Technologies for the Wireless Future: Wireless World Research Forum Wwrf (2) - Rilegato

Rilegato

ISBN 10: 0470029056 ISBN 13: 9780470029053

Casa editrice: John Wiley & Sons Inc, 2006

Riassunto

This fully updated second volume of the highly successful WWRF Book of Visions is a unique and timely book, presenting up-to-the-minute ideas and trends in mobile communications. This is a comprehensive single point of reference, focusing on the specifications and requirements of 4G and identifying potential business models, the research areas and required spectrum and enabling technologies.

Comprising material from White Papers edited within the working expert groups as well as those from the Vision Committee of WWRF, a top-down approach has been adopted starting from perceived users requirements and their expectations in the Future Wireless World.

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Informazioni sull?autore

Professor Rahim Tafazolli is Head of the Mobile Communications Research Group at the Centre for Communication Systems Research, University of Surrey, UK. His research activities are on optimization techniques for mobile multimedia networks, mainly on advance Resource management, Mobility management and Media Access Control. He has published more than 300 research papers in refereed journals, international conferences and as invited speaker, and has more than 15 patents in the field of mobile communications. He is the founder and past Chairman of International Conference on “3G Mobile Technologies”. He is also member of IEE Committee on the UK Regulations on “Information Technology & Telecommunications”, a member of the WWRF Vision Committee, and past Chairman of “New Technologies” group of Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF), and academic co-ordinator of the UK Mobile VCE (Virtual Centre of Excellence).

Dalla quarta di copertina

As 3G mobile communication systems are being deployed, the research community is now focusing on the research needed for the long-term evolution of 3G and 4G systems. This fully updated second volume of the successful Technologies for the Wireless Future is a unique and timely book, presenting up-to-the-minute ideas and trends in mobile communications. The result of pioneering cooperative work of many academic and industrial researchers from WWRF, this comprehensive single point of reference examines the specifications and requirements of 4G and identifying potential business models, research areas and required spectrum and enabling technologies.

Features a wealth of new material, including three new chapters on short-range wireless communications, security and trust, and self-organisation in communication networks, new coverage of reconfigurability, ad hoc networking and multi-user MIMO. The content will have wide-ranging appeal to engineers, researchers, managers and students with an interest in the future of wireless.

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Technologies for the Wireless Future

Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF), Volume 2

John Wiley & Sons

Copyright © 2006 Rahim Tafazolli
All right reserved.
ISBN: 978-0-470-02905-3

Chapter One

Introduction

Edited by Mikko Uusitalo (Nokia)

Currently, there are approximately two billion mobile phone users worldwide. A rapidly growing fraction of them is using third generation mobile phones. There were about 50 million 3G subscribers in the beginning of August 2005. Research on what will come beyond the third generation has been active since the change of the millennium.

Wireless World Research Forum (WWRF) was established in 2001 to facilitate the road towards the generation beyond the third. By joining forces early, the community could better understand what is relevant in research and thereby reduce risks in research investments. This should ease future standardization. Interactions in WWRF have also created research cooperation of a magnitude bigger than 100 million euros. This is not formally linked to WWRF. There are also many independent ongoing initiatives. All these activities have contributed to starting a discussion on 3G long-term evolution in 3GPP since the end of 2004 and in 3GPP2 since the beginning of 2005.

However, over the years it has become evident that the future is much more complex than a new cellular radio and the related infrastructure. There has been great focus on user perspective and technologies to make the life of the user simpler with better quality of life. There has been substantial innovation in radio lately. In 2003, WWRF Working Group WG on short-range radio was established to reflect this. There is also a major trend toward the convergence of digital industries. In future, the telecommunications industry will be joined by information technology (IT), consumer electronics, broadcasting and media, and entertainment industries to form a common digital industry. Content will be in digital form and usable across the media and industries. The same generalization will apply to services and applications. The different industries have different modes of operation and their convergence will change these. One example of converging industries is the emergence of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.XX standards from the communication needs of IT.

On the basis of the experience of the third generation, future systems should be developed mainly from the user perspective with respect to potential services and applications including traffic demands. Therefore, the WWRF was launched in 2001 as a global and open initiative of manufacturers, network operators, Small and Medium-size Enterprises (SMEs), R&D centres and academic institutions. The WWRF is focused on the vision of such systems - the Wireless World - and potential key technologies. In the past, it took some 10 years for each generation to come to the market. The future will show whether this pattern will be repeated or whether there will be gradual evolution instead of a clear new generation.

One of the main drivers for the WWRF vision is the introduction of new services and the transformation of the network usage model. I-centric services, adjustable to a vast range of user profiles and needs, along with seamless connectivity anywhere, anytime are considered crucial to the vision of the emerging Wireless World. In addition, the cost/benefit ratio will make such services affordable and less expensive than any alternative or traditional solutions. Flexibility, adaptability, reusability, innovative user interfaces, and attractive business models, will be the key to the success of the systems envisioned for deployment beyond the year 2010. This book outlines this vision of the future considering the environmental, contextual, and technical aspects.

The first version of the Book of Visions was published in 2001 (commonly referred to as 'The Book of Visions 2001') and was an early attempt to document the long-term vision of the Wireless World that each one of us will live in. The second version, Technologies for the Wireless Future, volume 1, is complementary to this book. Since 2001, the WWRF WGs have received a constant flow of contributions. Meetings have been unique opportunities for both industry and academia to harmonize their views on the aroused topics. Some of these topics have mobilized several contributors to write common white papers together. This new Book of Visions is the up-to-date collection of those white papers and added complementary material. Hundreds of researchers around the world from every sector of the information and communications industry have contributed and constructed the Wireless World ahead of us, and this book summarizes their collective wisdom.

The Forum has already played the initiator role in the establishment of the Wireless World Initiative (WWI), a European research project, as an initial step towards the basis of future standardization of the beyond 3G systems. WWI involves some 100 organizations under an umbrella of research activities of the order of 100 million euros. Many other smaller research co-operations have been influenced through interactions with WWRF. Right from the beginning the activities and participation in WWRF have been global, especially as the non-European members in WWRF have advanced similar cooperatives in other regions.

The work of WWRF continues at an ever enlarging volume. It is a unique process harmonizing views from both industry and academia. Through the harmonization of their views the participants can join and focus their resources in research and consequently reduce risk for investments in future system development. The WWRF membership is open to all interested in research on and beyond 3G.

1.1 Goals and Objectives - Shaping the Global Wireless Future

WWRF aims to develop a common global vision for future wireless to drive research and standardization. Major items on the road towards this aim are:

influencing decision makers' views of the wireless world;

enabling powerful R&D collaborations;

advancing wireless frontiers to serve our customers.

The major objectives of the WWRF are:

to develop and maintain a consistent vision of the Wireless World;

to generate, identify and promote research areas and technical and society trends for mobile and wireless systems towards the Wireless World;

to identify and assess the potential of new technologies and trends for the Wireless World;

to contribute to the definition of international and national research programmes;

to simplify future standardization processes by harmonization and dissemination of views;

to inform a wider audience about research activities that are focused on the Wireless World.

The other objectives are:

to contribute to the development of a common and comprehensive vision for the Wireless World and to concentrate on the definition of research relevant to the future of mobile and wireless communications, including pre-regulatory impact assessments;

to invite worldwide participation and be open to all actors;

to disseminate and communicate Wireless World concepts;

to provide a platform for the presentation of research results.

The WWRF supports the 3GPP, 3GPP2, European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI), Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), International Telecommunication Union (ITU), Universal Mobile Telecommunications Systems (UMTS) Forum and other relevant bodies relating to commercial and standardization issues derived from the research work. However, the WWRF is not a standardization body. Liaison agreements are established with the UMTS Forum (January 2003), Mobile IT Forum (mITF) (May 2003), IEEE Communication Society (October 2003), SDR Forum (December 2004), and the Next-Generation Mobile Communications (NGMC) Forum (May 2005). The WWRF has also a non-formal liaison via individual WWRF steering board members. Such organizations are 3GPP, 3GPP2, CDMA Development Group (CDG), Defence Advanced Research Projects Agency DARPA, Future Forum of China, and the European Technology Platforms eMobility as well as Advanced Research and Development on Embedded Intelligent Systems (ARTEMIS).

1.2 Structure of WWRF

The WWRF is open to all those sharing the same objectives. There are three kinds of memberships. The normal membership type is a full member. Sponsor members pay higher membership fee and can be members of the Forum Steering Board. Then there are five founding members: Alcatel, Ericsson, Motorola, Nokia, and Siemens. In addition to the founding members, the sponsor members in October 2005 were Bell Mobility, Eurescom, France Telecom, Huawei, IBM, Intel, LG Electronics, Lucent, NEC, Nortel Networks, Raytheon, Samsung, and Vodafone. All members are represented in the General Assembly, meeting usually in conjunction with WWRF plenary meetings. The General Assembly is the highest decision making body and it elects WWRF executives: chair, vice chair Americas, Asia Pacific, Europe Middle East, Africa, and the treasurer. The topics are divided between focused WGs. Also, there are special interest groups that cover issues that cross more than one WG subject area, as shown in Figure 1.1. All the groups select their chair and vice chair through voting. The Steering Board operates the forum based on the WWRF objectives and follows decisions made by the General Assembly. The Steering Board consists of WWRF executives, WG and SIG chairs, five representatives of the founding members and 10 representatives from the sponsor members. The Vision Committee coordinates the content work of the WWRF and links the work at WGs and SIGs together. More information on the structure of WWRF can be found from the website.

1.3 The International Context and B3G/4G Activities

The WWRF is a consortium of many leading mobile telecommunications companies, research organizations and universities. The goal of WWRF is to ensure momentum, strategic orientation and the impact of the research on wireless communication beyond 3G. WWRF emphasizes that systems in the Wireless World should be the integration of 2G, IMT-2000, their enhancements, and other systems such as wireless local area networks (WLAN) type systems, short-range connectivity, broadcast systems and new radio interface concepts on a common IP-based platform. Continuous connectivity between end-users and a variety of services are considered to play a vital role in enhancing the wireless technology. Other issues, such as short-range spontaneous networking, system coexistence and interworking will also help to bring up the revolution in the wireless technology arena.

There are also many initiatives other than WWRF working on B3G and 4G. The following section will provide further information on these. In addition to the listed major activities and non-mentioned companies involved in these, there are many SMEs and other smaller players trying to bring their disruptive solutions to the markets.

1.3.1 International Initiatives

IEEE

The IEEE is a non-profit, technical, and professional association of more than 365,000 individual members from approximately 150 countries. The full name is the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc.

Through its members, the IEEE is a leading authority in technical areas ranging from computer engineering, biomedical technology, and telecommunications, to electric power, aerospace engineering, and consumer electronics, amongst others.

Through its technical publishing, conferences and consensus-based standards activities, the IEEE:

produces 30% of the world's published literature in electrical and electronics engineering, and computer science areas;

holds annually more than 300 major conferences;

has nearly 900 active standards with almost 500 more under development.

The IEEE 802 LAN/MAN Standards Committee (LMSC) develops standards for Local and Metropolitan Area Networks MAN (LAN, MAN) and short-range communications, mainly for the lowest two layers of the Reference Model for Open Systems Interconnection (OSI). LMSC coordinates with other national and international standards groups. There are several IEEE 802 standards that will play an integral part in the future wireless world.

B3G/4G at the International Telecommunication Union (ITU)

The International Telecommunication Union-Radio (ITU-R) ITU-Radio Sector, Working Party 8F (ITU-R WP8F) and ITU-Telecommunication Sector, Special Study Group (ITU-T SSG) have undertaken high-level vision work to help facilitate global consensus on basic system concepts. These activities are a prerequisite for the World Radio Conferences (WRC) (in particular WRC '07) to discuss and to identify new spectrums for future systems. Its visions and recommendations for technical realization are built on expected user requirements on future mobile telecommunication systems. The ITU-R concentrates on the technical aspect of International Mobile Telecommunications (IMT) 2000 and systems beyond, and is addressing future market and the services aspects, spectrum needs beyond 2010, and high-level goals for the new radio interface(s). The vision stresses seamless service provisioning across a multitude of wireless systems as being an important feature of future generation systems. In general, the views of ITU-R and WWRF are aligned to a large extent, such as the research goals of 100 Mb/s high mobility and 1 Gb/s low mobility. The ITU-R Assembly approved a related recommendation in the beginning of June 2003 on the future framework for IMT-2000 and Systems Beyond (the vision), which serves as an important foundation in developing global consensus and for the forthcoming process of spectrum identification at WRC '07. One of the main activities in the future will be to prepare for the WRC '07 and facilitate global studies on the future market, services, and spectrum needs beyond 2010.

SDR Forum

The Software Define Radio (SDR) Forum is an international, non-profit organization dedicated to promoting the development, deployment and use of SDR technology for advanced wireless systems. The mission of the SDR Forum is to accelerate the development and deployment of SDR technologies in wireless networks to support the need of civil, commercial and military market sectors.

The Technical, Regulatory, and Markets Committees in the Forum, and their WGs:

develop requirements and/or standards for SDR technologies;

cooperatively address the global regulatory environment;

provide a common ground to codify global developments;

serve as an industry meeting place.

The SDR Forum meets five times a year in major global regions. Typically, meetings involve plenary sessions to address the forum's business aspects, management of work and approval of documents, while industry leaders and key analysts are occasionally invited to speak on SDR topics. Moreover, e-mail reflectors and conference calls are held throughout the year. Work contributions are solicited from both members and nonmembers. Additionally, the SDR Forum hosts a yearly international technical conference and product exposition on technologies, standards, and business activities related to the forum's interests. Furthermore, the forum periodically schedules seminars and workshops for policy makers, while surveys are also conducted to examine the progress of SDR technologies.

(Continues...)

Excerpted from Technologies for the Wireless Future Copyright © 2006 by Rahim Tafazolli. Excerpted by permission.
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Dettagli dell'edizione

• Editore: John Wiley & Sons Inc
• Data di pubblicazione: 2006
• Lingua: Inglese
• ISBN 10: 0470029056
• ISBN 13: 9780470029053
• Rilegatura: Copertina rigida
• Numero di pagine: 485
• Redattore: Tafazolli Rahim
• Contatto del produttore: non disponibile
• Persona responsabile: non disponibile