Articoli correlati a Shiga toxins: A Review of Structure, Mechanism, and...
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1. Outbreaks of Shiga toxin-related poisoning
An overview of the numerous major outbreaks of Shiga toxin related poisonings that have occurred in the United States and Europe, including
- the early outbreaks at McDonalds in 1982, the infamous Jack in the Box outbreak in 1993
- the European outbreak associated with fresh sprouts in 2013
- 9 outbreaks associated with spinach or lettuce from the Salinas Valley of California's central coast.
-- a complex structure and mechanism of action
-- six subunits, five identical binding units and one catalytic unit that is responsible for the toxicity
-- relationship between Shiga toxins and other AB5 toxins
-- subtypes of Shiga toxins and new variants that have recently emerged.
3. Mechanism of action
-- the phage biology that controls the production of the toxins
-- translocation of toxin to sites of action
-- toxin action at the cellular and molecular level.
4. Significant threats to human health
-- impact of antibiotics and antibiotic resistance on STEC disease
-- intoxication with more than one toxin
-- sequellae of STEC-provoked disease.
-- immunoassay, including ELISA and solid and bead array systems
-- cell-based methods
-- indirect PCR-based methods
-- instrumental methods, including mass spectrometry, for directly detecting these toxins.
6. Conclusions and a glimpse into the future
-- a significant and growing threat to human health and food biosecurity
-- translation of lab bench science into clinical treatments for STEC disease.
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