Exploring Writing: Sentences and Paragraphs - Brossura

Langan, John

Brossura

ISBN 10: 0073533343 ISBN 13: 9780073533346

Casa editrice: McGraw-Hill Education, 2012

Riassunto

 Exploring Writing emphasizes personalized learning.  Powered by Connect Writing, students gain access to an adaptive personalized learning plan which helps them become more aware of what they already know and what they need to practice.

Su questo libro

L'autore:

John Langan has taught reading and writing at Atlantic Cape Community College for more than 25 years. The author of a popular series of college textbooks on both writing and reading, John enjoys the challenge of developing instructive materials that are clear and lively. Before teaching, he earned advanced degrees in writing at Rutgers University and in reading at Rowan University. He also spent a year writing fiction that is now at the back of a drawer waiting to be discovered and acclaimed posthumously. While in school, he supported himself by working as a truck driver, a machinist, a battery assembler, a hospital attendant, and an apple packer. In addition to his wife and Philly sports teams, his passions include reading and conveying to nonreaders the pleasure and power of books. Through Townsend Press, his educational publishing company, he has developed the nonprofit Townsend Librarya collection of more than 100 new and classic stories that appeal to readers of any age.

Contenuti:

EXPLORING WRITING: SENTENCES AND PARAGRAPHS, 3/e

By John Langan

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PREFACE xx

PART ONE WRITING: SKILLS AND PROCESS 2

1. An Introduction to Writing 4

Understanding Point and Support 5

An Important Difference Between Writing and Talking 5

Point and Support in Two Cartoons 6

Point and Support in a Paragraph 8

Writing as a Skill 10

Why Does Your Attitude toward Writing Matter? 10

Writing as a Process of Discovery 12

Keeping a Journal 13

2. The Writing Process 16

How Do You Reach the Goals of Effective Writing? 17

Prewriting 17

Technique 1: Freewriting 17

Technique 2: Questioning 20

Technique 3: Making a List 21

Technique 4: Clustering 22

Technique 5: Preparing a Scratch Outline 23

Writing a First Draft 25

Writing a First Draft: A Student Model 25

Revising 27

Revising: A Student Model 28

Editing and Proofreading 29

Editing Tips 30

Proofreading Tips 30

Editing and Proofreading: A Student Model 31

Tips on Using a Computer 32

Using a Computer at Each Stage of the Writing Process 33

Using Peer Review 35

1. Identification 35

2. Scratch Outline 35

3. Comments 36

Review Activities 36

Prewriting 37

Outlining, Drafting, and Revising 37

Taking a Writing Inventory 39

Chapter Review 40

PART TWO WRITING EFFECTIVE PARAGRAPHS 44

3.Four Steps for Writing, Four Bases for Revising 46

What Are The Steps to Writing Effective Paragraphs? 47

Step 1: Make a Point 47

Step 2: Support Your Point 50

Step 3: Organize the Support 67

Step 4: Write Clear, Error-Free Sentences 73

Four Bases for Revising Writing 73

Base 1: Unity 73

Base 2: Support 74

Base 3: Coherence 76

Base 4: Sentence Skills 77

4. Nine Patterns of Paragraph Development 85

Important Considerations in Paragraph Development 86

Knowing Your Subject 86

Knowing Your Purpose and Audience 86

Patterns of Development 87

Exemplification 88

A Paragraph to Consider 89

Writing an Exemplification Paragraph 90

Description 92

A Paragraph to Consider 92

Writing a Descriptive Paragraph 93

Narration 97

A Paragraph to Consider 97

Writing a Narrative Paragraph 98

Process 100

A Paragraph to Consider 100

Writing a Process Paragraph 101

Cause and Effect 104

A Paragraph to Consider 105

Writing a Cause-and-Effect Paragraph 106

Comparison or Contrast 108

Two Paragraphs to Consider 108

Writing a Comparison or Contrast Paragraph 110

Definition 113

A Paragraph to Consider 113

Writing a Definition Paragraph 114

Division-Classification 116

A Paragraph to Consider 116

Writing a Division-Classification Paragraph 118

Argument 120

A Paragraph to Consider 120

Writing an Argument Paragraph 121

5. Moving From Paragraph to Essay 125

What Is an Essay? 126

Differences between an Essay and a Paragraph 126

The Form of an Essay 126

A Model Essay 127

Important Points about the Essay 128

Introductory Paragraph 128

Supporting Paragraphs 130

Transitional Sentences 130

Concluding Paragraphs 131

Essays to Consider 131

Planning the Essay 134

Outlining the Essay 134

Form for Planning the Essay 135

Practice in Writing the Essay 135

Understanding the Two Parts of a Thesis Statement 135

Supporting the Thesis with Specific Evidence 136

Identifying Introductions 138

Revising an Essay for All Four Bases: Unity, Support, Coherence,and Sentence Skills 139

Essay Assignments 141

PART THREE SENTENCE SKILLS 150

SECTION 1: SENTENCES 152

6. Subjects and Verbs 153

A Simple Way to Find a Subject 154

A Simple Way to Find a Verb 154

More about Subjects and Verbs 157

Distinguishing Subjects from Prepositional Phrases 157

Verbs of More Than One Word 158

Compound Subjects and Verbs 159

7. Fragments 162

What Fragments Are 163

Dependent-Word Fragments 163

How to Correct Dependent-Word Fragments 164

-ing and to Fragments 167

How to Correct -ing Fragments 167

How to Correct to Fragments 168

Added-Detail Fragments 170

How to Correct Added-Detail Fragments 170

Missing-Subject Fragments 172

How to Correct Missing-Subject Fragments 172

8. Run-Ons 179

What are Run-Ons? 180

A Warning: Words That Can Lead to Run-Ons? 180

Correcting Run-Ons 181

Method 1: Period and a Capital Letter 181

Method 2: Comma and a Joining Word 184

Method 3: Semicolon 186

Semicolon Alone 186

Semicolon with a Transition 186

Transitional Words 187

Method 4: Subordination 188

Dependent Words 188

9. Sentence Variety I 195

Four Traditional Sentence Patterns 195

The Simple Sentence 195

The Compound Sentence 196

The Complex Sentence 197

The Compound-Complex Sentence 201

Review of Subordination and Coordination 202

SECTION 2: VERBS, PRONOUNS, AND AGREEMENT 209

10. Standard English Verbs 210

Regular Verbs: Dialect and Standard Forms 210

Present Tense Endings 211

Past Tense Endings 213

Three Common Irregular Verbs: Dialect and Standard Forms 214

11. Irregular Verbs 220

A Brief Review of Regular Verbs 220

List of Irregular Verbs 221

Troublesome Irregular Verbs 226

12. Subject-Verb Agreement 231

Words between the Subject and the Verb 232

Verb before the Subject 233

Indefinite Pronouns 234

Compound Subjects 235

Who, Which, and That 236

13. Consistent Verb Tense 241

Keeping Tenses Consistent 241

14. Additional Information about Verbs 245

Verb Tense 245

Present Perfect (have or has + past participle) 246

Past Perfect (had + past participle) 246

Present Progressive (was or were + the -ing form) 246

Past Progressive (was or were + the -ing form) 246

Verbals 247

Infinitive 247

Participle 248

Gerund 248

Active and Passive Verbs 249

15. Pronoun Reference, Agreement, and Point of View 252

Pronoun Reference 253

Pronoun Agreement 255

Indefinite Pronouns 256

Pronoun Point of View 258

16. Pronoun Types 263

Subject and Object Pronouns 263

Subject Pronouns 264

Object Pronouns 265

Relative Pronouns 267

Points to Remember about Relative Pronouns 268

Possessive Pronouns 269

Demonstrative Pronouns 270

Reflexive Pronouns 272

Points to Remember about Reflexive Pronouns 272

SECTION 3: MODIFIERS AND PARALLELISM 276

17. Adjectives and Adverbs 277

Adjectives 277

What are Adjectives? 277

Using Adjectives to Compare 278

Points to Remember about Adjectives 278

Adverbs 280

What are Adverbs? 279

A Common Mistake with Adjectives and Adverbs 280

Well and Good 281

18. Misplaced Modifiers 284

What Misplaced Modifiers Are and How to Correct Them 284

19. Dangling Modifiers 290

What Dangling Modifiers Are and How to Correct Them 290

20. Faulty Parallelism 296

Parellelism Explained 296

21. Sentence Variety II 305

-ing Word Groups 305

-ed Word Groups 306

-ly Openers 307

To Openers 309

Prepositional Phrase Openers 310

Series of Items 312

Adjectives in Series 312

Verbs in Series 314

SECTION 4: PUNCTUATION AND MECHANICS 319

22. Paper Format 320

Guidelines for Preparing a Paper 321

23. Capital Letters 325

Main Uses of Capital Letters 326

First Word in a Sentence or Direct Quotation 326

Names and Titles 326

Other Uses of Capital Letters 328

Names and Titles 329

Names that Show Family Relationships 328

Miscellaneous Categories 329

Unnecessary Use of Capitals 331

24. Numbers and Abbreviations 335

Numbers 335

Abbreviations 337

25. End Marks 340

Period (.) 340

Question Mark (?) 340

Exclaimation Point (!) 341

26. Apostrophes 343

Apostrophes in Contractions 344

Four Contractions to Note Carefully 345

Apostrophes to Show Ownership or Possession 346

Points to Remember 347

Apostrophes versus Possessive Pronouns 349

Apostrophes versus Simple Plurals 349

Apostrophes with Plural Words Ending in -s 351
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Su questa edizione

• Editore: McGraw-Hill Education
• Data di pubblicazione: 2012
• ISBN 10: 0073533343
• ISBN 13: 9780073533346
• Rilegatura: Copertina flessibile
• Numero edizione: 3
• Numero di pagine: 628