Moral Calculations: Game Theory, Logic, and Human Frailty - Brossura

Mero, Laszlo

Brossura

ISBN 10: 1461272327 ISBN 13: 9781461272328

Casa editrice: Copernicus, 2012

Riassunto

What does game theory tell us about rational behavior? Is there such a thing as rational behavior, and if so, is it of any use to us? In this fascinating book, reknowned Hungarian economist Laszlo Mero shows how game theory illuminates such aspects of human psychology as altruism, competition, and politics, as well as its relevance to disparate fields such as physics and evolutionary biology. He concludes by comparing the roles of rationality and irrationality in what we call "wisdom." This wonderful book is for everyone who wonders what mathematics can tell us about the human condition.

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Contenuti

Games of Morality.- 1. Auction and Posing.- The Dollar Auction Game.- The Three Critical Points.- Out of the Party and into the Psych Lab.- High-Stakes Auctions.- Dollar Auctions in Everyday Life.- Dollar Auctions in the Wild.- Posing for a Random Period.- 2. The Brute as Hero.- Dice and the Common Interest.- A Martian Humankind.- The Protagonist Appears.- Game Theory.- Pure and Mixed Strategies.- Optimal Mixed Strategies.- Who Optimizes and Why?.- 3. The Prisoner’s Dilemma.- Two Logical Solutions.- On the Nature of Logic.- Everyday Prisoner’s Dilemmas.- Prisoner’s Dilemmas with Many Persons.- Iterated Prisoner’s Dilemmas.- Axelrod’s Competitions.- The Personality Traits of the Programs.- Tit for Tat in Sticklebacks.- Psychological Experiments with the Prisoner’s Dilemma.- The Significance of Phrasing.- 4. The Golden Rule.- Logic and the Golden Rule.- The Categorical Imperative.- The Categorical Imperative and Diversity.- The Gift of the Magi.- The Basic Forms of Two-Person Games with Mixed Motivation.- Chicken.- Asymmetric Games.- The Dollar Auction and Ethical Principles.- Cooperation and Rationality.- 5. The Bluff.- The World of Poker.- A Simple Poker Model.- The Evolution of the Poker Face.- The Poker Model Analyzed.- Bluff Big or Not at All.- Bluff as a Cognitive Strategy.- Nature’s Bluffs.- The Sources of Diversity.- 6. John von Neumann’s Game Theory.- The Case of the Schizophrenic Snail.- The Mathematical Background of von Neumann’s Theorem.- The Principle of Rationality.- Rational Players.- The Value of the Game.- Stone—Paper—Scissors.- Generalizations of von Neumann’s Theorem.- Games with Handicap.- The Part and the Whole.- 7. Competition for a Common Goal.- Purely Cooperative Games.- Mutual Fate Control.- Theoretical Considerations.- Experimental Evidence.- Asynchronous Decisions.- The Role of Being Informed.- The Rationale of Curfews.- On the Nature of Psychological Laws.- Cooperation by Competition.- 8. Hawks and Doves.- The Theory of Group Selection.- The Theory of Gene Selection.- Competition Between the Two Theories.- The Struggle Between Hawks and Doves.- Rationality in the Selfish Gene Theory.- Rationality in Group Selection Theory.- Complex Strategies.- 9. Socialism and Free Enterprise.- Economics and Evolution.- The Invisible Hand.- Theories of Equilibrium.- Planned Economies.- The Diversity of Mixed Economies.- The Logic of Evolution.- 10. Games Elementary Particles Play.- The Dual Nature of Light.- Two-Slit Experiments.- If You Ask a Stupid Question ....- Schrödinger’s Equation.- Probabilistic Frogs.- Chance as an Organizing Force.- Searching for the Grand Unified Theory.- The Great Game of Nature.- The Psychology of Rationality.- 11. Loves Me, Loves Me Not.- Schrödinger’s Cat.- Digression: “Poetic” Thoughts.- The Contingency of Human Concepts.- Stone—Paper—Scissors Redux.- The Cheating Innkeeper.- Quasi-rationality.- Plucking Petals.- Distancing.- 12. Rational Irrationality.- Correct Decisions Reached by Inadequate Methods.- Fortuities of Consciousness.- The Methods of Rational Decisions.- Meditative Techniques.- The Scientific Foundations of Meditative Techniques.- Ideomotor Techniques.- Today Thus, Tomorrow Otherwise.- Logic and Intuition.- 13. Collective Rationality.- Analysis of the Science 84 Game.- Outcome of the Million Dollar Game.- The Hidden Aim of the Game.- The Hiding Lottery.- The Smallest Number Wins Game.- The Means of Collective Rationality.- 14. The Heterogeneity of Human Thought.- Logically Isomorphic Tasks.- On the Role of Rationality.- Descartes’s Error.- Where Does Rationality Reside in Us?.- Games People Play.- Further Aspects of Games.- 15. There Are Many Ways to Nirvana.- The Nature of Rational Cognition.- The Nature of Mystical Cognition.- Rationality as a Technique of Distancing.- Beyond Rationality.- The Two Components of Thinking.- Game as Essence.- Nirvana.- References and Further Reading.

Product Description

Book by Mero Laszlo

Dettagli dell?edizione

• Editore: Copernicus
• Data di pubblicazione: 2012
• ISBN 10: 1461272327
• ISBN 13: 9781461272328
• Rilegatura: Copertina flessibile
• Lingua: Inglese
• Numero di pagine: 292
• Contatto del produttore: {language_tag:it_IT,value:"Springer Nature Customer Service Center GmbH; ProductSafety@springernature.com"}