This book provides an introduction and practical guide to chemometric methods used in environmental chemical analysis through interactive examples and real world applications. By presenting basic principles of chemometrics methods along with applications from the field of environmental chemistry, students will be able to comprehend the power of chemometrics to explain complex enviromental problems and chemically-related concepts.
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Introduction
Chemometrics – An Overview
The Importance of Quantitative Environmental Analysis
Common Chemical and Biological Pollutants in Environmental Matrices
Overview of Chemometric Methods used in Environmental Analysis
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
End of Chapter Problems
References
Review of Statistics and Analytical Figures of Merit
Error and Sampling Considerations
Descriptive Statistics
Distribution of Repeated Measurements
Data Quality Indicators (DQIs)
Confidence Intervals
Statistical Tests
Outlying Results
Analysis of Variance
Regression and Calibration Methods
Sensitivity and Limit of Detection
Bayesian Statistics Considered
Expanded Research Application I-Statistical Merits of Calculating Transfer
Coefficients between Environmental Media
Introduction to Excel
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
End of Chapter Problems
References
Quality Assurance in Environmental Analysis
The Role of Chemometrics in Quality Assurance
Quality Assurance Considerations
Environmental Sampling Protocol - General Considerations
Quality Assurance: Sample Collection, Preparation and Storage
Field QA/QC Samples
Laboratory and Instrumental Methods: QA/QC Samples
Standard Addition and Internal Standard Methods
Certified Reference Materials
Statistical Quality Control Charts
Proficiency Testing
Data Archiving, Storage and Auditing
Multivariate Quality Assurance/Control – Initial Considerations
Expanded Research Application II – Monte Carlo Simulation for Estimating
Uncertainly Intervals for the Determination of Nitrate in Drinking Water
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
End of Chapter Problems
References
Experimental Design and Optimization Techniques
System Theory
Review of Linear Regression Models and Matrix Notation
Experimental Design Considerations
Single Factor Categorical Designs
Screening Designs
Three-Level Designs: Response Surface Designs
Mixture Designs
Expanded Research Application III – Optimized Separation of Benzo [A] pyrene-
Quinone Isomers Using Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS) and
Response Surface Methodology
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
End of Chapter Problems
References
Time Series Analysis
Introduction to Time Series Analysis
Smoothing and Digital Filtering
Time Series and Forecast Modeling – A Detailed Look
Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average Models
Outliers in Time Series Analysis
Export Coefficient Modeling
Expanded Research Application IV- Export Coefficient Modeling and Time Series
Analysis of Phosphorus in a Chalk Stream Watershed
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
End of Chapter Problems
References
Multivariate Data Analysis
Introduction to Multivariate Data Analysis
Data Pre-Processing
Correlation Analysis
Pattern Recognition – Unsupervised
Pattern Recognition – Supervised
K – Nearest Neighbor Classification
Soft Independent Modeling of Class Analogy (SIMCA)
Multivariate Calibration Methods
Artificial Neural Networks
Introduction to Artificial Intelligence
The Biological Model
The Computational Model Framework and Network Training
Hybrid Neural Networks
Expanded Research Application VI-XXX
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
End of Chapter Problems
References
Appendix IV. Review of Basic Matrix Algebra Notation and Operations
Swarm Intelligence Metaheuristics
Introduction to Swarm Intelligence
Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO)
Ant Colony Optimization (ACO)
Expanded Research Application VII-XXX
Chapter Summary
Key Terms
End of Chapter Problems
References
Appendix VII. Pseudo and Source Code Information
Appendix XIII. Commonly Used Modeling Languages and Software Packages
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