Geochemistry of Marine Humic Compounds - Rilegato

Rashid, Mohammed A.

Rilegato

ISBN 10: 0387961356 ISBN 13: 9780387961354

Casa editrice: Springer Verlag, 1985

Riassunto

Book by Rashid MA

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Contenuti

1 Origin and Distribution of Organic Compounds in the Marine Environment.- Inventory of Organic Carbon.- Geochemical Significance of Carbon-Containing Compounds.- Evolution of Life and Development of Organic Matter.- Beginning of Life on Earth.- Primitive Organisms and their Evolution.- Higher Land Plants and Animals.- Genesis and Survival of Organic Compounds During Geological Time.- Distribution of Organic Matter in Oceans and on Land.- Marine Primary Productivity and Factors Governing Productivity.- Global Marine Primary Productivity.- Terrestrial Productivity and Its Impact on Oceans.- Nature and Fate of Organic Matter.- Transformations of Organic Matter in the Water Column.- Origin, Concentrations and Nature of DOM and POM.- Aggregation, Sedimentation, and Distribution of Organic Matter.- Factors Affecting the Distribution of Organic Matter in Sediments.- Concentration of Organic Carbon in Surficial Sediments.- Summary.- 2 Humifícation—A Major Biogeochemical Phenomenon.- Nature of Microbial Population.- Bacteria.- Fungi.- Actinomycetes.- Chemical Composition of Organisms.- Some Major Cellular Constituents and Products of their Microbial Degradation.- Proteins and Related Compounds and their Microbial Disintegration.- Carbohydrates, their Related Compounds and their Microbial Decomposition.- Lipids and Related Compounds.- Lignins and Products of their Degradation.- Formation and Transformations of Phenolic Compounds.- Formation of Humus.- Reactions of Phenolic Compounds with Nitrogenous Substances.- Reactions of Amino Acids with Sugars.- Products of Humification.- Factors Influencing Humification.- Distribution of Humic Compounds in the Marine Environment.- Concentrations of Humic Compounds in the Water Column.- Concentrations of Humic Compounds in the Sedimentary Column.- Summary.- 3 Physico-chemical Characteristics of Marine Humic Compounds.- Major Components of Humic Substances.- Major Phenolic and Aromatic Compounds.- Major Aliphatic Constituents.- Structural Configuration.- Stability of Humic Compounds in Geological Times.- Chemical Composition and Characterization.- Elemental Analysis.- Ratios of Different Elements and their Significance.- Isotopic Composition and the Source of Organic Matter.- Functional Groups.- Factors Affecting the Distribution of Functional Groups.- Electro-chemistry of Humic Molecules.- Aliphaticity versus Aromaticity.- Physical Properties.- Some Striking Differences and Similarities in the Physico-chemical Characteristics of Marine and Terrestrial Humic Compounds.- Summary.- 4 Organo-metal Reactions and their Geochemical Significance.- Humus as a Natural Absorbent.- Geochemical Scale of Metal Absorption.- Enrichment of Trace, Transition, and Rare Metals in Humic-Rich Media.- Physico-chemical Properties of Humic Compounds in Relation to Organo-metal Reactions.- Functional Groups and their Role in Organo-metal Interactions.- Molecular Weight Distribution and Organo-metal Reactions.- Surface Area.- Degree of Humification, Nature, and Source of Humic Compounds.- Environmental Factors Affecting Organic Reactions.- Mechanisms of Organo-metal Interactions.- Surface or Physical Adsorption.- Cation Exchange Reactions.- Chelation and Complexing Reactions.- Bonding Strength.- Factors Affecting Bonding Strength.- Measurement of Bonding Strength.- Implications of Organo-metal Reactions.- Geochemical Significance and Sedimentary Base Metal Accumulations.- Economic Implications and Formation of Ores.- Environmental Significance of Organo-metal Reactions.- Ecological Implications.- Research Proposals.- Summary.- 5 Reactions of Humic Compounds with Sedimentary Minerals.- Clay Minerals and their Types.- Structure and Classification of Clay Minerals.- Electrical Charges.- Clay Minerals of Marine Sediments.- Other Minerals.- Physico-chemical Properties of Humic Compounds and Organo-clay Complexes.- Functional Groups.- Molecular Weight of Humic Compounds.- Mechanisms of Organo-clay Interactions.- Chemical Bondings.- Physical Bondings.- Effect of Environmental Parameters.- Electro-chemical Model of Humic Compounds and Clay Minerals Depicting the Reaction Mechanisms.- Ramifications of Organo-clay Complexes.- Degradation and Decomposition of Rock-Forming Minerals.- Flocculation of Colloidal Particles and Process of Sedimentation.- Genesis of Minerals in Marine Sediments.- Genesis of Clay Minerals and their Transformations.- Catalytic Effect of Clay Minerals on the Formation and Transformation of Humic Compounds.- Organo-clay Complexes and Geotechnical Properties of Marine Sediments.- Effect of Humic Compounds on Concrete Structures and Underwater Installations.- A Few Research Proposals.- Summary and Conclusions.- 6 Diagenetic Transformations of Humic Compounds.- Diagenesis.- Early Diagenesis.- Long-Term Diagenesis.- Catagenesis.- A Few Major Chemical Changes During Catagenesis.- Geochemical Factors Affecting Catagenesis.- Metagenesis.- Summary and Conclusions.- 7 Paleo- and Contemporary Environmental Implications of Humic Compounds.- Paleohumus as a Geological Marker and Environmental Indicator.- Fossil Humus in Tracing Out the Early History of Life.- Glacial and Interglacial Periods and Major Climatic Changes.- Geochronology and Geological Age Measurements.- History of Holocene Sedimentation.- Assessment of Paleoenvironments.- Paleotemperatures of Sedimentary Basins.- Identification of the Source of Organic Matter.- Potential Application of Humic Acid Geochemistry in Solving.- Geological Problems.- Sea-Floor Spreading and Continental Drift.- Stratigraphic Correlation.- Sedimentary Processes.- Contemporary Environmental Concerns.- Interaction of Humic Compounds with Pollutants.- A Few Major Reaction Mechanisms.- Ultimate Fate and Behavior of Pesticides.- Interactions of Humic Compounds with Hydrocarbons and Oils.- Interactions of Humic Compounds with Inorganic Pollutants.- Humic Substances as Pollution Indicators.- Radioactive Waste Disposal.- Ocean Dumping.- Industrial Waste-Water Treatment.- Summary.- 8 Role of Humic Compounds in Aquatic Productivity.- Biological Conditioning of Sea Water and Primary Productivity.- Key Organic Compounds of Biological Conditioning of Sea Water.- Humic Compounds as Biological Conditioners.- Humic Compounds and Growth Response of Phytoplankton.- Physiological Responses of Phytoplankton on Humic Acid Enrichment.- Molecular Weight Ranges of Humic Compounds and Growth Response.- Role of Humic Compounds on the Physiology and Metabolism of Higher Plants.- Stimulatory Effect of Humic Compounds on the Growth of Plants.- Role in Nutrient Uptake.- Possible Mechanisms of the Biological Effect of Humic Compounds.- Metal Chelation Phenomena and Availability of Essential Trace Metals.- Scavenging of Toxic and Heavy Metals.- Interaction of Humic Compounds with Major Nutrients.- Physiological Stimulation.- Ecological Implications.- Red Tide.- Eutrophication.- Succession of Species.- Research Prospects.- Summary.

Dettagli dell'edizione

• Editore: Springer Verlag
• Data di pubblicazione: 1985
• Lingua: Inglese
• ISBN 10: 0387961356
• ISBN 13: 9780387961354
• Rilegatura: Copertina rigida
• Numero di pagine: 300
• Contatto del produttore: non disponibile
• Persona responsabile: CMN Printpool Inh. Mathis Neumann; https://www.also.com/ec/cms5/en_6000/6000/index.jsp; ; Friedrich-Karl-Str. 9; Hamburg; Germania