Perché il legno non è più debole di quanto non sia? Perché l'acciaio non è più forte? Perché il vetro a volte si rompe e a volte si piega come una molla? Perché le navi si spezzano a metà? Cos'è un liquido e la melassa? Tutte queste sono domande sulla natura dei materiali. Sono tutte vitali per gli ingegneri, ma anche affascinanti come problemi scientifici. Durante i 250 anni fino agli anni '20 e '30, a queste domande era stato risposto in gran parte osservando il comportamento dei materiali nella pratica. Ma i materiali continuavano a fare cose che "non avrebbero dovuto" fare. Solo negli ultimi 40 anni queste domande hanno iniziato a trovare risposta con un nuovo approccio. Gli scienziati dei materiali hanno iniziato a esaminare più a fondo la composizione dei materiali. Hanno trovato molte sorprese; soprattutto, forse, il fatto che il comportamento di un materiale dipende da quanto perfettamente - o imperfettamente - sono disposti i suoi atomi. Utilizzando sia le unità SI che quelle imperiali, il resoconto del professor Gordon sulla scienza dei materiali è una dimostrazione dei modi a volte curiosi e divertenti in cui gli scienziati isolano e risolvono i problemi.
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James Edward Gordon was born in 1913. He took a degree in naval architecture at Glasgow University and worked in wood and steel shipyards, intending to design sailing ships. On the outbreak of the Second World War he moved to the Royal Aircraft Establishment at Farnborough, where he worked on wooden aircraft, plastics and unorthodox materials of all kinds. He designed the sailing rescue dinghies carried at one time by most bomber aircraft. He later became head of the plastic structures sections at Farnborough and developed a method of construction in reinforced plastics which is now used for a number of purpose in aircraft and rockets.
For several frustrating years he worked in industry on the strength of glass and the growth of strong 'whisker' crystals. In 1962 he returned to government service as superintendent of an experimental branch at Waltham Abbey concerned with research and development of entirely new structural materials, most of which were based on 'whiskers'. He was Industrial Fellow Commoner at Churchill College, Cambridge, and became Professor of Materials Technology at the University of Reading, where he was later Professor Emeritus. He was awarded the British Silver Medal of the Royal Aeronautical Society for work on aircraft plastics and also the Griffith Medal of the Materials Science Club for contributions to material science. His book, Structures or Why Things Don't Fall Down, is also published in Penguin.
Professor Gordon died in 1998. In its obituary The Times wrote of him that he was 'one of the founders of materials science' and that he wrote 'two books of outstanding literary quality ... at once entertaining and informative, providing absorbing interest for both expert and student'.
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