ADAPTATION TO MALARIA: THE INTERACTION OF BIOLOGY AND CULTURE

Distribution data, population studies and in vitro investigations all clearly indicate that glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency is associated with human population adaptation to falciparum malaria. This volume brings together a distinguished group of investigators from several disciplines to discuss the biochemical mechanisms underlying this genetically based protection, providing detailed coverage of how dietary factors and traditional medicines interact with the G6PD locus to maximize antimalarial adaptation in human populations. This book also presents recent data that demonstrates the relative protection of G6PD deficient genotypes against severe falciparum malaria and reviews the epidemiology of favism, neonatal jaundice and other negative consequences of the G6PD deficient condition. A final focus of this edited volume is on the micromapping of G6PD deficient allele frequencies in Sardinia and southern Italy and its relationship to past malarial history as an extension and re-evaluation of the classic studies done in this region.

Preface
List of Contributors
Introduction - Lawrence S. Greene and Maria Danubio

I The Molecular Genetics and Biochemistry of G6PD Deficiency and the Selective Pressures Acting For and Against G6PD Deficient Genotypes
1. Biochemistry of G6PD Deficiency and Molecular Genetics of G6PD Variants in Italy - Gian Franco Gaetani and Anna Maria Ferraris 2. Biochemistry of Favism - Franco Turrini, Franca Mannu, Giuliana Giribaldi and Paolo Arese 3. Epidemiology of Favism, Neonatal Jaundice and Infection-Induced Acute Hemolytic Anemia in Northern Sardinia - Tullio Meloni and Gianfranco Meloni 4. Protection Against Severe Malaria for Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency Hemizyotes and Heterozygotes in Africa - C.Ruwende, S.C. Khoo, R.W. Snow, S.N.R. Yates, D.Kwiatkowski, S. Gupta, P. Warn, C.E.M. Allsopp, S.C. Gilbert, N. Peschu, C.I. Newbold, B.M. Greenwood, K. Marsh and A.V.S. Hill

II The Mechanism of Antimalarial Protection of the G6PD Deficient Erythrocyte and the Interaction Between Dietary and Medicinal Factors and the Different G6PD Genotypes in Providing the Antimalarial Effect.
5. Parasite-Mediated Progeria: A Possible Mechanism for Antimalarial Action of G6PD Deficient Erythrocytes - Mark D. Scott and John W. Eaton 6. Iron and P. falciparum: Double Edged Roles in Parasite Development - Ronit Har-El and Mordechai Chevion 7. Malaria and Blood Genetic Disorders with Special Respect to Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase (G6PD) Deficiency - Jacob Golenser 8. Plants as Antimalarial Drugs: Relation to G6PD Deficiency and Evolutionary Implications - Nina L. Etkin 9. Ecological Modeling of Human-Plant-Parasite Coevolutionary Triads: Theoretical Perspectives on the Interrelationships of Human HBßS, G6PD, Manihot esculenta, Vicia faba and Plasmodium falciparum - Fatima Jackson 10. Modification of Antimalarial Action of Oxidants in Traditional Cuisines and Medicines by Nutrients which Influence Erythrocyte Redox Status - Lawrence S. Greene

III Factors Accounting for the Population Variation in G6PD(-) Allele Frequency in Southern Italy and Sardinia
11. The Spread of Malaria in Sardinia: An Historical Perspective - Eugenia Tognotti 12. G6PD Deficiency in the Calabrian Population and in the Albanian Ethnic Minority in Northern Calabria: Relationship with Historic and Orographic Features - Antonio Tagarelli, Anna Piro and G.Tagarelli 13. Women's Fertility Contributes to the Maintenance of the G6PD Polymorphism - P.Astolfi, A.Tagarelli, A.Degioanni and A. Lisa 14. Micromapping the Distribution of G6PD Deficiency in Sardinia with Data Collected from the 1950s to the 1980s - E. Sanna, G.G. Cosseddu, G. Floris, A. Liguori and M. Silvetti 15. The Biodemographic Approach: Reproductive Isolation as Inferred by Marital Structure in Two Sample Villages in Sardinia - Maria Enrica Danubio 16. Is There a Sequence of Genetic Adaptive Modifications in a Malarial Environment? Analysis of Population Data from Sardinia and the Po Delta - F. Gloria-Bottini, P.Borgiani and E. Bottini 17. Adaptation to Malaria: The Interaction of Biology and Culture - Lawrence S. Greene and Maria Enrica Danubio

Index Bottini, Mordechai Chevion, G.G. Cosseddu, Maria Enrica Danubio, A.Degioanni, John W. Eaton, Nina L. Etkin, Anna Maria Ferraris, G. Floris, Gian Franco Gaetani, S.C. Gilbert, Giuliana Giribaldi, F. Gloria-Bottini, Jacob Golenser, Lawrence S. Greene, B.M. Greenwood, S. Gupta, Ronit Har-El, A.V.S. HillFatima Jackson, S.C. Khoo, D.Kwiatkowski, A. Lisa , A. Liguori , Franca Mannu, K. Marsh, Tullio Meloni, Gianfranco Meloni, C.I. Newbold, N. Peschu, Anna Piro, C.Ruwende, E. Sanna, Mark D. Scott , M. Silvetti R.W. Snow, Antonio Tagarelli, G.Tagarelli, Eugenia Tognotti, Franco Turrini, P. Warn and S.N.R. Yates