Articoli correlati a An Introduction to Environmental Biophysics
Sinossi
Microenvironments.- Energy Exchange.- Mass and Momentum Transport.- Applications.- Units.- Transport Laws.- 2 Temperature.- Typical Behavior of Atmospheric and Soil Temperature.- Microenvironment Temperatures.- Soil Temperature.- 3 Environmental Moisture.- Saturation Conditions.- Conditions of Partial Saturation.- Vapor Densities in Nature.- Liquid-phase Water.- Relation of Liquid- to Gas-phase Water.- 4 Wind.- Characteristics of Atmospheric Turbulence.- Flux and Profile Equations.- Fetch and Buoyancy.- Wind within Crop Canopies.- 5 Radiation.- Blackbody Radiation.- Definitions.- Directional Relations.- Attenuation of Radiation.- Radiant Emittance.- Spectral Distribution of Blackbody Radiation.- Spectral Characteristics of Short-wave Radiation.- Radiant Fluxes in Natural Environments.- Estimating Direct and Diffuse Short-wave Irradiance.- Atmospheric Long-wave Radiation.- Radiant Energy Budgets.- 6 Heat, Mass, and Momentum Transfer.- Molecular Diffusion.- Convection.- Resistances to Heat and Mass Transfer in Laminar Forced Convection.- Free Convection.- Combined Forced and Free Convection.- Application in Nature.- Momentum Transport.- 7 Animals and Their Environment.- The Energy Budget Concept.- Specifying Radiant Energy Fluxes for Animals.- Metabolism.- Latent Heat Exchange.- Conduction of Heat in Animal Coats and Tissue.- Application of Energy Budget Equations.- The Climate Space.- The Equivalent Blackbody Temperature.- The Transient State.- Animals and Water.- 8 Humans and Their Environment.- Area, Metabolic Rate, and Evaporation.- Survival in Cold Environments.- Survival in Hot Environments.- Equivalent Wet Blackbody Temperature.- Comfort.- 9 Plant and Their Environment.- Photosynthesis.- Transpiration and the Leaf Energy Budget.- Leaf Temperature.- Optimum Leaf Form.- 10 Exchange Processes in Plant Canopies.- Radiation in Plant Canopies.- Evapotranspiration.- The Energy Budget.- Potential Evapotranspiration.- Non-potential Evapotranspiration.- Appendix: Reconciliation of Terminology.- Table A.3.- Table A.2.- Table A.3.
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