The Aims of Argument: A Rhetoric and Reader - Brossura

Crusius, Timothy; Channell, Carolyn

Brossura

ISBN 10: 0767411315 ISBN 13: 9780767411318

Casa editrice: McGraw-Hill Education, 1999

Riassunto

Book by Crusius Timothy Channell Carolyn

Su questo libro

Contenuti

Preface

Note to Students

PART I. THE AIMS OF ARGUMENT

1. An Overview of Key Terms

What Is Argument? / How Should We Approach Argument? / What Are the Aims of Argument? / Arguing to Inquire / Arguing to Convince / Arguing to Persuade / Arguing to Negotiate / The Aims of Argument: A Summary / What Is Rhetoric

2. Reading an Argument

Before You Read / Recalling Prior Knowledge / Considering the Rhetorical Context / As You Read / The First Reading / Anna Quindlen, “Making the Mosaic” / The Second Reading / The Third Reading / After You Read

3. Analyzing an Argument: A Simplified Toulmin Method

A Preliminary Critical Reading / William F. May, “Rising to the Occasion of Our Death” / A Step-by-Step Demonstration of the Toulmin Method / Analyzing the Claim / Analyzing the Reasons / Analyzing the Evidence / Noting Refutations / Summarizing Your Analysis / Student Sample: An Argument for Analysis: Amber Young, “Capital Punishment: Society’s Self-Defense”

4. Preparing to Write: Arguing to Inquire

The Importance of Inquiry / Questions for Inquiry / Inquiry and Written Arguments: The Process of Dialogue / A Preliminary Critical Reading / Michael Levin, “The Case for Torture” / A Sample Dialogue / Evaluating an Argument: An Analysis Based on Inquiry / Preparing to Write / From Dialogue to Draft / A Sample Analysis: “Michael Levin’s ‘The Case for Torture’: A Dangerous Oversimplification” / William Murchison, “City Shouldn’t Ignore Morality” / Student Sample: An Analysis Based on Inquiry: Cindy Tarver, “An Appeal to Prejudice” / Inquiring into a Range of Positions / The Exploratory Essay / Three Opposing Positions: William F. May, “Rising to the Occasion of Our Death,” Sidney Hook, “In Defense of Voluntary Euthanasia,” Matthewe Conolly, “Euthanasia Is Not the Answer” / A Sample Exploratory Essay: “Exploring the Issue of Voluntary Euthanasia” / Using Inquiry by Peers in Writing an Argument

5. Making Your Case: Arguing to Convince

The Nature of Convincing: Structure and Strategy / Case Structure / Case Strategy / Anne Marie O’Keefe, “The Case against Drug Testing” / The Process of Convincing / Preparing a Brief / From Brief to Draft / Revising the Draft / Reader’s Checklist for Revision / Editing and Proofreading / Student Sample: An Essay to Convince: Justin Spidel, “Who Should Have the Right to Marry?”

6. Appealing to the Whole Person: Arguing to Persuade

A Matter of Emphasis: When to Convince and When to Persuade / Analyzing Your Readers / Who Is the Audience, and How Do They View the Topic? / What Are Our Differences? / What Do We Have in Common? / Reading a Persuasive Essay / Background / The Basic Message / Martin Luther King, Jr., “Letter from Birmingham Jail” / King’s Analysis of His Audience: Identification and Overcoming Difference / Using the Forms of Appeal / The Appeal to Reason / The Appeal to Character / The Appeal to Emotion / The Appeal through Style / Drafting a Persuasive Essay / Conceiving a Readership / Discovering the Resources of Appeal / Reader’s Checklist for Revising a Persuasive Essay / Student Sample: An Essay to Persuade: Joey Shanks, “An Uncomfortable Position”

7. Negotiation and Mediation: Resolving Conflict

Negotiation and the Other Aims of Argument / The Process of Negotiation and Mediation / Understanding the Spirit of Negotiation / Understanding the Opposing Positions: Margaret Liu McConnell, “Living with Roe v. Wade,” Ellen Willis, “Putting Women Back into the Abortion Debate” / Locating the Areas of Disagreement / Questions about Difference / Defining the Problem in Terms of the Real Interests / Inventing Creative Options / Gathering More Data / Reaching a Solution Based on Agreed-upon Principles / The Mediatory Essay / Roger Rosenblatt, “How to End the Abortion War” / Analyzing a Mediatory Essay / Writing a Mediatory Essay / Student Sample: A Mediatory Essay: Angi Grellhesl, “Mediating the Speech Code Controversy”

8. Image and Argument: Visual Rhetoric

Understanding Visual Rhetoric / Analysis: Common Types of Visual Rhetoric / “Reading” Images / Advertisements / Editorial Cartoons / Public Sculpture / News Photographs / Graphics / Russell A. Barkley, “Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder” / Writing Assignments / One: Analyzing an Advertisement or Editorial Cartoon: Student Sample: Kelly Williams, “A Mother’s Treat” / Two: Using Visual Rhetoric as Promotion for Your School / Three: Analyzing Your Own Visual Rhetoric / Four: Writing to Convince / Five: Using Graphics to Supplement Your Own Writing or Other Texts / Reader’s Checklist for Using Graphics / Image and Argument: Color Section

9. Researching Arguments

Finding an Issue / Understand That an Issue Is More Than Merely a Topic / Keep Abreast of Current Events / Research the News / Research Your Library’s Periodicals Indexes / Inquire into the Issue / Finding Sources / Field Research / Library and Online Research / Internet Research / Evaluating Sources / Eliminate Inappropriate Sources / Carefully Record Complete Bibliographic Information / Read the Source Critically / Inquire into the Source / Consider How You Might Use the Source / Suggestions for Evaluating Sources / Using Sources / Taking Notes / Suggestions for Taking Notes / Paraphrasing / Suggestions for Paraphrasing / Summarizing / Suggestions for Summarizing / James Rachels, from The End of Life / Patrick Pugh, Summary of Excerpt from The End of Life / Creating an Annotated Bibliography / Incorporating and Documenting Source Material in the Text of Your Argument / Different Styles of Documentation / Guidelines for Using MLA and APA Style / Direct Quotations / Indirect Quotations / Creating a Works-Cited or Reference List / Books / Periodicals / Nonprint Sources / Electronic Sources / A Student Research Paper (MLA Style)

PART II. READINGS: ISSUES AND ARGUMENTS

10. Immigration

David Kennedy, Can We Still Afford to Be a Nation of Immigrants? / Peter Brimelow, Time to Rethink Immigration? / Linda Chavez, What to Do about Immigration / Nicolaus Mills, Lifeboat Ethics and Immigration Fears / David Maung, Photograph / Leslie Marmon Silko, The Border Patrol State

11. Feminism

Cassandra Langer, What Is Feminism? / Deborah Rhode, Women’s Movements, Men’s Movements / Susan Faludi, The Backlash Against Feminism / Kirk Anderson, Cartoon / Naomi Wolf, The Beauty Myth / Christina Hoff Somers, The Backlash Myth / Katie Roiphe, The Independent Woman (and Other Lies) / Elizabeth Mitchell, An Odd Break with the Human Heart / Two Ads for Women’s Jeans

12. Marriage and Family

Arlene Skolnick, The Paradox of Perfection / Midge Decter, The Madness of the American Family / Betty Holcomb, Families Are Changing for the Better / Stephanie Coontz, The Future of Marriage / Cheney, Cartoon / Barbara Dafoe Whitehead, The Making of a Divorce Culture / David Popenoe, A World without Fathers

13. Gay and Lesbian Rights

Jeffrey Nickel, Everybody’s Threatened by Homophobia / Pete Hamill, Confessions of a Heterosexual / Gary Trudeau, Cartoon / Peter J. Gomes, Homophobic? Reread Your Bible / Jonathan Alter, Degrees of Discomfort / Jonathan Rauch, Beyond Oppression / Toni A. H. McNaron, In or Out in the Classroom?

14. The News and Ethics

Jack Fuller, What Is News? / Michael Schudson, In All Fairness / Jim Squires, The Impossibility of Fairness / M. Twohy, Cartoon / W. Lance Bennett, Escaping the News Prison: How People See beyond the Walls / James Fallows, “Public Journalism”: An Attempt to Connect the Media with the Public

15. Liberal Education and Contemporary Culture

Arthur Levine and Jeanette S. Cureton, College Life: An Obituary / Lois Bernstein, Photograph / Mark Edmundson, On the Uses of Liberal Education: As Lite Entertainment for Bored College Students / Earl Shorris, On the Uses of Liberal Education: As a Weapon in the Hands of the Restless Poor / John Tagg, The Decline of the Knowledge Factory: Why Our Colleges Must Change

16. Race and Class

Bruce Roberts, Photograph / Ryszard Kapuscinski, Second Thoughts about America’s Racial Paradise / Michael Lind, The Beige and the Black / Abigail and Stephan Thernstrom, Black Progress: How Far We’ve Come—And How Far We Have to Go / Linda Darling-Hammond, Unequal Opportunity: Race and Education / Shelby Steele, The Recoloring of Campus Life / Patricia J. Williams, The Distribution of Distress

17. The Twenty-First Century

Michiko Kaku, Choreographers of Matter, Life, and Intelligence / Bettman, Photograph / Larry King, from Future Talk (Interviews with Marian Wright Edelman, Marjorie Margolies-Mezvinsky, Maya Angelou, and Elaine Pagels) / Max Dublin, The Power of Prophecy / Robert D. Kaplan, The Coming Anarchy / Adrian Berry, Have We Got Company?

In each chapter:

For Further Research and Discussion

Additional Suggestions for Writing

Appendix A: Editing and Proofreading

Appendix B: Keeping a Writer’s Notebook

Credits

Index

Dettagli dell?edizione

• Editore: McGraw-Hill Education
• Data di pubblicazione: 1999
• ISBN 10: 0767411315
• ISBN 13: 9780767411318
• Rilegatura: Copertina flessibile
• Lingua: Inglese
• Numero edizione: 3
• Numero di pagine: 783