Articoli correlati a Engineering Physics
Sinossi
Meeting the need for a text that explores physics with an emphasis on practical application, Engineering Physics covers basic and advanced principles for undergraduate engineering, physics, and science students. Part 1 discusses fundamental theories such as crystallography and crystal imperfection, thermoelectricity, thermionic-emission, ultrasonic waves, acoustics, and semiconductors. Part 2 covers advanced topics such as thin film interference and diffraction, x-rays, motion of the charged particle in electric and magnetic fields, quantum physics and Schrödinger wave equation, lasers, holography, fiber optics, radioactivity, and superconductivity. The author explains the technical aspects, applications, fundamental principles, and mechanisms of semiconductor devices, transistors, and CROs with energy level diagrams. She discusses crystal structures, different properties of materials, and the reasons why a particular element has a particular structure. Logically structured to make the content progressively more challenging, each section concludes with problems and questions that deepen understanding of the subject.
Le informazioni nella sezione "Riassunto" possono far riferimento a edizioni diverse di questo titolo.
Contenuti
CRYSTALLOGRAPHY AND CRYSTAL IMPERFECTION
Crystal Structure
Space Lattice, Basis, Unit Cell
Lattice Parameter
Lattice Vector and Direction
Seven Crystal System
Bravais Space Lattice
Symmetry Elements of a Crystalline Solid
Coordinates of a Lattice Point
Number of Atoms Per Unit Cell
Coordination Number
Atomic Radius
Packing Density or Atomic Packing Factor
Calculation of Lattice Constant or Crystal Density
Miller Indices
Different Crystal Planes with Miller Indices
Direction of a Line
Interplanner Distance
Interplanner Spacing for Cubic System
Important Features of Miller Indices
Effects on Crystal Due to Presence of Imperfection
Causes of Imperfections in Crystals
Different Types of Crystal Defects
Diamond Structure
Barium Titanate (BaTiO3)
Interstitial Voids
Ligancy and Ionic Crystal Structure
Problems
Questions
THERMO-ELECTRICITY
Seebeck Effect or Thermoelectric Effect
Origin of Seebeck Effect
Thermoelectric Series
Variation of Thermoelectric e.m.f. with Temperature
Thermoelectric Power
Determination of Neutral Temperature (Tn) and Temperature of Inversion (Ti) from Seebeck Coefficient
Seebeck Coefficients
Law of Intermediate Metals
Law of Successive Temperature
Thermoelectric Thermometer
Thermistor
Problems
Questions
THERMIONIC EMISSION
Introduction
Theoretical Explanation for Thermionic Emission
Richardson Dushman Equation
Thermionic Valve
Diode Characteristics
Child Langmuir Law for Space Charge Limited Current
Diode as Rectifier
Problems
Questions
ULTRASONIC
Introduction
Production of Ultrasonic Waves
Amplifier
Oscillator
Tuned Circuit
Positive Feedback Amplifier as an Oscillator
Magnetostriction Oscillator
Piezo Electric Effect
Piezoelectric Oscillator
Detection of Ultrasonics
Applications of Ultrasonics
PZT Ceramics
Ultrasonic Transducer
Problems
Questions
ACOUSTICS
Basic Requirements for an Acoustically Good Hall
Reverberation and Time of Reverberation
Derivation of Reverberation Time
Sabine's Formula for Reverberation Time T (R-Time)
Absorption Coefficient
Measurement of Absorption Coefficient
Factors Affecting Architectural Acoustics and Their Remedy
Problems
Questions
SEMICONDUCTORS
Formation of Energy Gap
Metals, Insulators, and Semiconductors
Intrinsic Semiconductor
Electrons and Positive Hole in a Semiconductor
Fermi Level and Effect of Temperature on Intrinsic Semiconductor
Fermi Level in an Intrinsic Semiconductor
Extrinsic Semiconductor
Fermi Level in an Extrinsic Semiconductor
Variation of Fermi Level with Temperature in Extrinsic Semiconductor
p-n Junction without Applied Field
Semiconductor Junction with Applied Voltage
V-I Characteristics of p-n Junction Diode
Semiconductor Diode as Rectifier
Transistor
Working Principle of Transistor (Under C.B. Configuration)
Transistor Characteristics
Current Relation in CE Mode
Relation between adc and bdc
Problems
Questions
THIN FILM INTERFERENCE AND DIFFRACTION
Wave Nature of Light
Interference
Analytical Discussion and Conditions for Constructive and Destructive Interference
Interference Due to Reflected Light (Parallel Thin Film)
Interference Due to Tranmitted Light
Intensity Distribution
Origin of Colours in Thin Film
Necessity of a Broad Source
Fringes Produced by Wedge-Shaped Film
Fringe Width
Nature of Interference Pattern
Thickness of the Wedge
Testing the Flatness of Surfaces
Newton's Ring
Determination of the Radius of Curvature of the Plano-Convex Lens, Wave Length of Light Used, and Refractive Index of Some Unknown Liquid
Non-Reflecting Films
Totally Reflecting Film (Sun Control Film)
Optical Diffraction
Fraunhofer Diffraction
Fraunhofer Theory of Diffraction at Double Slit
Fraunhofer Theory of Diffraction Grating
Resultant Intensity
Absent Spectra
Maximum Number of Order of Spectra in a Grating
Dispersive Power of the Grating
Spectrum Formulation and Overlapping of Spectrum Lines
Determination of Unknown Wave Length by Diffraction Grating
Problems
Questions
X-RAYS
Discovery of X-Rays
Production of X-Rays
Modern Coolidge Tube
Detection of X-Rays
Moseley's Law
Comparison between Bohr's Theory of Atomic Spectra and Moseley's Law
Properties of X-Rays
X-Ray Diffraction and Bragg's Law
Explanation of X-Ray Diffraction
Bragg's Spectrometer and Different Methods for X-Ray Diffraction
Uses of X-Ray Diffraction Pattern
Problems
Questions
MOTION OF THE CHARGED PARTICLE IN ELECTRIC AND MAGNETIC FIELD
Introduction
Motion of Charged Particle in a Parallel Electric Field
Motion of Electron in Transverse Electric Field
Motion of Electron in Transverse Magnetic Field
Motion of the Charged Particle in Crossed Electric and Magnetic Field and Its Application (Cathode Ray Tube)
Experimental Set-up for Thompson Method for Measuring e/m of Electron
Vertical Deflection due to Electric and Magnetic Field on a Screen and Sensitivity
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope (C.R.O.)
Cyclotron
Electrostatic Focusing
Magnetic Focussing and Magnetic Lens
Aston-Mass Spectrograph
Bain Bridge's Mass Spectrograph
Problems
Questions
QUANTUM PHYSICS AND SCHRODINGER WAVE EQUATION
Introduction
Quantum Theory of Radiation
Photo-Electric Effect
Einstein's Photo-Electric Equation
Compton Effect
Wave Nature of Particle
de-Broglie's Hypothesis
Devission and Germer Experiment
Properties of Matter Waves and How They Differ from Sound and Light Waves
Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
Verification of Heisenberg Principle
Electron Microscope
The Wave Function
Physical Significance of Wave Function
Development of Wave Equation
Phase Velocity and Group Velocity
Schrodinger Wave Equation (Time Dependent)
Schrodinger Time Independent Wave Equation
Eigen Value Equation
Stationary State
Applications of Schrodinger Time Independent Equation
Questions
LASER, HOLOGRAPHY, AND FIBER OPTICS
Introduction-Laser
Population Inversion and Optical Pumping
Operating Principle in Laser Light
Characteristic Properties of Laser
Ruby Laser
Helium-Neon Laser
Molecular Energy Levels
Carbon Dioxide Laser
Dye Laser
Semiconductor Laser and Light Emitting Diode (LED)
Introduction-Holography
Introduction-Fiber Optics
Total Internal Reflection
Propagation of Light in Fiber
Different Types of Optical Fiber
Types of Rays (Meridional and Skew Rays)
Modes of Propagation in Fiber
Multimode and Monomode Fibers
Dispersion-Inter Model Dispersion
Loses in Fiber Cable
Photo Detector
Components of an Optoelectronic Communication System
Use of Optical Fiber
Advantages of Optical Fiber
Problems
Questions
RADIOACTIVITY
Introduction
Electrical Instruments as Detectors
Radioactive Disintegration or Decay
Natural Radio-Isotope
Law of Radioactive Disintegration
Half Life
Nuclear Force
Packing Fraction
Binding Energy of the Nucleus
Q-Valve
Artificial Transmitation or Artificial Disintegration
Rutherford's Experiment
Artificial Radioactivity and Artificial-Isotopes
Radio-Isotopes of Transuranium Elements
Uses of Radio-Isotopes
Nuclear Reactions
Theory of Nuclear Fission
Nuclear Fission as a Source of Energy
The Controlled Chain Reacting System
Nuclear Reactor
Thermo-Nuclear Reactions or Nuclear Fusion
Stellar Thermonuclear Reaction
Comparisons Between Fission and Fusion
Problems
Questions
SUPERCONDUCTIVITY
Introduction
Meissner Effect
Theoretical Explanation of Superconductivity: B.C.S. Theory
Energy Gap
Effect of External Magnetic Field on Superconducting State
London
Properties of Superconductor
Questions
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