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Excerpt from The Organizational Validity of Management Information Systems
Expectancy theory stresses user cognition of several important relationships which ultimately affect the motivation to use an information system (robey. First, the perception that effort (motivation) will improve job performance is crucial. Obviously, a low quality system or an untrained user will make efforts less productive and therefore diminish future motivation. The second important relationship is the link between performance and both intrinsic and extrinsic rewards. Unlike earlier theories, which stress the pre-eminence of intrinsic motivation through expanded tasks, expectancy theory acknowledges the continuing importance of extrinsic rewards like pay, working conditions, and benefits. To the extent that these are contingent upon performance, motivation may be enhanced. Intrinsic rewards are always (by definition) contingent upon performance since they emerge directly from the task itself. Finally, motivation also depends on the value the individual places upon the rewards received.
Zmud (1980) has taken motivation concepts and extended them backward into the his development process. He notes that user perceptions of system quality and attitudes toward the system are largely formulated during the system's development period. Thus, the perceived link between effort and performance, so crucial to motivation, may be largely formulated before system design is complete.
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