Aims of Argument: Text and Reader, 2003 MLA Update - Brossura

Crusius, Timothy; Channell, Carolyn

Brossura

ISBN 10: 0072948353 ISBN 13: 9780072948356

Casa editrice: McGraw-Hill Higher Education, 2003

Riassunto

The Aims of Argument is a process-oriented introduction to argumentation with unique coverage of the aims, or purposes, of argument – to inquire, to convince, to persuade, and to mediate. In contrast to other approaches, the focus on aims provides rhetorical context that helps students write, as well as read, arguments.

The MLA Update version reflects the most current format of the Modern Language Association documentation style.

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Contenuti

*Indicates that the reading selection is new to this edition

PART ONE, Resources for Reading and Writing Arguments

Chapter One, Understanding Argument

What Is Argument?

What Is Rhetoric?

An Example of Argument

Discussion of “You Have a Right…”

Four Criteria of Mature Reasoning

What Are the Aims of Argument?

Where are the Aims of Argument Used?

A Good Tool for Understanding and Writing Arguments: The Writer’s Notebook

Why Keep a Notebook?

Notebook Options

Keeping a Print Notebook

Keeping an Electronic Notebook

Ways of Using a Notebook

Chapter Two, Reading An Argument

The First Encounter: Seeing the Whole Text in Context

The Second Encounter: Reading and Analyzing the Text

Wrestling With Difficult Passages

Using Paraphrase to Aid Comprehension

Analyzing the Reasoning of an Argument

The Third Encounter: Responding Critically to an Argument

Chapter Three, Analyzing Arguments: A Simplified Toulmin Method

A Preliminary Critical Reading

A Step-by-Step Demonstration of the Toulmin Method

Find the Exceptions

Analyzing the Reasons

List the Reasons

Examine the Reasons

Analyzing Evidence

Noting Refutations

Summarizing Your Analysis

A Final Note about Logical Analysis

Chapter Four, Reading and Writing about Visual Arguments Understanding Visual Arguments

“Reading” Images

Analysis: Five Common Types of Visual Arguments

[FOUR-COLOR Visual Argument INSERT]

Chapter Five, Writing Research-Based Arguments

Finding an Issue

Understand That an Issue Is More Than Just a Topic

Keep Abreast of Current Events

Research the News

Research Your Library’s Periodicals Indexes

Inquire into the Issue

Finding Sources

Field Research

Library and Online Research

Internet Research

Evaluating Sources

Eliminate Inappropriate Sources

Carefully Record Complete Bibliographic Information

Read the Source Critically

Inquire into the Source

Consider How You Might Use the Source

Using Sources

Taking Notes

Suggestions for Taking Notes

Paraphrasing

Summarizing

Creating an Annotated Bibliography

Incorporating and Documenting Source Material in the Text of Your Argument

Different Styles of Documentation

Instructions for Using MLA and APA Style

Direct Quotations

Indirect Quotations

Creating a Works-Cited or Reference List

PART TWO, The Aims of Argument

Chapter Six, Looking for Some Truth: Arguing to Inquire

Inquiry and Interpretation in Academic Writing

The Writing Project: Exploratory Essay, Part One

Conversations and Dialogue in Inquiry

Inquiry Again: Digging Deeper

The Writing Project: Part Two

The Writing Project: Part Three

After Drafting Your Essay

Inquiry: Summing Up the Aim

Chapter Seven, Making Your Case: Arguing to Convince

The Nature of Convincing: Structure and Strategy

Case Structure

Case Strategy

Thinking about Audience

Formulating the Thesis

Choosing Reasons

Arranging Reasons

Using Evidence

Introducing and Concluding the Argument

The Process of Writing a Convincing Argument

Chapter Eight, Motivating Action: Arguing to Persuade

When to Convince and When to Persuade: A Matter of Emphasis: Reading a Persuasive Essay

Principles

Using the Forms of Appeal

The Process of Writing a Persuasive Essay

Chapter Nine, Resolving Conflict: Arguing to Negotiate and Mediate

Resolving Conflict and the Other Aims of Argument

The Process of Negotiation and Mediation

Understanding the Spirit of Negotiation and Mediation

Understanding the Opposing Positions

Defining the Problem in Terms of the Real Interests

Inventing Creative Options

Gathering More Data

Reaching a Solution Based on Agreed-upon Principles

The Mediatory Essay

Analyzing a Mediatory Essay

The Process of Writing a Mediatory Essay

Part Three, Two Case Books for Argument

Chapter Ten, Casebook on 09/11/01 and After: Coping With Terrorism

Getting Oriented

* Photographs

I. Recalling the Attack

* TIMOTHY TOWNSEND, At Ground Zero: The First Hours

* KEN KESEY, The Real War

* RESHMA MEMON YAQUB, You People Did This

* Photograph, Author and Son

II. Getting Informed

A. General Information

* STEPHEN ZUNES, 10 Things to Know About the Middle East

* PAUL WILKINSON, Types of Terrorism

B. Impact on the United States

* MATTHEW COOPER et al., A Clear and Present Danger

* STEVEN LEVY, Technology: A High-Tech Homefront

C. Understanding Terrorism

* JIM LANDERS, The Roots of Conflict

* Dallas Morning News, Regional Maps and Timeline

* JIM LANDERS, Bin Laden Allies Want Islamic Unity

* Dallas Morning News, Mapping Sponsors of Terrorism

* GREGG JONES, Cradle of a Holy War

* Agence France-Presse, News Photograph

* Associated Press, News Photograph

* JERROLD M. POST, Terrorist Psycho-Logic: Terrorist Behavior as a Product of Psychological Forces

D. Conclusion: The Future of Terrorism?

* PAUL WILKINSON, Analysis of Terrorist Weapons and the Liberal State Response

III. Assessing and Responding to Interpretations and Arguments

A. Initial Readings of 9/11

* from “Talk of the Town,” The New Yorker (9/24/01)

Hendrik Hertzberg

John Updike

Aharon Appelfeld

Susan Sontag

* JOHN D. FRENCH, Beyond Words, Without Words, and Finding Words: Responding to the Catastrophe

B. Arguments: Right and Left

* JOHN O’SULLIVAN, Their Amerika: The Song of the Counter-Tribalists

* WILLIAM BENNETT, America Was Attacked Because It Is Good

* STANLEY FISH, Condemnation Without Absolutes

* CHALMERS JOHNSON, Blowback

C. A Conflict of Cultures?

* SAMUEL P. HUNTINGTON, The Clash of Civilizations?

* EDWARD W. SAID, The Clash of Ignorance

D. Conclusion: Two Philosophical Interpretations

* CHARLES KRAUTHAMMER, The Enemy Is Not Islam: It Is Nihilism

* JAMES ATLAS, Among the Lost: Illusions of Immortality Terrorism: For Further Reading and Research

Chapter 11, Casebook on Marriage and Family: Responding to a Changing Institution

Getting Oriented: Then and Now, Ideal and Real

* Photographs

I. Facts About Families

* SUZANNE M. BIANCHI and LYNNE M. CASPER, American Families

ARLENE SKOLNICK, The Paradox of Perfection

II. Love and Marriage

* LINDA WAITE and MAGGIE GALLAGHER, Happily Ever After?

* LAURA KIPNIS, Against Love

Couples Eating and Drinking, Photo Essay

TOM CHENEY, Cartoon

* NORAH VINCENT, What Is This Thing Called Love?

* ETHAN WATTERS, In My Tribe

The Author and His Tribe at Play, Photograph

III. The Divorce Debate

BARBARA DAFOE WHITEHEAD, The Making of a Divorce Culture

STEPHANIE COONTZ, The Future of Marriage

* PATRICK F. FAGAN and ROBERT RECTOR, The Effects of Divorce on America

* BARBARA EHRENREICH, In Defense of Splitting Up

* WILLIAM JELANI COBB, Alone

* DIANA JEAN SCHEMO, In Covenant Marriage, Forging Ties That Bind Two “Wedding” Days, Photographs

IV. The Changing Family

MIDGE DECTER, The Madness of the American Family

BETTY HOLCOMB, Families Are Changing - For the Better

DAVID POPENOE, A World without Fathers

* LOUISE B. SILVERSTEIN and CARL F. AUERBACH, The Myth of the “Normal” Family

* BARBARA LEBEY, American Families Are Drifting Apart

* PAM HOUSTON, Creating Your Own

Marriage and Family: For Further Reading and Research

Part Four, Readings: Issues and Arguments

Chapter 12, Feminism: Evaluating the Effects of Gender Roles

CASSANDRA LANGER, What Is Feminism?

KIRK ANDERSON, Cartoon

*BETTY FRIEDAN, The Problem That Has No Name

*SUZANNE FIELDS, Mission No Longer Impossible - Or Is It?

*B. SMALLER, Cartoon

*JOAN WILLIAMS, Reconstructive Feminism

*GARY TRUDEAU, Cartoon

KATIE ROIPHE, The Independent Woman (and Other Lies)

*ANNE ROIPHE, A Real Mother in the Modern World

NAOMI WOLF, The Beauty Myth

Lawman Jeans, A Magazine Advertisement for Women’s Jeans

*KATHA POLLITT, Women’s Rights: As the World Turns

Chapter 13, Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Rights: Responding to Homophobia

JEFFREY NICKEL, Everybody's Threatened by Homophobia

PETE HAMILL, Confessions of a Heterosexual

GARY TRUDEAU, Cartoon

PETER J. GOMES, Homophobic? Reread Your Bible

JONATHAN ALTER, Degrees of Discomfort

JONATHAN RAUCH, Beyond Oppression

TONIA A. H. McNARON, In or Out in the Classroom?

Chapter 14, The News and Ethics: Reading Journalism Today

JACK FULLER, What Is News?

MICHAEL SCHUDSON, In All Fairness

JIM SQUIRES, The Impossibility of Fairness

MIKE TWOHY, Cartoon

W. LANCE BENNETT, Escaping the News Prison: How People See Beyond the Walls

JAMES FALLOWS, Public Journalism: An Attempt to Connect the Media with the Public

Chapter 15, Liberal Education and Contemporary Culture: What Should Undergraduates Learn?

ARTHUR LEVINE and JEANETTE S. CURETON, College Life: An Obituary

LOIS BERNSTEIN, Photograph

MARK EDMUNDSO...

Product Description

Book by Crusius Timothy Channell Carolyn

Dettagli dell?edizione

• Editore: McGraw-Hill Higher Education
• Data di pubblicazione: 2003
• ISBN 10: 0072948353
• ISBN 13: 9780072948356
• Rilegatura: Copertina flessibile
• Lingua: Inglese
• Numero edizione: 4
• Numero di pagine: 894
• Contatto del produttore: non disponibile