Determination of Anions: A Guide for the Analytical Chemist - Rilegato

Crompton, T. R.

Rilegato

ISBN 10: 3540601627 ISBN 13: 9783540601623

Casa editrice: Springer Nature, 1996

Riassunto

The author has drawn together almost all published methods since 1975 on the determination of anions in all types of matrices. He presents the methods in a logical manner so that the reader can quickly gain access to the method and types of instrumentation available.

Su questo libro

Contenuti

1 Introduction.- 1.1 Rationale: Water Samples.- 1.2 Rationale: Solid and Gaseous Samples.- 1.3 Brief Summary of Methodologies.- 1.3.1 Spectroscopic Methods.- 1.3.2 Segmented Flow Analysis.- 1.3.3 Flow Injection Analysis.- 1.3.4 Spectrometric Methods.- 1.3.5 Titration Procedures.- 1.3.6 Ion-Selective Electrodes.- 1.3.7 Polarographic Methods.- 1.3.8 Chromatographic Methods.- 1.4 References.- 2 Halogen-Containing Anions.- 2.1 Chloride.- 2.1.1 Natural Waters.- 2.1.2 Rainwater and Snow.- 2.1.3 Potable Waters.- 2.1.4 Industrial Effluents.- 2.1.5 Waste Waters.- 2.1.6 Sewage.- 2.1.7 Boiler Feed and High Purity Waters.- 2.1.8 Soil and Plant Extracts.- 2.1.9 Soils.- 2.1.10 Foodstuffs.- 2.2 Bromide.- 2.2.1 Natural Waters.- 2.2.2 Rainwater and Snow.- 2.2.3 Potable Water.- 2.2.4 Industrial Effluents.- 2.2.5 Soil and Foodstuffs.- 2.3 Iodide.- 2.3.1 Natural Waters.- 2.3.2 Rainwater.- 2.3.3 Potable Water.- 2.3.4 Industrial Effluents.- 2.3.5 Cooling Waters.- 2.3.6 Foodstuffs.- 2.3.7 Seaweed.- 2.3.8 Animal Feeds.- 2.3.9 Table Salt.- 2.3.10 Milk.- 2.3.11 Pharmaceuticals.- 2.4 Fluoride.- 2.4.1 Natural Waters.- 2.4.2 Rainwater.- 2.4.3 Potable Water.- 2.4.4 Industrial Effluents.- 2.4.5 Waste Waters.- 2.4.6 Sewage.- 2.4.7 Biological Materials.- 2.4.8 Plant Extracts and Vegetative Matter.- 2.4.9 Milk.- 2.4.10 Coal.- 2.5 Mixed Halides.- 2.5.1 Natural Waters.- 2.5.2 Rainwater.- 2.5.3 Potable Waters.- 2.5.4 Industrial Effluents.- 2.5.5 Waste Waters.- 2.6 Chlorate, Chlorite, Perchlorate and Hypochlorite.- 2.6.1 Natural Waters.- 2.6.2 Waste Waters.- 2.6.3 Potable Waters.- 2.6.4 Soil Extracts.- 2.7 Bromate.- 2.7.1 Natural Waters.- 2.7.2 Rainwater.- 2.7.3 Potable Waters.- 2.7.4 Foodstuffs.- 2.8 Iodate.- 2.8.1 Natural Waters.- 2.8.2 Potable Waters.- 2.9 References.- 3 Nitrogen-Containing Anions.- 3.1 Nitrate.- 3.1.1 Natural Waters.- 3.1.2 Rainwater and Snow.- 3.1.3 Potable Water.- 3.1.4 Industrial Effluents.- 3.1.5 Waste Waters.- 3.1.6 Sewage.- 3.1.7 Plant and Soil Extracts.- 3.1.8 Soils.- 3.1.9 Plants.- 3.2 Nitrite.- 3.2.1 Natural Water.- 3.2.2 Rainwater.- 3.2.3 Industrial Effluents.- 3.2.4 Waste Waters.- 3.2.5 High Purity Water.- 3.2.6 Soil.- 3.2.7 Milk.- 3.3 Nitrate and Nitrite.- 3.3.1 Natural Waters.- 3.3.2 Rainwater.- 3.3.3 Potable Water.- 3.3.4 Industrial Effluents.- 3.3.5 Sewage.- 3.3.6 Soil.- 3.3.7 Biological Fluids.- 3.3.8 Meat.- 3.3.9 Vegetables.- 3.4 Free Cyanide.- 3.4.1 Natural Waters.- 3.4.2 Potable Waters.- 3.4.3 Industrial Effluents.- 3.4.4 Waste Waters.- 3.4.5 Plant Materials.- 3.4.6 Feeds, Fertilizers and Plant Tissues.- 3.4.7 Soil.- 3.4.8 Biological Fluids.- 3.4.9 Air.- 3.4.10 Sewage Sludge.- 3.5 Total Cyanide.- 3.5.1 Natural Waters.- 3.5.2 Waste Waters.- 3.6 Cyanate.- 3.6.1 Natural Waters.- 3.7 References.- 4 Sulphur Containing Anions.- 4.1 Sulphate.- 4.1.1 Natural Waters.- 4.1.2 Rainwater.- 4.1.3 Potable Water.- 4.1.4 Industrial Effluents.- 4.1.5 Wastewaters.- 4.1.6 Boiler Feed Water.- 4.1.7 Soil.- 4.1.8 Plant and Soil Extracts.- 4.1.9 Grain.- 4.2 Sulphite.- 4.2.1 Natural Waters.- 4.2.2 Rainwater.- 4.2.3 Industrial Effluents.- 4.2.4 Waste Waters.- 4.2.5 Boiler Feed Water.- 4.2.6 Wine.- 4.2.7 Foodstuffs.- 4.2.8 Pharmaceuticals.- 4.3 Thiosulphate and Polythionates.- 4.3.1 Natural Waters.- 4.3.2 Industrial Effluents.- 4.4 Thiocyanate.- 4.4.1 Natural Waters.- 4.4.2 Industrial Effluents.- 4.4.3 Waste Waters.- 4.4.4 Urine.- 4.5 Sulphide.- 4.5.1 Natural Waters.- 4.5.2 Potable Water.- 4.5.3 Industrial Effluents.- 4.5.4 Waste Waters.- 4.5.5 Sewage.- 4.5.6 Soil.- 4.5.7 Environmental Samples.- 4.5.8 Blood.- 4.5.9 Air.- 4.6 Polysulphide.- 4.6.1 Natural Waters.- 4.6.2 Industrial Effluents.- 4.6.3 Petroleum Fractions.- 4.7 References.- 5 Phosphorus Containing Anions.- 5.1 Phosphate.- 5.1.1 Natural Waters.- 5.1.2 Sea and Estuary Water.- 5.1.3 Rainwater.- 5.1.4 Potable Water.- 5.1.5 Industrial Effluents.- 5.1.6 Waste Waters.- 5.1.7 Sewage.- 5.1.8 Boiler Feed Water.- 5.1.9 Soil and Plant Extracts.- 5.1.10 Blood and Serum.- 5.2 Condensed Phosphates.- 5.2.1 Ion Exclusion Chromatography.- 5.2.2 High Performance Liquid Chromatography.- 5.3 References.- 6 Silicon-Containing Anions.- 6.1 Silicate.- 6.1.1 Natural Waters.- 6.1.2 Potable Water.- 6.1.3 Industrial Effluents.- 6.1.4 Waste Waters.- 6.1.5 Boiler Feed Water.- 6.2 References.- 7 Boron-Containing Anions.- 7.1 Borate.- 7.1.1 Natural Waters.- 7.1.2 Industrial Effluents.- 7.1.3 Sewage.- 7.1.4 Soil.- 7.1.5 Plants.- 7.1.6 Plant Extracts.- 7.2 References.- 8 Carbonate, Bicarbonate and Total Alkalinity.- 8.1 Total Alkalinity.- 8.1.1 Natural Waters.- 8.1.2 Potable Waters.- 8.2 Carbonate.- 8.2.1 Natural Waters.- 8.2.2 Waste Waters.- 8.2.3 High Purity Waters.- 8.2.4 Soil.- 8.3 Bicarbonate.- 8.3.1 Natural Waters.- 8.3.2 Potable Waters.- 8.4 References.- 9 Metal-Containing Anions.- 9.1 Arsenite.- 9.1.1 Natural Waters.- 9.2 Arsenate.- 9.2.1 Natural Waters.- 9.2.2 Potable Water.- 9.3 Arsenite/Arsenate.- 9.3.1 Natural Waters.- 9.4 Selenite.- 9.4.1 Natural Waters.- 9.4.2 Potable Water.- 9.4.3 Soil Extracts.- 9.4.4 Milk.- 9.4.5 Urine.- 9.4.6 Biological Samples.- 9.5 Selenate.- 9.5.1 Natural Waters.- 9.5.2 Potable Water.- 9.6 Selenate/Selenite.- 9.6.1 Sea Water.- 9.6.2 Natural Waters.- 9.6.3 Potable Waters.- 9.6.4 Industrial Effluent.- 9.7 Tellurate.- 9.7.1 Natural Waters.- 9.8 Chromate/Dichromate.- 9.8.1 Natural Waters.- 9.8.2 Waste Waters.- 9.8.3 Potable Water.- 9.8.4 Oxides, Silicate Glasses and Cements.- 9.9 Germanate.- 9.9.1 Natural Waters.- 9.10 Molybdate.- 9.10.1 Natural Waters.- 9.10.2 Sea Water.- 9.11 Tungstate.- 9.11.1 Natural Waters.- 9.11.2 Tissues.- 9.12 Uranate.- 9.12.1 Natural Waters.- 9.13 Vanadate.- 9.13.1 Natural Waters.- 9.13.2 Soil and Plant Extracts.- 9.14 Titanate.- 9.14.1 Natural Waters.- 9.15 Ferrocyanide.- 9.15.1 Industrial Effluents.- 9.16 Metal Cyanide Complexes.- 9.16.1 Natural Waters.- 9.17 References.- 10 Organic Anions.- 10.1 Formate and Acetate.- 10.1.1 Natural Waters.- 10.2 Citrate.- 10.2.1 Foodstuffs and Beverages.- 10.3 Isocitrate.- 10.3.1 Foodstuffs.- 10.4 Oxalate.- 10.4.1 Foodstuffs and Beverages.- 10.5 Malate.- 10.5.1 Foodstuffs and Beverages.- 10.6 Lactate.- 10.6.1 Silage.- 10.6.2 Foodstuffs and Beverages.- 10.7 Salicylate.- 10.7.1 Urine.- 10.7.2 Pharmaceuticals.- 10.8 Ascorbate.- 10.8.1 Natural Waters.- 10.8.2 Foodstuffs.- 10.8.3 Pharmaceuticals.- 10.8.4 Crustacea.- 10.9 Dehydroascorbate.- 10.9.1 Foodstuffs.- 10.10 Pyruvate.- 10.10.1 Milk.- 10.11 Glutamate.- 10.11.1 Foodstuffs.- 10.12 Amino Acids.- 10.12.1 Natural Waters.- 10.13 Nitroloacetate and Ethylene Diamine Tetraacetates.- 10.13.1 Natural Waters.- 10.13.2 Waste Waters.- 10.14 Carboxylates.- 10.14.1 Natural Waters.- 10.15 Sulphonates and Chlorolignosulphonates.- 10.15.1 Natural Waters.- 10.15.2 Potable Waters.- 10.16 Acetoacetate.- 10.16.1 In Body Fluids.- 10.17 Mixed Organic Anions.- 10.17.1 Natural Waters.- 10.17.2 Sea Water.- 10.18 References.- 11 Applications of Ion Chromatography.- 11.1 Natural Waters.- 11.1.1 Mixtures of Chloride, Bromide, Fluoride, Nitrite, Nitrate, Sulphate, Phosphate and Bicarbonate.- 11.1.2 Mixtures of Arsenate, Arsenite, Selenate and Selenite.- 11.1.3 Borate.- 11.1.4 Miscellaneous Anions.- 11.2 Rainwater.- 11.2.1 Mixtures of Chloride, Bromide, Fluoride, Nitrite, Nitrate, Sulphite, Sulphate and Phosphate.- 11.3 Potable Water.- 11.3.1 Mixtures of Chloride, Bromide, Nitrate and Sulphate.- 11.3.2 Mixtures of Sulphide and Cyanide.- 11.3.3 Mixtures of Arsenate, Selenate and Selenite.- 11.4 Industrial Effluents and Waste Waters.- 11.4.1 Mixtures of Chloride, Bromide, Fluoride, Nitrite, Nitrate, Sulphate and Phosphate.- 11.4.2 Mixtures of Cyanide, Sulphide, Iodide and Bromide.- 11.4.3 Sulphite and Dithionate.- 11.4.4 Borate.- 11.5 Boiler Feed Water.- 11.5.1 Mixtures of Chloride and Sulphate.- 11.5.2 Miscellaneous Anions.- 11.6 Plant and Soil Extracts.- 11.6.1 Mixtures of Chloride, Nitrate, Sulphate and Phosphate.- 11.7 Foodstuffs.- 11.8 Column Coupling Isotachophoresis of Natural Waters.- 11.8.1 Mixtures of Chloride, Fluoride, Nitrite, Nitrate Sulphate and Phosphate.- 11.8.2 Miscellaneous Anions.- 11.9 References.- 12 On-Site Measurement of Anions.- 13 On-Line Measurement of Anions.- 14 Preconcentration of Anions.- 14.1 Iodide.- 14.2 Phosphate.- 14.3 Sulphide.- 14.4 Borate.- 14.5 Arsenite.- 14.6 Selenate/Selenite.- 14.7 Chromate.- 14.8 Molybdate.- 14.9 Rhenate.- 14.10 Complex Anions.- 14.11 References.

Dettagli dell'edizione

• Editore: Springer Nature
• Data di pubblicazione: 1996
• Lingua: Inglese
• ISBN 10: 3540601627
• ISBN 13: 9783540601623
• Rilegatura: Copertina rigida
• Numero di pagine: 604
• Contatto del produttore: Springer-Verlag GmbH; customerservice@springernature.com; ; Tiergartenstraße 17; Heidelberg; Baden-Württemberg; 69121; Germania