Youth at Risk and Youth Justice: A Canadian Overview - Brossura

9780195441307: Youth at Risk and Youth Justice: A Canadian Overview

Brossura

ISBN 10: 0195441303 ISBN 13: 9780195441307

Casa editrice: OUP Canada, 2012

Youth at Risk and Youth Justice: A Canadian Overview provides an overview of juvenile delinquency in Canada by examining important patterns, theories, and emerging special topics. Topics considered fundamental to understanding the complexity of youth crime and youth justice such as the history of youth justice in Canada, current youth justice legislation, young female offenders, youth gangs, substance abuse, and Aboriginal youth in conflict with the law are covered in detail. Youth at Risk and Youth Justice also covers important, timely topics that are not commonly addressed in as much detail in other undergraduate textbooks. Chapters on street-involved youth (Chapter 11), the sexual exploitation of adolescent men (Chapter 13), Quebec's approach to youth justice, and that province's success in diverting offenders from custody (Chapter 14), and the coverage of restorative justice (Chapter 15) have received little to no attention in textbooks with a similar focus, but are included in this book to help students gain a better understanding of the cycle of victimization and criminal behaviour that affects many young people. Youth at Risk and Youth Justice is comprehensive in its coverage presenting many different points of view in a user-friendly way, encouraging students to read and be challenged, with the hope that they will continue to study youth justice issues. Each chapter offers readers current coverage and analysis on timely issues in the field. It is a contributed text with 30 expert contributors, each with their own unique interests and perspectives. By bringing together such a diverse group of contributors, the editors have provided students with the tools to help them think more broadly about the complexities of youth crime and delinquency.

Le informazioni nella sezione "Riassunto" possono far riferimento a edizioni diverse di questo titolo.

L'autore:

John Winterdyk is the current director for the Centre of Criminology and Justice Research at Mount Royal University. He is also an adjunct professor at St. Thomas University in Fredericton, NB, the University of Regina, and the Polytechnic of Namibia in Windhoek, NamibiaHe has created over 20 textbooks and is currently working on a coedited textbook on human trafficking (Taylor & Francis), and coediting a book on fear of crime and punitivity (Bochum Un. Press), among other initiatives. Russell Smandych is a professor of sociology and criminology in the Department of Sociology at the University of Manitoba, and adjunct professor of criminology in the Department of Justice Studies, Mount Royal University. He is the editor and coeditor of seven books and has published widely in leading Canadian and international journals in the fields of legal history and criminology.

Contenuti:

Contents Overview
Editor and Contributor Bios
Editors' Preface and Acknowledgements
Part One: History, Trends, and Legislation
Introduction
1: From 'Misguided Children' to 'Criminal Youth': Exploring Historical and Contemporary Trends in Canadian Youth Justice
Russell Smandych
Chapter Overview
Key Objectives
Key Terms
Introduction
The Development of Modern Juvenile Justice Systems
Contemporary Trends in Youth Justice Law and Practice
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Suggested Readings
Suggested Weblinks
References
2: Nothing but the Facts: Measuring Youth Crime in Canada
John A. Winterdyk
Chapter Overview
Key Objectives
Key Terms
Introduction
Defining Youth Crime
A Historical Overview on the Emergence of Measuring Delinquency
Characteristics of Today's Young Offenders-The Official Picture
Demographic Facts
Violent and Non-Violent Crimes
Youth Justice System Facts
Transfers to Adult Court-Adult Sentencing
Recidivism
Unofficial Measures of Youth Crime
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Suggested Readings
Suggested Weblinks
References
3: Explaining the "Youth Criminal Justice Act"
Ross Green
Chapter Overview
Key Objectives
Key Terms
Introduction
An Overview of the YCJA
Extrajudicial Measures: Dealing with Less-Serious Offences and Less-Experienced Young Offenders Outside of Court
Parents Under the YCJA
Sentencing Under the YCJA
The Relationship Between Criminal Procedures and Other Social Measures (Multi-Disciplinary Approaches to Youth Justice and Crime Prevention)
Conferencing Under The YCJA
Mental Health Issues (Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorder)
Public Information-Publishing the Names of Young People
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Suggested Readings
Suggested Weblinks
References
4: Implementing Youth Justice Reform: Effects of the "Youth Criminal Justice Act"
Nicholas Bala, Peter J. Carrington, and Julian V. Roberts
Chapter Overview
Key Objectives
Key Terms
Introduction
The Context for Canadian Youth Justice Reform
The YCJA and Supreme Court Judgments
Trends in Youth Justice and the Impact of the YCJA
Recent Reform Proposals
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Suggested Readings
Suggested Weblinks
References
Part Two: Understanding Contemporary Youth Crime and Justice: Theories and Perspectives
Introduction
5: Youth Deviance and the Media: Mapping Knowledge and the Limits to Certainty
Chris McCormick
Chapter Overview
Key Objectives
Key Terms
Introduction
Contrasting Indices of Youth Crime
The Official Version
The Unofficial Version
Media Coverage of Youth Crime
An Example of the Media Analysis of Newspaper Articles on Youth Crime
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Suggested Readings
Suggested Weblinks
References
6: Canadian Girls and Crime in the Twenty-First Century
Sibylle Artz, Lorinda Stoneman, and Marge Reitsma-Street
Chapter Overview
Key Objectives
Key Terms
Introduction
Patterns of Crime and Trends in Juvenile Justice
Official Charges
Administrative Offences
The Youth Criminal Justice Act
Overrepresentation of Aboriginal Girls
Court Decisions and Dispositions for Convicted Girls
Theories of Female Crime and Delinquency
Promising Directions: Towards and Intersectional Approach
Attending to Demographic Intersections
Expanded Practices Based on Intersectionality
Mobilize Political Change Around Equity and Human Rights
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Suggested Readings
Suggested Weblinks
References
7: New Theoretical Perspectives on Youth Crime
Stephen W. Baron
Chapter Overview
Key Objectives
Key Terms
Introduction
The General Theory of Crime
General Strain Theory
Age Graded Theory of Social Control
Control Balance Theory
Differential Coercion Theory
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Suggested Readings
Suggested Weblinks
References
8: Critical Criminology and Youth Justice in the Risk Society: Issues of Power and Justice
Bryan Hogeveen and Joanne Minaker
Chapter Overview
Key Objectives
Key Terms
Introduction
What Does it Mean to be Critical? And Why is it Important?
Marginalization
Outcast Spaces
Jacques Derrida and Justice
Michel Foucault
Risk and the Risky Society
Cultural Criminology
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Suggested Readings
Suggested Weblinks
References
Part Three: At Risk and Criminalized Youth Crime in Canada: Selected Types and Problems
Introduction
9: Issues of Substance Abuse and Related Crime in Adolescence
Jordan Diplock and Darryl Plecas
Chapter Overview
Key Objectives
Key Terms
Introduction
Substance Abuse Among Canadian Youth
Inherent Challenges of Measuring Adolescent Drug Use
Reasons Why Youth Use Drugs and Alcohol
Potential Negative Effects of Adolescent Substance Abuse
Adolescent Substance Abuse and the Link to Criminal Behaviour
Strategies to Prevent Adolescent Substance Abuse
Alternatives to Fear-Based Communication
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Suggested Readings
Suggested Weblinks
References
10: Aboriginal Youth Crime in Canada
Hirsch Greenberg, Jana Grekul, and Rhonda Nelson
Chapter Overview
Key Objectives
Key Terms
Introduction
Understanding the Complexities of Aboriginal Youth Crime
Historical Context
Contemporary Context
Aboriginal Youth Gangs
Attribution of Responsibility: The Youth Justice System
Healing: A More Appropriate Alternative?
Aboriginal 'Programs' and Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Suggested Readings
Suggested Weblinks
References
11: Street-Involved Youth in Canada
Mark Totten
Chapter Overview
Key Objectives
Key Terms
Introduction
Overview of Gang Research in Canada
Gang Typology in Canada
Street Gang Membership and Roles
Primary Activities of Street Gangs
Gang Recruitment and Exit
Legislation and Official Response to Gangs
Female Involvement in Gangs
A Bio-Psychosocial Theory or Youth Gangs
Prevention, Intervention, Suppression Approaches
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Suggested Readings
Suggested Weblinks
References
12: An Overview of Gang-involved Youth in Canada
Bruce MacLaurin and Catherine Worthington
Chapter Overview
Key Objectives
Key Terms
Introduction
Defining Street-Involved Youth vs. Homeless Adults
Typologies of Street-Involved Youth
Estimates of Street-Involved Youth
Perspectives on Street-Involved Youth
Pathways to the Street - The Vulnerable Population
Life on the Streets
Risks Associated with Street Involvement
Institutional Experiences
Street Services and Intervention Strategies
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Suggested Readings
Suggested Weblinks
References
13: Under the Radar: The Sexual Exploitation of Young Men in Western Canada
Susan McIntyre
Chapter Overview
Key Objectives
Key Terms
Introduction
Background
Youth in Care
Demographics and Historical Background
Sexual and Physical Violation
Witnessing Aggression While Growing
Police Involvement
Work Life/Hustling
Staying
Sexual Orientation
Why People Stay Hustling/Working
Services You Wish Existed
Attempts at Exiting
Messages for Service Providers
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Suggested Readings
Suggested Weblinks
References
Part Four: Keeping Kids out of the System: Exploring Progressive Approaches to Youth Crime and Justice
Introduction
14: Quebec's Experience Keeping Youth Out of Jail
Louis-Georges Cournoyer, Jacques Dionne, Michelle Goyette, and Pierre Hamel
Chapter Overview
Key Objectives
Key Terms
Introduction
The Quebec Intervention Model for Young Offenders: The Right Measure at the Right Time
Evolution of the Quebec's Legislative Framework
The Evolution of Interventions
The Evolution of Criminological Research in Quebec
Today's Services for Young Offenders
Quebec's Orientations to Guide Youth Offenders Rehabilitation
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Suggested Readings
Suggested Weblinks
References
15: Juvenile Justice and Restorative Justice: Reflecting on Developments in British Columbia
Brenda Morrison and Colleen Pawlychka
Chapter Overview
Key Objectives
Key Terms
Introduction
Juvenile Justice Legislation: Social Control to 'Off Ramps'
Development of Restorative Justice in BC: The Intersection of Three Practices
British Columbia's Justice Reforms
Off-Ramps: The Importance of NGOs
The Green Paper: The UK's response to Engaging Communities in Criminal Justice
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Suggested Readings
Suggested Weblinks
References
16: Key Challenges in Hearing the Voice of Youth in the Youth Justice System
Susan A. Reid and Sarah Gilliss
Chapter Overview
Key Objectives
Key Terms
Introduction
The Legal Regulation of Childhood and Adolescence
The Codification of a Separate System of Youth Justice in Canada
Diversion of Children from a Life of Crime: Sustaining the Original Purpose of a Separate System of Youth Justice
Youth with Highly Complex Needs
Principles for Developing Youth Policy-Youth Voice
Summary
Review Questions
Critical Thinking Questions
Suggested Readings
Suggested Weblinks
References
Glossary
Index