It is now known that the Framingham score - the basis for the estimation of the total (global) 10-year risk in individuals without known cardiovascular disease or diabetes - has limitations. So, to refine cardiovascular risk prediction, experts are investigating new techniques for determining risk factors. This book assesses the role of conventional and emerging serum markers and imaging modalities to detect and measure subclinical atherosclerosis. At the present time, non-invasive CT coronary angiography appears promising for assessing calcium plaques but also vulnerable soft plaques in the coronary arteries that may result in a myocardial infarction. CT coronary angiograms, carotid ultrasound investigation, magnetic resonance plaque characterization, and coronary blood flow measurement by positron emission tomography are also discussed and compared. This book is aimed at disseminating an understanding of the potential of these techniques to a wider audience.
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THE NATURE AND PROGRESSION OF ATHEROSCLEROSIS. Endothelial Dysfunction. Quantification of Coronary Inflammation by Optical Coherence. CT CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY TO DETECT SOFT & CALCIUM PLAQUES. Basic Physics of Cardiac CT. Optimization of the Acquisition of Cardiac CT angiography. Imaging of the Coronary Vulnerable Plaque with CT. CT Coronary Artery Remodeling & Correlation with Intravascular Ultrasound. Detection, Imaging & Treatment of Vulnerable Plaques. Screening of Coronary Artery Disease in Populations using CT Calcium Measurements. CT Angiography of Carotids: Vertebrals & Intracerebral Arteries. OTHER METHODS TO NON-INVASIVELY ASSESS ATHEROSCLEROSIS. Using Carotid Artery Thickness to Identify Asymptomatic Atherosclerosis & to Predict Cardiovascular Risk. PET Coronary Vascular Reserve. MRI Plaque Characterization: Conventional Imaging. Lipoprotein (a), Homocysteine, Prothrombotic/Proinflammatory Factors & Impaired Fasting Glucose. Role of C-Reactive Protein as cardiovascular risk predictor
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