Brain Development: Normal Processes and the Effects of Alcohol and Nicotine - Rilegato

Rilegato

ISBN 10: 0195183134 ISBN 13: 9780195183139

Casa editrice: OUP USA, 2006

Riassunto

This is the first book about both normal development of the nervous system and how early exposure to alcohol and nicotine interferes with this development. The developing nervous system is highly dynamic and vulnerable to genetic and epigenetic factors that can be additive or synergistic. Disruption of normal brain development leads to an array of developmental disorders. One of the most common of these is mental retardation, the prime cause of which is prenatal exposure to alcohol. As chapters in this book show, alcohol has direct effects on the developing neural system and it affects genetic regulation. Another common neurotoxin is nicotine, and it is discussed in this book for three reasons: (1) the number of adolescents who smoke cigarettes is rising in some populations; (2) prenatal exposure to nicotine affects neurotransmitter systems that are critical for normal brain development and cognition; and (3) prenatal exposure to nicotine is often accompanied by prenatal exposure to alcohol.
The mature brain is the culmination of an orderly sequence of basic ontogenetic processes - cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and death. Neural stem cells and progenitors proliferate in discreet sites; then, young neurons migrate long distances to their residences where they form neural networks. During this sequence many immature cells die, presumably eliminating unsuitable or non-competitive cells. Each process is regulated by genetic and environmental factors. When this regulation goes awry, a dysmorphic and dysfunctinoal brain results. Though this can be tragic in clinical settings, in experimental contexts it provides keen insight into normal brain development.

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Recensione

...a very detailed and in-depth look at the topic...an excellent book that will be useful to many readers, including pediatricians, toxicologist, substance abuse specialists, researchers, and many others. (Doody's Notes)

Contenuti

• 1: Michael W. Miller: Models of Neurotoxicity Provide Insight into Normal Development
• Part I - Normal Development
• 2: Bernhard Suter and Pradeep G. Bhide: Cell Proliferation
• 3: Huaiyu Hu: Neuronal Migration
• 4: C. David Mintz, Iddil H. Bekirov, Tonya R. Anderson, and Deanna L. Benson: Neuronal Differentiation: From Axons to Synapses
• 5: Stevens K. Rehen and Jerold J.M. Chun: Cell Death
• 6: Sandra M. Mooney and George I. Henderson: Intracellular Pathways of Neuronal Death
• 7: Barbara L. Finlay, Jeremy C. Yost and Desmond T. Cheung: Developmental Disorders and Evolutionary Expectations: Mechanisms of Resilience
• Part II - Ethanol-Affected Development
• 8: Claire D. Coles: Prenatal Alcohol Exposure and Human Development
• 9: Susanna L. Fryer, Christie L. McGee, Andrea D. Spadoni, and Edward P. Riley: Influence of Alcohol on the Structure of the Developing Human Brain
• 10: Joanna H. Sliwowska, Xingqi Zhang, and Joanne Weinberg: Prenatal Ethanol Exposure and Fetal Programming: Implications for Endocrine and Immune Development and Long-Term Health
• 11: Michael W. Miller: Early Exposure to Ethanol Affects the Proliferation of Neuronal Precursors
• 12: W. Michael Zawada and Mita Das: Effects of Ethanol on the Regulation of Cell Cycle in Neural Stem Cells
• 13: Julie A. Siegenthaler and Michael W. Miller: Mechanisms of Ethanol-Induced Alterations in Neuronal Migration
• 14: Tara A. Lindsley: Effects of Ethanol on Mechanisms Regulating Neuronal Process Outgrowth
• 15: Michael W. Miller, Marla B. Bruns and Paula L. Hoffman: Neuronal Survival Is Compromised by Ethanol: Extracellular Mediators
• 16: Sandra M. Mooney, Michael W. Miller and George I. Henderson: Intracellular Events in Neuronal Death Targeted by Ethanol
• 17: Susan M. Smith and Katherine A. Debelak-Kragtorp: Neural Crest and Developmental Exposure to Ethanol
• 18: Consuelo Guerri, Gemma Rubert, and Maria Pasqual: Glial Targets of Developmental Exposure to Ethanol
• Part III - Nicotine-Affected Development
• 19: Jennifer A. Willford, Nancy L. Day, and Marie D. Cornelius: Tobacco use During Pregnancy: Epidemiology and Effects on Offspring
• 20: Brenda M. Elliott and Neil E. Grunberg: Prenatal Nicotine Exposure and Animal Behavior
• 21: Huibert D. Mansvelder and Lorna W. Role: Neuronal Receptors for Nicotine: Functional Diversity and Developmental Changes
• 22: Kurt F. Hauser, Nazira El-Hage, Shreya Buch, Gregory N. Barnes, Henrietta S. Bada, and James R. Pauly: Neural Precursors as Preferential Targets for Drug Abuse: Long Term Consequences and Latent Susceptibility to CNS Disorders
• 23: Frances M. Leslie, Layla Azam, Kathy Gallardo, Kathryn O'Leary, Ryan Franke, and Shahrdad Lotfipour: Nicotinic Receptor Regulation of Developing Catecholamine Systems

Dettagli dell'edizione

• Editore: OUP USA
• Data di pubblicazione: 2006
• Lingua: Inglese
• ISBN 10: 0195183134
• ISBN 13: 9780195183139
• Rilegatura: Copertina rigida
• Numero di pagine: 424
• Redattore: Miller Michael W.
• Contatto del produttore: non disponibile
• Persona responsabile: GPSR Kontakt; gpsr@libri.de; ; Europaallee 1; Bad Hersfeld; 36244; Germania