Ecotoxicology: Problems and Approaches - Rilegato

 
9780387967622: Ecotoxicology: Problems and Approaches

Sinossi

Ecotoxicology is the science that seeks to predict the impacts of chemi­ cals upon ecosystems. This involves describing and predicting ecological changes ensuing from a variety of human activities that involve release of xenobiotic and other chemicals to the environment. A fundamental principle of ecotoxicology is embodied in the notion of change. Ecosystems themselves are constantly changing due to natural processes, and it is a challenge to distinguish the effects of anthropogenic activities against this background of fluctuations in the natural world. With the frustratingly large, diverse, and ever-emerging sphere of envi­ ronmental problems that ecotoxicology must address, the approaches to individual problems also must vary. In part, as a consequence, there is no established protocol for application of the science to environmental prob­ lem-solving. The conceptual and methodological bases for ecotoxicology are, how­ ever, in their infancy, and thus still growing with new experiences. In­ deed, the only robust generalization for research on different ecosystems and different chemical stresses seems to be a recognition of the necessity of an ecosystem perspective as focus for assessment. This ecosystem basis for ecotoxicology was the major theme of a previous pUblication by the Ecosystems Research Center at Cornell University, a special issue of Environmental Management (Levin et al. 1984). With that effort, we also recognized an additional necessity: there should be a continued develop­ ment of methods and expanded recognition of issues for ecotoxicology and for the associated endeavor of environmental management.

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Contenuti

From the contents: Ecotoxicology: Problems and Approaches.- Anthropogenic Stresses on Ecosystems: Issues and Indicators of Response and Recovery.- Effects of Heavy Metals in a Polluted Aquatic Ecosystem.- Determining the Ecological Effects of Oil Pollution in Marine Ecosystems.- The Effects of Chemical Stress on Aquatic Species Composition and Community Structure.- Chemical Stress in Terrestrial Ecosystems: Mechanisms and Patterns of Disturbance.- Mathematical Models: Fate, Transport, and Food Chain.- Deterministic and Statistical Models of Chemical Fate in Aquatic Systems.- Bioaccumulation of Hydrophobic Organic Pollutant Compounds.- Environmental Chemical Stress Effects Associated with Carbon and Phosphorus Biochemical Cycles.- Biomonitoring: Closing the Loop in the Environmental Sciences.- Ecotoxicology Beyond Sensitivity: A Case Study Involving "Unreasonableness" of Environmental Change.- Regulatory Framework for Ecotoxicology.- Environmental Decision-making in the Presence of Uncertainty.

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