PARTICLES AND NUCLEI: An Introduction to the Physical Concepts - Brossura

Collectif

Brossura

ISBN 10: 3540594396 ISBN 13: 9783540594390

Casa editrice: Springer Verlag, 1995

Riassunto

A unified presentation of nuclear and particle physics from an experimental point of view. The first part of the book is devoted to disentangling the substructure of matter, showing that experiments designed to uncover the substructures of nuclei and nucleons have a similar conceptual basis. This leads to the present picture of all matter being built out of a small number of elementary building blocks and a small number of fundamental interactions. The second part then goes on to show how these elementary particles may be combined to build hadrons and nuclei. This introductory textbook is based on lectures held at the University of Heidelberg and, with its numerous exercises with worked answers, is ideally suited for undergraduate courses.

Su questo libro

Contenuti

1. Hors d’œuvre.- 1.1 Fundamental Constituents of Matter.- 1.2 Fundamental Interactions.- 1.3 Symmetries and Conservation Laws.- 1.4 Experiments.- 1.5 Units.- I Analysis: the Building Blocks of Matter.- 2. Global Properties of Nuclei.- 2.1 The Atom and its Constituents.- 2.2 Nuclides.- 2.3 Parametrisation of Binding Energies.- 2.4 Charge Independence of the Nuclear Force and Isospin.- 3. Nuclear Stability.- 3.1 ?-Decay.- 3.2 ?-Decay.- 3.3 Nuclear Fission.- 3.4 Decay of Excited Nuclear States.- 4. Scattering.- 4.1 General Observations About Scattering Processes.- 4.2 Cross Sections.- 4.3 The “Golden Rule”.- 4.4 Feynman Diagrams.- 5. Geometric Shapes of Nuclei.- 5.1 Kinematics of Electron Scattering.- 5.2 The Rutherford Cross-Section.- 5.3 The Mott Cross-Section.- 5.4 Nuclear Form Factors.- 5.5 Inelastic Nuclear Excitations.- 6. Elastic Scattering off Nucleons.- 6.1 Form Factors of the Nucleons.- 6.2 Quasi-elastic Scattering.- 6.3 Charge Radii of Pions and Kaons.- 7. Deep Inelastic Scattering.- 7.1 Excited States of the Nucleons.- 7.2 Structure Functions.- 7.3 The Parton Model.- 7.4 Interpretation of Structure Functions in the Parton Model.- 8. Quarks, Gluons, and the Strong Interaction.- 8.1 The Quark Structure of Nucleons.- 8.2 Quarks in Hadrons.- 8.3 The Quark-Gluon Interaction.- 8.4 Scaling Violations of the Structure Functions.- 9. Particle Production in e+e- Collisions.- 9.1 Lepton Pair Production.- 9.2 Resonances.- 9.3 Non-resonant Hadron Production.- 9.4 Gluon Emission.- 10. Phenomenology of the Weak Interaction.- 10.1 The Lepton Families.- 10.2 The Types of Weak Interactions.- 10.3 Coupling Strength of the Charged Current.- 10.4 The Quark Families.- 10.5 Parity Violation.- 10.6 Deep Inelastic Neutrino Scattering.- 11. Exchange Bosons of the Weak Interaction.- 11.1 Real W and Z Bosons.- 11.2 Electroweak Unification.- 12. The Standard Model.- II Synthesis: Composite Systems.- 13. Quarkonia.- 13.1 The Hydrogen Atom and Positronium Analogues.- 13.2 Charmonium.- 13.3 Quark-Antiquark Potential.- 13.4 The Chromomagnetic Interaction.- 13.5 Bottonium and Toponium.- 13.6 The Decay Channels of Heavy Quarkonia.- 13.7 Decay Widths as a Test of QCD.- 14. Mesons Made from Light Quarks.- 14.1 Mesonic Multiplets.- 14.2 Meson Masses.- 14.3 Decay Channels.- 14.4 Neutral Kaon Decay.- 15. The Baryons.- 15.1 The Production and Detection of Baryons.- 15.2 Baryon Multiplets.- 15.3 Baryon Masses.- 15.4 Magnetic Moments.- 15.5 Semileptonic Baryon Decays.- 15.6 How Good Is the Constituent Quark Concept?.- 16. The Nuclear Force.- 16.1 Nucleon-Nucleon Scattering.- 16.2 The Deuteron.- 16.3 Nature of the Nuclear Force.- 17. The Structure of Nuclei.- 17.1 The Fermi Gas Model.- 17.2 Hypernuclei.- 17.3 The Shell Model.- 17.4 Deformed Nuclei.- 17.5 Spectroscopy Through Nuclear Reactions.- 17.6 ?-Decay of the Nucleus.- 18. Collective Nuclear Excitations.- 18.1 Electromagnetic Transitions.- 18.2 Dipole Oscillations.- 18.3 Shape Oscillations.- 18.4 Rotation States.- 19. Many-Body Systems in the Strong Interaction.- A. Appendix.- A.1 Accelerators.- A.2 Detectors.- A.3 Combining Angular Momenta.- A.4 Physical Constants.- Problems.- Solutions.- References.

Dalla quarta di copertina

This introductory textbook gives a unified presentation of nuclear and particle physics from an experimental point of view. The first part of the book, Analysis, is devoted to disentangling the substructure of matter. This part shows that experiments designed to uncover the substructures of nuclei and nucleons have a similar conceptual basis, and lead to the present picture of all matter being built out of a small number of elementary building blocks and a small number of fundamental interactions.
The second part, Synthesis, shows how the elementary particles may be combined to build hadrons and nuclei. The fundamental interactions which are responsible for the forces in all systems become less and less evident in increasing complex syystems. Such systems are in fact dominated by many-body phenomena.
This concise text is based on lectures held at the University of Heidelberg and is well suited for undergraduate courses. It includes numerous exercises with worked answers.

Dettagli dell?edizione

• Editore: Springer Verlag
• Data di pubblicazione: 1995
• ISBN 10: 3540594396
• ISBN 13: 9783540594390
• Rilegatura: Copertina flessibile
• Lingua: Inglese
• Numero di pagine: 340