Articoli correlati a Autobiographical Memory and the Valildity of Retrospective...
Sinossi
Much of our knowledge about individuals' behavior, the state of society, or social change is based on direct verbal reports. From consumer behavior to health problems, and from the styles of parenting to the nation's unemployment rate or the prevalence of crime, social scientists and psychologists rely on respondents' autobiographical memory for testing theories of human behavior and offering advice on public policy. The recent revival of basic psychological research into autobiographical memory coincides with an increasing interest in cognitive aspects of the survey process in the survey research community. Presumably, the better we understand the cognitive processes used to answer retrospective questions, the better we shall be able to design questionnaires that facilitate respondents' performance. At the least, we should be able to get a better understanding of how well respondents are able to perform the tasks that are given them, and what tasks it is reasonable to expect a respondent to perform. These hopes have fueled much of the recent collaboration between cognitive psychologists and survey methodologists on this topic reported in Autobiographical Memory and the Validity of Retrospective Reports. This book presents a careful theoretical framework to explain autobiographical memory as well as the most recent empirical findings on retrospective reports of behavior, event dating and time estimation, and comparisons of self and proxy reports. While there is still much to learn, the book demonstrates that significant progress has been made in recent years in this important area.
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Contenuti
and Overview.- I. Perspectives on Retrospective Reports.- 1 Autobiographical Memory and Survey Research.- 2 The Validity of Retrospective Reports as a Function of the Directness of Retrieval Processes.- 3 Accuracy, Truth, and Meaning in Autobiographical Reports.- 4 On Authenticating and Using Personal Recollections.- 5 Affect and Memory in Retrospective Reports.- II. Retrospective Reports of Behaviors.- 6 The Recall of Physical Pain.- 7 The Effects of Estimation Strategies on the Accuracy of Respondents’ Reports of Cigarette Smoking.- 8 Validity of Reports of Long-Term Dietary Memories: Data and a Model.- 9 Errors of Experience: Response Errors in Reports about Child Support and Their Implications for Questionnaire Design.- 10 Judgments of Behavorial Frequencies: Memory Search and Retrieval Strategies.- 11 On Providing Population Data To Improve Respondents’ Estimates of Autobiographical Frequencies.- 12 Retrospective Reports: The Impact of Response Formats.- III. Event Dating and Time Estimation.- 13 Telescoping and Temporal Memory.- 14 The Impact of Differing Memory Domains on Event-Dating Processes in Self and Proxy Reports.- IV. Comparisons of Self and Proxy Reports.- 15 Self and Proxy Reports of Everyday Events.- 16 The Effect of Participation Level on Reports of Behavior and Attitudes by Proxy Reporters.- 17 Reconstruction of Relationship Memories: A Mental Models Approach.- V. Memories of the Past and Judgment of Personal and Social Change.- 18 Biasing Effects of Retrospective Reports on Current Self-Assessments.- 19 Reconstructing Social Change through Retrospective Questions: Methodological Problems and Prospects.- 20 Collective Memories in the United States and Lithuania.- References.
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