Combustion and Pollution Control in Heating Systems - Brossura

Hanby, Victor I.

Brossura

ISBN 10: 3540198490 ISBN 13: 9783540198499

Casa editrice: Springer, 2013

Riassunto

Combustion is very much an interdisciplinary topic, drawing together elements of chemistry, fluid mechanics and heat transfer. It is an ingredient in many undergraduate degree programmes, ranging from a pivotal role in fuel science through to a component part of courses in chemical, process and building services engineering. For many students in those disciplines where combustion in heating plant is an important part of their studies, there are often problems in coming to grips with the basic principles underlying the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels. In particular, the concepts of chemical and related thermodynamic changes can prove difficult to assimilate. The scientific literature dealing with combustion tends to be rather polarised, with a wealth of literature aimed at the specialist reader, but at a basic level the fundamentals of this important process are often treated rather tersely in textbooks on thermodynamics. The objective of this book is to provide an introduction to the basic principles of the combustion of hydrocarbon fuels in heating plant for buildings and industrial processes. In those chapters where practice in problem solving can make a positive contribution to understanding, some numerical problems have been included. Acknowledging the ever-widening use of computers in technical education, a number of algorithms which can be easily coded up for solving numerical problems have been incorporated in the text. These can prove particularly useful in, for example, the calculation of certain fluid properties, either for use in hand calculation or for incorporation into larger programs.

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Contenuti

1 The Combustion of Hydrocarbon Fuels.- 1.1 Introduction.- 1.2 The Combustion Process.- 1.3 The Complete Combustion Reaction.- 1.4 Quantification of the Combustion Reaction.- 2 Stoichiometric Calculations.- 2.1 Applications of the Combustion Equation.- 2.2 Combustion Air Requirements — Gaseous Fuels.- 2.3 Flue Gas Composition — Gaseous Fuels.- 2.4 Combustion Air Requirements — Solid and Liquid Fuels.- 2.5 Combustion Products — Solid and Liquid Fuels.- 2.6 Practical Significance of the Flue Gas Composition.- 2.7 Sub-stoichiometric Combustion.- 2.8 Problems.- 3 Heat Release in Combustion.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Constant-pressure Combustion.- 3.3 Enthalpy of a Mixture of Gases.- 3.4 Enthalpy of Combustion.- 3.5 Constant-volume Combustion.- 3.6 Internal Energy of Combustion.- 3.7 Relationship between ?H25 and ?U25.- 3.8 Calorific Values.- 3.9 List of Symbols.- 3.10 Problems.- 4 Flame Temperature.- 4.1 Energy Balance on a System.- 4.2 Adiabatic Flame Temperature.- 4.3 Specific Heats of Gases.- 4.4 Calculation Algorithm.- 4.5 Calculated Adiabatic Flame Temperatures.- 4.6 References.- 4.7 List of Symbols.- 4.8 Problems.- 5 Equilibrium Composition of Flames.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Chemical Equilibrium.- 5.3 Calculation of the Equilibrium Composition.- 5.4 Dissociated Flame Temperature.- 5.5 Dissociation with Hydrocarbon Fuels.- 5.6 References.- 5.7 List of Symbols.- 6 Efficiency of Combustion Plant.- 6.1 Plant Efficiency.- 6.2 Direct Determination of Efficiency.- 6.3 Inferential Measurement of Efficiency.- 6.4 Efficiency and Flue Gas Temperature.- 6.5 Flue Gas Dew Point.- 6.6 Efficiency of a Condensing Boiler.- 6.7 References.- 6.8 List of Symbols.- 6.9 Problems.- 7 Gaseous Fuels.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 Natural Gas.- 7.3 Town Gas (Coal Gas).- 7.4 Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG).- 7.5 Combustion of Gaseous Fuels.- 7.5.1 Flammability Limits.- 7.5.2 Burning Velocity.- 7.5.3 Wobbe Number.- 7.6 Gas Burners.- 7.6.1 Diffusion Burners.- 7.6.2 Premixed Burners.- 7.7 References.- 7.8 List of Symbols.- 8 Liquid Fuels.- 8.1 Occurrence and Processing.- 8.2 Properties of Oil Fuels.- 8.3 Combustion of Liquid Fuels.- 8.4 Pressure Jet Burners.- 8.5 Rotary Cup Burners.- 8.6 Twin-fluid Atomisers.- 8.7 Storage of Liquid Fuels.- 8.8 References.- 9 Solid Fuels.- 9.1 Introduction.- 9.2 Coal Classification.- 9.3 Coal Properties.- 9.4 Coal Combustion.- 9.5 Coal Storage and Handling.- 9.6 References.- 10 Emissions from Combustion Plant.- 10.1 Environmental Considerations.- 10.2 The Greenhouse Effect.- 10.3 Carbon Dioxide Emissions.- 10.4 Carbon Monoxide.- 10.5 Oxides of Nitrogen.- 10.5.1 Atmospheric Nitrogen.- 10.5.2 Fuel-bound Nitrogen.- 10.5.3 NOx Levels.- 10.5.4 Low-NOx Burner Design.- 10.6 Oxides of Sulphur.- 10.6.1 The SOx Problem.- 10.6.2 Sulphur Trioxide Formation.- 10.6.3 Flue Gas Desulphurisation.- 10.7 Particulate Emissions.- 10.7.1 Solid Formation in Combustion.- 10.7.2 Soot Formation.- 10.7.3 Cenosphere Formation.- 10.7.4 Acid Smut Formation.- 10.7.5 Ash.- 10.8 List of Symbols.- 10.9 References.- 11 Flues and Chimneys.- 11 Functions of the Flue System.- 12 Chimney Heat Transfer.- 11.2.1 Heat Transfer Mechanism.- 11.2.2 U-value of a Chimney.- 11.2.3 Temperature Distribution in a Chimney.- 13 Pressure Loss.- 11.3.1 Chimney Draught.- 11.3.2 Flow Resistance.- 11.4 Chimney Location.- 11.5 List of Symbols.- 11.6 References.

Dettagli dell'edizione

• Editore: Springer
• Data di pubblicazione: 2013
• Lingua: Inglese
• ISBN 10: 3540198490
• ISBN 13: 9783540198499
• Rilegatura: Copertina flessibile
• Numero di pagine: 156
• Contatto del produttore: non disponibile
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