A Guide to Wetland Functional Design provides coherent design guidance on wetland replacement for estuarine, palustrine, riverine, and lacustrine systems. It describes wetland design from a functional standpoint and addresses subjects such as wetland hydrology, nutrient removal and transformation, sediment and toxicant retention, shoreline stabilization, floodflow alteration, groundwater recharge, and wildlife habitat. The guide is loaded with figures and tables to help illustrate key points, and it is presented in an easy-to-use format that leaves plenty of room for making notes. A Guide to Wetland Functional Design is an essential tool for individuals involved in a wetland replacement project. Environmental consultants, government regulators, environmental managers, and anyone interested in wetland functional design, wetland creation, or restoration will find this handy guide packed with useful information.
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INTRODUCTION. Need for this Guidebook. Definitions and Assumptions. Basis for this Guidebook: Wetland Evaluation Technique. Guidebook Scope. Limitations. Wetland Replacement Design in the Impact Evaluation/Mitigation Process. Guidebook Organization. Designing for Multiple Function Replacement. Relationship to Other Mitigation Reports. WETLAND HYDROLOGY. Hydroperiod Definitions. Designing for Specific Hydroperiods. Nontidal Wetland Basin Types: A Summary. Sedimentation and Erosion Considerations. NUTRIENT REMOVAL/TRANSFORMATION. Nutrient Sources. Water Source. Hydroperiod. Soils and Water Alkalinity. Channel Gradient and Water Velocity. Outlet Characteristics. Vegetation Class and Form Richness. Vegetated Width. Wetland/Watershed Ratio. SEDIMENT/TOXICANT RETENTION. Wetland System. Channel Gradient and Water Velocity. Outlet Characteristics. Fetch/Exposure. Water Depth. Water Source. Flooding Extent and Duration. Vegetated Width/Vegetation Class. Water/Vegetation Proportions and Interspersion. Wetland/Watershed Ratio. Land Cover of the Watershed. Sediment and Contaminant Sources. Substrate Type. SHORELINE STABILIZATION. Erosive Conditions. Sheet Flow. Vegetation Class. Vegetated Width. Water/Vegetation Proportions. Fetch/Exposure. Shoreline Geometry. Resource Protection. FLOODFLOW ALTERATION. Wetland System. Outlet Characteristics. Land Cover of the Watershed. Watershed Soils. Wetland/Watershed Ratio. Water/Vegetation Proportions and Interspersion. Vegetation Class. Sheet Flow. GROUND WATER RECHARGE. Wetland System. Land Cover of the Watershed. Watershed Soils. Underlying Soils. Underlying Strata. Water Source. Artificial Drainage Features. Outlet Characteristics. Local Topography. Water Chemistry. PRODUCTION EXPORT. Vegetation Class and Form Richness. Water/Vegetation Proportions and Interspersion. Vegetated Width. High Plant Productivity. Outlet Characteristics. Flooding Extent and Duration. Sheet Flow. Channel Gradient and Water Velocity. Fetch/Exposure. Water Level Control. Wetland/Watershed Ratio. Watershed Size. Substrate Type. pH. Target Area. Fringe/Island Wetland. AQUATIC DIVERSITY/ABUNDANCE. Hydroperiod. Outlet Characteristics. Flooding Extent and Duration. Water Source. Water Level Control. Channel Gradient and Water Velocity. Water/Vegetation Proportions. Vegetated Canopy. Vegetation Form Richness. Vegetation/Water Interspersion. Aquatic Habitat Features. Vegetation Class. Physical Habitat Interspersion. Diversity Enhancement. Watershed Size. Substrate Type. Wetland Acreage. Sediment and Contaminant Sources. Water Chemistry. Wetland/Watershed Ratio. WETLAND DEPENDENT BIRD HABITAT DIVERSITY. Wetland Acreage. Wetland Density. Water/Vegetation Proportions and Interspersion. Vegetation Class Interspersion. Vegetation Class/Subclass (Primary). Vegetation Form Richness. Vegetated Canopy. Vegetated Width. Plants: Waterfowl Value. Diversity Enhancement. Regional Diversity. Most Permanent Hydroperiod. Channel Gradient and Water Velocity. Outlet Characteristics. Islands. Fetch/Exposure. Substrate Type. Upland/Wetland Edge. Special Upland Habitat Features. Adjacent Forest Acreage. Watershed Size. pH. Contaminant Sources. Human Disturbance. Land Cover of the Watershed. Location and Size. DESIGNING FOR MULTIPLE FUNCTIONS. Site Selection. Site Design. Example of a Multiple Function Design. REFERENCES. APPENDIX A: GLOSSARY. APPENDIX B: WETLAND AND NATIVE PLANT SUPPLIERS.
Book by Marble Anne D
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Da: Better World Books Ltd, Dunfermline, Regno Unito
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