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1. Adhesion and Adhesives for Wood.- 1.0 General Considerations about Gluing.- 1.1 Physical-Chemical Principles of Gluing.- 1.1.1 Cohesion and Adhesion.- 1.1.2 Intermolecular Forces, Polarity.- 1.1.3 Influence of Temperature, Concentration and Amount of Polymerization.- 1.1.4 Influence of pH Value on the Hardening of Glue Joints.- 1.1.5 Colloidal State of Wood Glues, Sols and Gels.- 1.1.6 Rheology of Glues.- 1.1.7 Phenomena of Hardening.- 1.1.8 Fortifying (Upgrading), Filling, Extending of Glues for Wood.- 1.2 Strength Improvement and Stresses in Glue Joints.- 1.3 Testing of Glue Joints.- 1.4 Summarized Results of Tests for Various Glues.- 1.5 Effect of Wood Species and Moisture Content on the Strength of Glue Joints.- 1.6 Pretreatment of Wood Prior to Gluing.- 1.7 Glue Spreading.- 1.8 Pressing of Glued Parts and of Laminated Wood.- 1.9 Difficulties and Defects in Gluing 2S.- 1.10 Natural Glues.- 1.10.1 Starches, Dextrins and Natural Gums.- 1.10.2 Protein Glues.- 1.10.2.1 Animal Glues, Manufactured from Hide, Sinews, Bones.- 1.10.2.2 Casein Glues.- 1.10.2.3 Blood Albumin Glues.- 1.10.2.4 Soyahean (or Soybean) Glues and Peanut-Meal Glues.- 1.10.3 Shellac.- 1.10.4 Asphalt (Bitumen) and Mastic.- 1.10.5 Natural and Synthetic Rubber (Neoprene).- 1.10.6 Glues on Cellulose Basis.- 1.10.6.1 Cellulose Acetates.- 1.10.6.2 Cellulose Esters.- 1.10.7 Silicate of Soda.- 1.11 Synthetic Glues.- 1.11.0 General Considerations.- 1.11.1 Phenol-Formaldehyde Resin Glue.- 1.11.1.1 History of Phenolic Resin Glues.- 1.11.1.2 Manufacture and Chemistry of Phenol-Formaldehyde Resins.- 1.11.1.3 Application of Phenolic Resin Glues.- 1.11.1.4 Properties of Phenolic Resin Glue Joints.- 1.11.2 Resorei nol -Formaldehyde Adhesives.- 1.11.3 Urea-Formaldehyde Resin Adhesives.- 1.11.3.1 History of Urea Resin Glues.- 1.11.3.2 Manufacture and Chemistry of Urea-Formaldehyde Glues.- 1.11.3.3 Hardening of Urea-Formaldehyde Resins.- 1.11.4 Melamine-Formaldehyde Resin Adhesives.- 1.11.4.1 History, Chemistry, and Manufacture of Melamine-Formaldehyde Adhesives.- 1.11.4.2 Application of Melamine-Formaldehyde Adhesives.- 1.11.4.3 Hardening of Melamine Adhesives.- 1.11.4.4 Properties of Melamine-Formaldehyde Resin Glue Joints.- 1.11.4.5 Fortifying or Upgrading of Urea Adhesives.- 1.11.4.6 Surface Coating of Wood Based Materials.- 1.11.5 Thermoplastic Resin Adhesives.- 1.11.5.1 General Properties and Manufacture.- 1.11.5.2 Cellulose Adhesives.- 1.11.5.3 Polyvinyl Acetates (PV A).- 1.11.6 Other Synthetic Organic Adhesives.- 1.11.6.1 Epoxy Glues.- 1.11.6.2 Polyurethane Adhesives.- Literature Cited.- 2. Solid Modified Woods.- 2.0 Introduction.- 2.1 Fundamentals of Impregnation.- 2.1.1 Flow through True Capillaries.- 2.1.2 Flow through Softwoods.- 2.1.2.1 Structure Involved.- 2.1.2.2 Permeability to Liquids and Gases.- 2.1.2.3 Longitudinal versus Transverse Flow.- 2.1.2.4 Mean Pit Membrane Pore Numbers and Radii.- 2.1.2.5 Effect of Gas-Liquid Interphases.- 2.1.3 Diffusion in Wood.- 2.2 Treating Methods.- 2.2.1 Sap Displacement.- 2.2.2 Capillary Absorption and/or Diffusion.- 2.2.3 Pressure Methods.- 2.3 Wood Preservation against Attack by Organisms.- 2.3.1 General.- 2.3.2 New and Modified Treating Methods.- 2.3.2.1 Double Diffusion.- 2.3.2.2 Modified Boucherie Process.- 2.3.2.3 Predrying Methods.- 2.3.2.4 Cellon Process.- 2.4 Wood Preservation against Fire.- 2.4.1 Fire Hazards.- 2.4.2 Fire Retardant Treatment.- 2.5 Dimensional Stabilization.- 2.5.1 Cross-Laminating.- 2.5.2 External Coatings.- 2.5.3 Internal Coatings.- 2.5.4 Reduction in Hygroscopicity.- 2.5.4.1 Heat Stabilization.- 2.5.5 Cross-Linking.- 2.5.6 Bulking Treatments.- 2.5.6.1 Salt Treatments.- 2.5.6.2 Sugar Treatment.- 2.5.6.3 Polyethylene Glycol Treatment.- 2.5.6.4 Wax Treatment.- 2.5.6.5 Phenolic Resin Treatment (Impreg).- 2.5.6.5.1 Treating Processes.- 2.5.6.5.2 Properties of Impreg.- 2.5.6.5.3 Uses for Impreg.- 2.5.6.6 Vinyl Resin Treatment.- 2.5.6.6.1 Strength Properties.- 2.5.6.7 Acetylated Wood.- 2.5.6.8 Other Tr
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