ADP-Ribosylation of Proteins

This book provides an update on recent advances in the field of ADP­ ribosylation reactions. The individual chapters represent the synopses of contributions which were presented at the Seventh International Symposium on ADP-Ribosylation Reactions, held in Vitznau, Switzer­ land, from September 23 to 27, 1984. This volume covers new devel­ opments in the field since the last meeting was held on this topic in 1982, in Tokyo. Therefore, the present text is not meant to form a comprehensive account of a specialized research area, but encompasses a collection of state-of-the-art reports from the vast majority of laboratories currently involved in ADP-ribosylation work. For the sake of rapid publication, the editorial policy was to ensure easy accessibility of information contained in individual articles rather than to provide elaborate cross references or reference to work published prior to 1982. However, a detailed subject index will help the reader find complementary information. The enzymes of ADP-ribose metabolism have not yet acquired universally acceptable trivial names and the Enzyme Commission has not yet defmitely decided on formal appellations. Consequently, a variety of names for the nuclear enzyme appear in this book, including nuc1ear(ADP-ribosyl)transferase, poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, or synthetase or synthase. Hopefully, a common convention will soon be established. The Seventh International Symposium on ADP-Ribosylation Reac­ tions was only possible because of the generous support which we have been given by our sponsors, listed below.

ADP-Ribosylation and Regulation of Cellular Function.- Multiple Aspects of ADP-Ribosylation Reactions.- ADP-Ribosylation as a Cellular Control Mechanism.- Poly(ADP-Ribose): Structure and Enzymology.- Size Distribution of Branched Polymers of ADP-Ribose Generated in Vitro and in Vivo.- Studies on the Structure of Poly(ADP-Ribose) by HPLC. Separation of in Vitro Generated Polymer Chains, Analysis of Chain Length, and Branching.- Probable Helical Conformation of Poly(ADP-Ribose).- Immobilized Poly(ADP-Ribose) Synthetase: Preparation and Properties.- The Domain Structure of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Synthetase and Its Role in Accurate Transcription Initiation.- DNA-Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Complex: Isolation of the DNA Wrapping the Enzyme Molecule.- The Role of Lysine Residues in the Catalytic Function and DNA Binding of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase as Determined by the Covalent Modification of the Enzyme Protein with Methyl Acetimidate.- ADP-Ribosyltransferase from Hen Liver Nuclei: Purification, Properties, and Evidence for ADP-Ribosylation-Induced Suppression of Cyclic AMP-Dependent Phosphorylation.- Poly(ADP-Ribosyl)ation of Nuclear Enzymes.- Kinetic Mechanism of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase.- Specificity of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Synthetase Inhibitors.- Inhibition of ADP-Ribosylation Reaction by 2?,5?-Oligoadenylates.- Activity Gels of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase: Phylogenetic Studies and Variations in Human Blood Cells.- The Relationship Between DNA Strand Breaks and ADP-Ribosylation.- Mechanism of Ethanol Stimulation of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Synthetase.- Specific Proteolytic Processing of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase in Human Lymphocytes.- Cytoplasmic Poly(ADP-Ribose) Synthetase in Rat Spermatogenic Cells.- Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Associated with Cytoplasmic Free mRNP Particles: Effect of RNase A.- Effect of DNA Intercalators on Poly(ADP-Ribose) Glycohydrolase Activity.- 5?-ADP-3?-Deoxypentos-2?-Ulose, a Novel Product of ADP-Ribosyl Protein Lyase.- Glutamyl Ribose-5-Phosphate Storage Disease: Clinical Description and Characterization of the Stored Material.- ADP-Ribosylation and Chromatin Structure.- Effect of Poly(ADP-Ribosyl)ation on Native Polynucleosomes, H1-Depleted Polynucleosomes, Core Particles, and H1-DNA Complexes.- Poly(ADP-Ribose) Glycohydrolase Activity Causes Recondensation of Relaxed Poly(ADP-Ribosyl)ated Polynucleosomes.- Kinetics of Nucleosomal Histone H1 Hyper(ADP-Ribosylation) and Polynucleosomes Relaxation.- DNA Strand-Breaks and Poly(ADP-Ribosylated) Mediation of Transcriptionally Active Chromatin and Transforming Gene Stability.- Poly(ADP-Ribose) in Nucleoids.- ADP-Ribosylation of Nuclear Matrix Proteins. Association of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Synthetase with the Nuclear Matrix.- Psoralen-Probing of Chromatin Organization in Intact Cells Undergoing DNA Excision Repair.- ADP-Ribosylation, DNA Repair, and Chromatin Organization.- ADP-Ribosylation, DNA Repair, and Xenobiotic Stress.- Is There a Role for ADP-Ribosylation in DNA Repair?.- Poly(ADP-Ribosyl)ation, DNA Repair, and Chromatin Structure.- Isolation and Identification of Mono- and Poly(ADP-Ribosyl) Proteins Formed in Intact Cells in Association with DNA Repair.- Mono(ADP-Ribosyl) Histone H1 in Alkylated Hepatoma Cells: Unusual Acceptor Site.- ADP-Ribosylation Reactions in Biological Responses to DNA Damage.- DNA Ligase II of Mammalian Cells.- Isolation of a DNA Ligase Mutant from L1210 Cells.- Environmental Stress and the Regulation of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Metabolism.- Tumor Promoter Phorbol-Myristate-Acetate Induces a Prooxidant State which Causes the Accumulation of Poly(ADP-Ribose) in Fibroblasts.- Kinetic Studies of the ADP-Ribosylation of HSP-83 in Chicken Embryo Fibroblast Cells.- Effects of 3-Aminobenzamide on Cell-Cycle Traverse and Viability of Human Cells Exposed to Agents which Induce DNA Strand-Breakage.- Potentiation of the Effects of Bleomycin and 1,3-Bis(2-Chloroethyl)-1-Nitrosourea on A549 Cell Cultures by Inhibitors of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Synthetase.- Cell Death Caused by the Anti-Cancer Drug Methotrexate: Does ADP-Ribosyl Transferase Have a Role to Play?.- Cytogenetic, Cytotoxic, and Cell-Cycle Effects of 3-Aminobenzamide in Human Lymphoblastoid Cells Proficient or Deficient in Nucleotide Biosynthesis.- Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Inhibition and the Induction of Mutation in V79 Cells.- Effect of 3-Aminobenzamide on CHO Cells Replicating in Medium Containing Chloro-Deoxyuridine.- Poly(ADP-Ribose) Synthesis in Lymphocytes of Persons Occupationally Exposed to Low Levels of Ionizing Radiation.- ADP-Ribosylation and Cellular Differentiation.- ADP-Ribosyltransferase in Protozoan Differentiation.- ADP-Ribosyltransferase Activity in Trypanosoma brucei.- ADP-Ribose: A Novel Aspect of Steroid Action.- ADP-Ribosylation and Glucocorticoid-Regulated Gene Expression.- Poly(ADP-Ribose) Synthetase and Cell Differentiation.- Interaction of Cyclic AMP and ADP-Ribosylation in a Hormonally Responsive Cell Line.- Poly(ADP-Ribose) Synthetase Inhibitor Effects on Cellular Functions.- Poly(ADP-Ribose) Synthetase Inhibitors Induce Islet B-Cell Regeneration in Partially Depancreatized Rats.- Regulation of Lymphocyte Proliferation by a Continuous Production and Repair of DNA Strand Breaks.- Requirement for ADP-Ribosyltransferase Activity and Rejoining of DNA Strand Breaks During Lymphocyte Stimulation.- Specific Inhibition of the Appearance of a T-Lymphocyte Surface Marker in Thymus Organ Cultures.- Transient Formation of DNA Strand Breaks During DMSO-Induced Differentiation of Promyelocytic Cell Line, HL-60.- Differentiation of a Myoblast Cell Line and Poly(ADP-Ribosyl)ation.- Inhibitors of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Prevent Friend Cell Differentiation.- Poly(ADP)-Ribosylation of Nuclear Proteins in the Mouse Testis.- ADP-Ribosylation and Neoplastic Transformation in Vitro and in Vivo.- A Role for Poly(ADP-Ribose) in Radiogenic and Chemically-Induced Malignant Transformation and Mutagenesis.- Effects of 3-Aminobenzamide on the Induction of Toxicity and Transformation by Various Chemicals in BALB/3T3 Cl A 31–1 Cells.- Specific Binding of Benzamide to DNA: Possible Correlation to Antitransforming Activity.- Enhancement by m-Aminobenzamide of Methylazoxymethanol Acetate-Induced Hepatoma of the Small Fish “Medaka” (Oryzias latipes).- Influence of Dietary Nicotinamide on N-Nitrosodimethylamine Carcinogenesis in Rats.- Involvement of Poly(ADP-Ribosylation) Reactions in Liver Carcinogenesis of Diethylnitrosamine in Rats.- Immunofluorescent Staining of Poly(ADP-Ribose) in Situ in Acetone-Fixed HeLa Cells: Its Usefulness for Clinical and Basic Sciences.- Diadenosine Tetraphosphate: A New Target for Cancer Chemotherapy.- Mono(ADP-Ribosylation) Reactions.- Characterization of NAD: Arginine Mono(ADP-Ribosyl)Transferases in Turkey Erythrocytes: Determinants of Substrate Specificity.- Mono(ADP-Ribosyl)ation and Phospho(ADP-Ribosylation)Reactions in Eukaryotic Cells.- Mono(ADP-Ribosylation) of Proteins at Arginine in Vivo.- Calcium Transport and Mono(ADP-Ribosylation) in Mitochondria.- A Cellular Mono(ADP-Ribosyl)Transferase which Modifies the Diphthamide Residue of Elongation Factor-2.- Photochemical Transfer of the Nicotinamide Moiety of NAD to a Specific Residue in the Catalytic Center of Diphtheria Toxin Fragment A.- ADP-Ribosylation of a Membrane Protein Catalyzed by Islet-Activating Protein, Pertussis Toxin.- Why Does Cholera Toxin Need GTP to Act?.- Epilogue.