Reaction Dynamics: 2 - Brossura

Brossura

ISBN 10: 1468435590 ISBN 13: 9781468435597

Casa editrice: Springer, 2012

Riassunto

During the last 30 years our knowledge and understanding of molecular processes has followed the development of increasingly sophisticated tech­ niques for studying fast reactions. Although the results are reported in papers and reviews, it is sometimes difficult for those not themselves active in these fields to find their way through the mass of published material. We hope that each book in this series will present a clear account of the present state of knowledge in a particular field of physical chemistry to research workers in related fields, to research students, and for the preparation of undergraduate and post-graduate lectures. Each chapter describes the theoretical develop­ ment of one area of study and the appropriate experimental techniques; the results presented are chosen to illustrate the theory rather than to attempt a comprehensive review. The first volume published in 1972 was concerned with the reactions of small molecules and free radicals in the gas phase. The development of flash photolysis in the 1950s paved the way by making it possible to generate free radicals in sufficient concentration for a spectroscopic" snapshot" to reveal their molecular structure. Their role in kinetic systems could then be followed directly, rather than be inferred from mechanism. The shock tube enabled gas mixtures to be heated to any desired temperature in a time which was shorter than subsequent chemical reactions. Discharge-flow methods enabled the reactions of atoms and free radicals to be studied directly.

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Contenuti

1. Chemical Reactions of Selectively Energized Species.- 1.1. Introduction.- 1.2. Isotope Enrichment by Selective Photochemical Excitation.- 1.2.1. General Considerations.- 1.2.2. Some Examples of Isotope Enrichment.- 1.3. Some Aspects of Theory.- 1.3.1. Microscopic Reversibility and Detailed Balance.- 1.3.2. Statistical Theories and the Information-Theoretic Approach.- 1.3.3. Collision Dynamics and Potential Energy Hypersurfaces.- 1.3.4. Selective Excitation and Energy Transfer.- 1.4. Unimolecular Reactions.- 1.4.1. Summary of Experimental Methods.- 1.4.2. Tests of Energy Randomization.- 1.4.3. Measurements of the Specific Rate Constant.- 1.5. Bimolecular Reactions.- 1.5.1. Summary of Experimental Methods.- 1.5.2. Atom-Transfer Reactions: Translational Excitation.- 1.5.3. Atom-Transfer Reactions: Internal Excitation.- 1.5.4. Other Types of Reactions.- 1.6. State-to-State Kinetics and Conclusions.- References.- 2. Energy Disposal by Chemical Reactions.- 2.1. Introduction.- 2.2. Experimental Methods.- 2.2.1. General Requirements.- 2.2.2. Translational Distributions.- 2.2.3. Vibrational and Rotational Distributions.- 2.2.4. Polyatomic Internal Energy Distributions at High Energies.- 2.2.5. Promising New Methods.- 2.3. Energy Disposal by Direct (Bimolecular) Reactions.- 2.3.1. Prologue.- 2.3.2. Formation of HX by Abstraction of H by Halogen Atoms.- 2.3.3. Formation of HX and HO(LiO): Reactions of Hydrogen and Lithium Atoms.- 2.3.4. Formation of RX: R + X2 and XX.- 2.3.5. Formation of MX: Abstraction of X by Metal Atoms.- 2.3.6. Formation of CO: Reactions of O Atoms with CS, CSe, CN, and CS2.- 2.4. Energy Disposal by Unimolecular (Long-Lived Complex) Reactions…..- 2.4.1. Prologue.- 2.4.2. Displacement Reactions From Unsaturated Molecules by F or CI Atoms.- 2.4.3. Formation of MX: Metal Atom Reactions with RX.- 2.4.4. Formation of MO: Metal Atom Reactions with 02 and RO.- 2.4.5. Hydrogen Halide Elimination Reactions.- 2.4.6. Formation of CO: Reactions of O Atoms with Unsaturated Organic Molecules.- 2.4.7. Miscellaneous Unimolecular Reactions.- 2.5. Energy Disposal and Potential Surfaces for Bimolecular Reactions.- 2.5.1. F 4- H2, D2 and HD Reactions.- 2.5.2. X + HX Reactions.- 2.5.3. H + X2 and XX Reactions.- 2.5.4. M + X2 and XR Reactions.- 2.6. Potential Energy and Trajectory Calculations for Unimolecular Reactions..- 2.6.1. Small Potential Energy Release.- 2.6.2. Large Potential Energy Release.- 2.7. Summary.- References.- 3. Chemical Lasers.- 3.1. Introduction.- 3.2. The HF (DF) and CO Chemical Lasers.- 3.2.1. Continuous Wave Lasers.- 3.2.2. Simple Purely Chemical HF (DF) and CO Lasers.- 3.3. The Chemical Laser in the Laboratory.- 3.3.1. Laboratory Laser Sources.- 3.3.2. Chemical Laser Studies of the Vibrational Distribution of Reaction Products.- 3.3.3. Chemical Laser Studies of Vibrational Energy Transfer.- 3.3.4. Chemical Laser Studies of Rotational Energy Transfer.- 3.4. The Search for New Chemical Lasers.- 3.4.1. General Kinetic Considerations in Chemical Laser Operation at Short Wavelengths.- 3.4.2. Exploding Wire-Metal Atom Oxidation Lasers: New Chemical Lasers at Infrared Wavelengths.- 3.4.3. Rare Gas Monohalide Excimer Lasers.- 3.4.4. Promising Reaction Systems.- 3.4.5. Special Initiation Techniques.- 3.4.6. An Ideal Reaction Mechanism for an Efficient Visible Chemical Laser.- 3.5. Conclusion.- References and Notes.

Dettagli dell'edizione

• Editore: Springer
• Data di pubblicazione: 2012
• Lingua: Inglese
• ISBN 10: 1468435590
• ISBN 13: 9781468435597
• Rilegatura: Copertina flessibile
• Numero di pagine: 296
• Redattore: Smith I.
• Contatto del produttore: non disponibile
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