This historic book may have numerous typos and missing text. Purchasers can download a free scanned copy of the original book (without typos) from the publisher. Not indexed. Not illustrated. 1858 edition. Excerpt: ...we seo him after he has actually set. Q. Why does MOTHEB-of-PEABi. show so many colors? A. Mother-of-pearl consists of a vast number of very thin halftransparent layers of unequal thickness, overlapping each other like the scales of a fish. Where these layers terminate, are very small grooves or streaks running in all directions, which act like prisms. It is these streakings or grooves which cause the various and changing colors of mother-of-pearl. The same thing may very easily be imitated, and is frequently done in what are called "iris ornaments," first invented by John Barton. Esq., of the Royal Mint, England. These iris ornaments are mndc of steel, and have about thirty thousand grooves per inch; they are used in court drosses, for buttons, sword-handles, etc., and are very brilliant indeed. Mother-of-pearl may also be imitated, by taking impressions of it in wax, balsam of tolu, isinglass, or gum; these impressions will exhibit nil the shades and colors of mother-of-pearl, merely because the impression will be streaked or grooved in a similar way. Q. Why do the Stabs Twinkle? A. Because the inequalities and undulations in the atmosphere produce unequal refractions of light; and these unequal refractions cause the twinkling or irregular brilliancy of the stars. Q. What is supposed to be the Cause of the refraction of light? A. According to the undulatory theory of light, refraction is due to an alteration in the velocity at which the ray of light travels. According to the corpuscular theory, it is accounted for on the supposition that different substances exert different attractive influences on bodies coming within their influence. Q. What is a Lens? A. A piece of glass or other transparent substance, bounded on both sides by polished...
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