Biology of fresh wat ers - Brossura

Maitland, Peter S.

Brossura

ISBN 10: 021692989X ISBN 13: 9780216929890

Casa editrice: Springer, 1990

Riassunto

Since this book was published in 1978 many advances have been made in our knowledge of the fresh waters of the world, especially in understanding many of the intricate processes involved in their functioning as systems and in countering the problems created by human activities. New problems, many of an international nature, have loomed during this period - of which the acidification of fresh waters in many parts of the world is a notable example. Much has been published concerning the aquatic flora, fauna and ecology of previously poorly known geographic areas, notably Australasia.

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Contenuti

1 The Aquatic Environment.- 1.1 Physics.- 1.1.1 Radiant energy and optics.- 1.1.2 Density and thermal properties.- 1.1.3 Movement.- 1.1.4 Suspended solids.- 1.2 Chemistry.- 1.2.1 Oxygen.- 1.2.2 Carbon dioxide.- 1.2.3 pH and the hydrogen ion.- 1.2.4 Nitrogen.- 1.2.5 Phosphorus.- 1.2.6 Iron.- 1.2.7 Other dissolved solids.- 1.3 Biology.- 1.3.1 Decomposition.- 1.3.2 Photosynthesis.- 1.3.3 Nutrient limitation.- 1.3.4 Influence of organisms on the environment.- 2 Plants and Animals of Fresh Waters.- 2.1 Viruses.- 2.2 Bacteria.- 2.3 Algae.- 2.3.1 Euglenophytes.- 2.3.2 Cryptophytes.- 2.3.3 Dinophytes.- 2.3.4 Chlorophytes.- 2.3.5 Xanthophytes.- 2.3.6 Chrysophytes.- 2.3.7 Phaeophytes.- 2.3.8 Bacillariophytes.- 2.3.9 Rhodophytes.- 2.3.10 Cyanophytes.- 2.4 Fungi.- 2.5 Lichens.- 2.6 Stoneworts.- 2.7 Bryophytes.- 2.7.1 Liverworts.- 2.7.2 Mosses.- 2.8 Pteridophytes.- 2.8.1 Lycopsids.- 2.8.2 Horsetails.- 2.8.3 Ferns.- 2.9 Spermatophytes.- 2.9.1 Dicotyledons.- 2.9.2 Monocotyledons.- 2.10 Protozoans.- 2.10.1 Zoomastigines.- 2.10.2 Rhizopods.- 2.10.3 Actinopods.- 2.10.4 Sporozoans.- 2.10.5 Ciliates.- 2.11 Sponges.- 2.12 Coelenterates.- 2.13 Platyhelminths.- 2.13.1 Flatworms.- 2.13.2 Flukes.- 2.13.3 Tapeworms.- 2.14 Proboscis worms.- 2.15 Aschelminths.- 2.15.1 Rotifers.- 2.15.2 Gastrotrichs.- 2.15.3 Hairworms.- 2.15.4 Roundworms.- 2.16 Acanthocephalans.- 2.17 Entoprocts.- 2.18 Polyzoans.- 2.19 Molluscs.- 2.19.1 Snails.- 2.19.2 Bivalves.- 2.20 Annelid worms.- 2.20.1 Polychaetes.- 2.20.2 Oligochaetes.- 2.20.3 Leeches.- 2.21 Arthropods.- 2.21.1 Insects.- 2.21.2 Crustaceans.- 2.21.3 Arachnids.- 2.21.4 Tardigrades.- 2.22 Chordates.- 2.22.1 Lampreys.- 2.22.2 Sharks and rays.- 2.22.3 Bony fish.- 2.22.4 Lungfish.- 2.22.5 Amphibians.- 2.22.6 Reptiles.- 2.22.7 Birds.- 2.22.8 Mammals.- 3 Standing Waters: Lakes, Ponds and Pools.- 3.1 Origin.- 3.2 Physical characteristics.- 3.2.1 Stratification.- 3.2.2 Water movement.- 3.2.3 Suspended solids.- 3.2.4 Light.- 3.3 Chemical characteristics.- 3.3.1 Dissolved gases—oxygen.- 3.3.2 Dissolved gases—carbon dioxide.- 3.3.3 Dissolved solids.- 3.4 Biological characteristics.- 3.4.1 Habitats.- 3.4.2 Microhabitats.- 3.4.3 Communities.- 3.5 Classification.- 4 Running Waters: Rivers, Streams and Trickles.- 4.1 Physical characteristics.- 4.1.1 Current.- 4.1.2 Suspended solids.- 4.1.3 Light.- 4.1.4 Temperature.- 4.1.5 Run-off.- 4.2 Chemical characteristics.- 4.2.1 Dissolved gases.- 4.2.2 Dissolved solids.- 4.3 Biological characteristics.- 4.3.1 Habitats.- 4.3.2 Microhabitats.- 4.3.3 Communities.- 4.4 Classification.- 5 Field Studies: Sampling in Fresh Waters.- 5.1 Physical.- 5.1.1 Sediments and bathymetry.- 5.1.2 Movement.- 5.1.3 Light.- 5.1.4 Temperature.- 5.2 Chemistry.- 5.3 Biology.- 5.3.1 Decomposition.- 5.3.2 Photosynthesis.- 5.3.3 Attached algae.- 5.3.4 Macrophytes.- 5.3.5 Plankton.- 5.3.6 Benthic invertebrates.- 5.3.7 Fish.- 6 Adaptation to Environment: Strategies for Survival.- 6.1 Major adaptations.- 6.1.1 Shape.- 6.1.2 Osmoregulation.- 6.1.3 Respiration.- 6.1.4 Other physiological features.- 6.1.5 Buoyancy.- 6.1.6 Symbiosis.- 6.1.7 Behaviour.- 6.1.8 Dispersal.- 6.2 Adaptation to specific habitats.- 6.2.1 Running waters.- 6.2.2 Profundal regions.- 6.2.3 Plankton.- 6.2.4 Neuston.- 6.2.5 Subterranean aquatic systems.- 6.2.6 Temporary aquatic systems.- 7 Communities and Energy Flow.- 7.1 Standing waters.- 7.1.1 Temporary ponds.- 7.1.2 Permanent ponds.- 7.1.3 Lake littoral.- 7.1.4 Lake profundal.- 7.1.5 Lake plankton.- 7.2 Running waters.- 7.2.1 Temporary streams.- 7.2.2 Eroding waters.- 7.2.3 Depositing waters—littoral.- 7.2.4 Depositing waters—open.- 7.3 Specialised communities.- 7.3.1 Neuston.- 7.3.2 Subterranean systems.- 7.3.3 Thermal systems.- 7.3.4 Saline waters.- 7.4 Community structure.- 7.4.1 Trophic levels.- 7.4.2 Food chains and food webs.- 7.4.3 Energy flow.- 8 Fresh Water and Humans.- 8.1 Water resources.- 8.1.1 Reservoirs.- 8.1.2 Flood protection.- 8.1.3 Man-made systems.- 8.2 Water use.- 8.2.1 Domestic.- 8.2.2 Irrigation.- 8.2.3 Aquaculture.- 8.2.4 Industry.- 8.2.5 Hydro-electricity.- 8.2.6 Navigation.- 8.2.7 Recreation.- 8.2.8 Fisheries.- 8.3 Human influence.- 8.4 Pollution prevention.- 8.5 Integration of water use.- 9 A Global View.- 9.1 Fresh waters around the world.- 9.1.1 Africa.- 9.1.2 Antarctica.- 9.1.3 Asia.- 9.1.4 Australia.- 9.1.5 Europe.- 9.1.6 North America.- 9.1.7 South America.- 9.2 International problems.- 9.2.1 Translocations.- 9.2.2 Acidification.- 9.2.3 Global warming.- 9.3 The future.- References.

Product Description

Testo edito dalla casa editrice Springer. Autore: Maitland, Peter S.

Dettagli dell'edizione

• Editore: Springer
• Data di pubblicazione: 1990
• Lingua: Inglese
• ISBN 10: 021692989X
• ISBN 13: 9780216929890
• Rilegatura: Copertina flessibile
• Numero edizione: 2
• Numero di pagine: 292
• Contatto del produttore: non disponibile
• Persona responsabile: CMN Printpool Inh. Mathis Neumann; https://www.also.com/ec/cms5/en_6000/6000/index.jsp; ; Friedrich-Karl-Str. 9; Hamburg; Germania