The Chemistry of Polymers: RSC - Brossura

Nicholson, John W.

Brossura

ISBN 10: 1849733910 ISBN 13: 9781849733915

Casa editrice: Royal Society of Chemistry, 2011

Riassunto

This updated new edition of the well established and highly readable introductory text book on polymer science is ideal for those requiring a broad overview of the subject. Following on from the success of the earlier editions, The Chemistry of Polymers, fourth edition, continues to explore the subject from an applications point of view, providing a comprehensive introduction to all aspects of polymer science including synthesis, structure, properties, degradation and dendrimers. Recent advances in special topics in polymer chemistry and polymers and the environment are also discussed in an informative and up-to-date manner.

Highlights include new sections on RAFT polymerization, polymers in drug delivery and polymer LEDs and updated sections on green polymerization, polymers for solar cells and polymers from renewable sources showcasing the recent developments and applications in this exciting area.

The Chemistry of Polymers, fourth edition, is essential reading for university students, teachers and scientists who wish to acquire an up-to-the-minute overview of polymer science and its many specialised topics in an informative and easy to read style.

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Informazioni sull?autore

John Nicholson, CChem, CSci, EurChem, FRSC, is a Professor of Biomaterials Chemistry at the University of Greenwich, UK. He completed a BSc in Applied Chemistry at Kingston University, a PhD and then a SERC Post-doctoral Fellow at London South Bank University and a DSc at the University of Greenwich. He has worked as Head of Materials research at the Laboratory of the Government Chemist and Head of Biomaterials, King's College Dental Institute, London. He has published 170 original papers, 4 patents and 4 books.

Dalla quarta di copertina

This updated new edition of the well established and highly readable introductory text book on polymer science is ideal for those requiring a broad overview of the subject. Following on from the success of the earlier editions, The Chemistry of Polymers, fourth edition, continues to explore the subject from an applications point of view, providing a comprehensive introduction to all aspects of polymer science including synthesis, structure, properties, degradation and dendrimers. Recent advances in special topics in polymer chemistry and polymers and the environment are also discussed in an informative and up-to-date manner.

Highlights include new sections on RAFT polymerization, polymers in drug delivery and polymer LEDs and updated sections on green polymerization, polymers for solar cells and polymers from renewable sources showcasing the recent developments and applications in this exciting area.

The Chemistry of Polymers, fourth edition, is essential reading for university students, teachers and scientists who wish to acquire an up-to-the-minute overview of polymer science and its many specialised topics in an informative and easy to read style.

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The Chemistry of Polymers

By John W. Nicholson

The Royal Society of Chemistry

Copyright © 2012 John W. Nicholson
All rights reserved.

ISBN: 978-1-84973-391-5

Contents

Chapter 1 Polymer Chemistry, 
Chapter 2 Polymerisation Reactions, 
Chapter 3 Polymer Structure, 
Chapter 4 Crosslinking, 
Chapter 5 Polymer Solutions, 
Chapter 6 Methods of Determining Relative Molar Mass, 
Chapter 7 Mechanical Properties of Polymers, 
Chapter 8 Polymer Degradation, 
Chapter 9 Dendrimers, 
Chapter 10 Special Topics in Polymer Chemistry, 
Chapter 11 Polymers and the Environment, 
Bibliography, 
Subject Index, 

CHAPTER 1

Polymer Chemistry

1.1 BASIC CONCEPTS

A polymer is a large molecule built up from numerous smaller molecules. These large molecules may be linear, slightly branched, or highly interconnected. In the latter case the structure develops into a large three-dimensional network.

The small molecules used as the basic building blocks for these large molecules are known as monomers. For example the commercially important material poly(vinyl chloride) is made from the monomer vinyl chloride. The repeat unit in the polymer usually corresponds to the monomer from which the polymer was made. There are exceptions to this, though. Poly(vinyl alcohol) is formally considered to be made up of vinyl alcohol (Ch2]CHOH) repeat units but there is, in fact, no such monomer as vinyl alcohol. The appropriate molecular unit exists in the alternative tautomeric form, ethanal CH3]CHO. To make this polymer, it is necessary first to prepare poly(vinyl ethanoate) from the monomer vinyl ethanoate, and then to hydrolyse the product to yield the polymeric alcohol.

The size of a polymer molecule may be defined either by its mass (see Chapter 6) or by the number of repeat units in the molecule. This latter indicator of size is called the degree of polymerisation, DP. The relative molar mass of the polymer is thus the product of the relative molar mass of the repeat unit and the DP.

There is no clear cut boundary between polymer chemistry and the rest of chemistry. As a very rough guide, molecules of relative molar mass of at least 1000 or a DP of at least 100 are considered to fall into the domain of polymer chemistry.

The vast majority of polymers in commercial use are organic in nature, that is they are based on covalent compounds of carbon. This is also true of the silicones which, though based on silicon-oxygen backbones, also generally contain significant proportions of hydrocarbon groups. The other elements involved in polymer chemistry most commonly include hydrogen, oxygen, chlorine, fluorine, phosphorus, and sulfur, i.e. those elements which are able to form covalent bonds, albeit of some polarity, with carbon.

As is characteristic of covalent compounds, in addition to primary valence forces, polymer molecules are also subject to various secondary intermolecular forces. These include dipole forces between oppositely charged ends of polar bonds and dispersion forces which arise due to perturbations of the electron clouds about individual atoms within the polymer molecule. Hydrogen bonding, which arises from the particularly intense dipoles associated with hydrogen atoms attached to electronegative elements such as oxygen or nitrogen, is important in certain polymers, notably proteins. Hydrogen bonds have the effect of fixing the molecule in a particular orientation. These fixed structures are essential for the specific functions that proteins have in the biochemical processes of life.

1.2 THE HISTORY OF

Dettagli dell'edizione

• Editore: Royal Society of Chemistry
• Data di pubblicazione: 2011
• Lingua: Inglese
• ISBN 10: 1849733910
• ISBN 13: 9781849733915
• Rilegatura: Copertina flessibile
• Numero edizione: 4
• Numero di pagine: 184
• Contatto del produttore: non disponibile
• Persona responsabile: non disponibile