means: Large Samples

Goals

10-1 Sample Means

10-1-1 Theoretical Distribution of Sample Means

10-1-2 Central Limit Theorem

10-1-3 Estimating the Standard Deviation of a Distribution of Sample Means

Exercises

10-2 Two-Sample Tests of Means - Large Samples

Study Aids

Chapter Summary

Vocabulary

Symbols

Formulas

Exercises

Class Survey Questions

Field Projects

Class Experiments

CHAPTER 11: Hypothesis Testing with Sample Means: Small Samples

Goals

11-1 Student's t-Distribution

Exercises

11-2 Two-Sample t-Tests

Exercises

11-3 A t-Test for Paired Differences, Matched-Pair Designs

Study Aids

Chapter Summary

Vocabulary

Symbols

Formulas

Exercises

Class Survey Question

Field Project

Class Experiment

Sample Test for Chapters 8, 9, 10, and 11

CHAPTER 12: Confidence Intervals

Goals

12-1 Confidence Intervals for Proportions in Binomial Experiments

Exercises

12-2 Confidence Intervals for Means Based on Large-Samples

Exercises

12-3 Confidence Intervals for Means Based on Small-Samples

Exercises

12-4 Two-Sample Confidence Intervals for Differences

12-4-1 Differences between Two Proportions

12-4-2 Differences between Two Means

Study Aids

Chapter Summary

Vocabulary

Formulas

Exercises

Class Survey Question

Field Projects

CHAPTER 13: Chi Square

Goals

13-1 Chi Square Tests of Independence

13-2 Degrees of Freedom in a Contingency Table

13-3 A Shorter Way to Compute X 2

13-4 2 by 2 Contingency Tables

13-5 Goodness of Fit Test

Study Aids

Chapter Summary

Guidelines for a Chi-Square Test

Vocabulary

Symbols

Formulas

Exercises

Class Survey Questions

Field Projects

Sample Test For Chapters 12 and 13

CHAPTER 14: Correlation and Prediction

Goals

14-1 Correlation Coefficients

Exercises

14-2 Testing the Significance of r

Exercises

14-3 Prediction Based on Linear Correlation

14-3-1 Interpretation of b

14-4 The Coefficient of Determination

Study Aids

Chapter Summary

Vocabulary

Symbols

Formulas

Exercises

Class Survey Questions

Field Project

Class Experiments

CHAPTER 15: Tests Involving Variance

Goals

Introduction

15-1 One-Sample Tests of Variance

15-2 Two-Sample Comparisons of Variance (via the F-test)

15-2-1 One-Tail Tests for Comparison of Variance

15-2-2 Two-Tail Tests for Comparison of Variance

15-3 Using Sample Variances to Make Inferences About Means - An Introduction to the Analysis of Variance

Study Aids

Chapter Summary

Vocabulary

Symbols

Formulas

Exercises

Class Survey Question

Field Projects

CHAPTER 16: Nonparametric Tests

Goals

16-1 The Sign Test for Matched Pairs of Data

Exercises

16-2 The Runs Test for Randomness

Exercises

16-3 The Mann-Whitney U-Test for Comparison of Ranks

16-3-1 Small-Sample, One-Tail Tests

16-3-2 Small-Sample, Two-Tail Tests

16-3-3 Large-Sample Tests

16-3-4 The Case of Ties

Study Aids

Chapter Summary

Vocabulary

Symbols

Formulas

Exercises

Class Survey Questions

Field Project

Sample Test for Chapters 14, 15, and 16

APPENDICES

A Arithmetic Review

B Using A Random Digit Table

C Probability

D Tables

ANSWERS

INDEX

Product Description

Book by Naiman Arnold Zirkel Gene Rosenfeld Robert

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