Adapted Physical Activity : An Interdisciplinary Approach. Proceedings of the 7th International Symposium, Berlin, June 1989

From 21-24 June 1989 the International Federation of Adapted Physical Activity (IF APA) held its 7th International Symposium "Adapted Physical Activity -An Interdisciplinary Approach" in Berlin (West). This was the first time that this symposium has been held in a German speaking country, and it presented unique challenges to the organizers. For example, neither the term nor the field of adapted physical activity was known in Germany before the symposium. Thus, at the outset, the organizers' task was to define the meaning of adapted physical activity as a concept and to identify areas and professionals associated with it. After lengthy and intense discussions we agreed on the following definition: Adapted physical activity refers to movement, physical activity, and sports in which special emphasis is placed on the interests and capabilities of individuals with limiting conditions, such as the disabled, health impaired or aged. Despite the fact that the use of an English term for a symposium in Germany would not be accepted by all German speaking professionals, it was decided to use this term because no translation appeared to be fully adequate. "Sports for the Disabled", "Modified Movement Activites", "Sport Therapy", or "Psychomotor Exercises" would have represented only single aspects of adapted physical activity and were thus incomplete.

1 Adapted Physical Activity: An Interdisciplinary Approach.- Adapted Physical Activity — Terminology and Concepts.- Comments on Adapted Physical Activity — Terminology and Concepts.- Adapted Physical Activity — An Interdisciplinary Approach. Premises, Methods, and Procedures.- Interdisciplinary Perspectives in Adapted Physical Activity.- 2 Sports for All.- Fitness and Health.- Matching the Activity to Ability — Criteria for Selecting the Physical Education Programme.- The Concept of Empowerment in Rehabilitative Sports.- Physical Activity of Finnish Adults According to Age, Sex, and Place of Residence.- Physical Activity in the Lives of Three Mentally Handicapped Adults.- 3 Sports for Athletes with Disabilities.- Sports for Athletes with Disabilities: Future Considerations.- A Comparison Between the Psychological Profiles of Wheelchair Athletes, Wheelchair Nonathletes, and Able-Bodied Athletes.- The Development from a Medical Classification to a Player Classification in Wheelchair Basketball.- The Mechanical Power Output of World Class Wheelchair Athletes.- A Kinematic Analysis of Wheelchair Propulsion.- Track Wheelchair Ergometry: Effects of Handrim Diameter on Metabolic Responses.- Table Tennis for Wheelchair Users.- Winter Sports for Wheelchair Users.- Training Methods for High Performance Disabled Athletes.- The Effects of Weight Training and Flexibility Exercising on the Strength, Range of Motion, and Spasticity/Muscle Tone of Elite Cerebral Palsy Athletes.- Role Conflict in a Sport Psychologist: Working with Athletes or Special Needs Populations.- 4 Integration and Social Acceptance.- Acceptance and Access by Accentuation of Ability.- Training the Non-Disabled to Interact Positively with the Disabled.- Attitudes of Selected College Students Toward Including Disabled Individuals in Integrated Settings.- Downstream or Upstream with Mainstreaming? — Handicapped Students at Finnish Secondary Schools.- Moving Into Mainstreaming — An Integrated Approach to Adapted Physical Education.- Effects of an Integrated Adapted Physical Education Program on Psychomotor and Cognitive Parameters of Mentally Retarded Adolescents.- Integrating Physically Handicapped into Sport: Judo.- A Ball Game for Teams of Blind and Seeing Children: Circle Goal Ball.- Theater and Handicap: Summertheater Dandelion Blossom.- 5 Educational and Philosophical Aspects.- United States Congressional Legislation Affecting Physical Education for the Handicapped.- Methodological Considerations in Program Development.- Program Validation Through Systematic Data Recording.- A Comparison for Behavior Chaining Techniques for Teaching Motor Fitness Skills to Individuals with Severe Mental Retardation.- Psychomotor Therapy and Adapted Physical Activity: Defining the Concepts.- Common Features of Different Types of Movement Education and Movement Therapy.- 6 The Role of Professionals in Adapted Physical Activity.- Adapted Physical Education: The Role of the Teacher and Pedagogical Practices.- Effective Teaching in Adapted Physical Education.- Critical Results Regarding Motor Development in Infants — Do We Have to Reconsider Our Concepts of Movement Education?.- Meaning of Play: What Patterns in Behavior Suggest for Adaptation of Educational and Therapeutic Practice.- 7 Effects of Physical Exercise.- A Comparative Study Between 1973 and 1986 on the Level of Physical Fitness and Motor Ability of the Physically Handicapped Students in the Junior Middle Schools, Taiwan, Republic of China.- Exercise Therapy in Disability.- Effects of Physical Exercise in Adolescents with Down’s Syndrome.- Effect of a 7-Month Run/Walk Program on the Physiological Fitness Parameters of Adults with Mental Retardation.- Long-Term Cardiovascular and Metabolic Adaptation to Bedside Ergometer Training in Hemodialysis Patients.- Analysis of Hoffmann Reflexes and Muscular Responses Following Exercise and Massage on Soleus in Woman With Cerebral Palsy.- 8 Physical Activity as Therapy.- Movement Therapy and Physical Activities After Breast Cancer.- Movement Therapy in the Aftercare of Psychiatric Patients — Structure and Organization of a Rural Model Project.- Influence of Sport Treatment on Central Parameters of Depression — A Case Study from the Berlin Project “Sports and Mental Health”.- Psycholgical Effects on Patients with Myocardial Infarction After a Dynamic Exercise Training During Rehabilitation.- The Dosage of Exercise Intensity According to the Exertion Perceived by Female Patients with Myocardial Infarction.- Biosignal Processing: an Electromyographic Biofeedback-Aided Therapy in Spastic Hemiparesis.- Muscular Dystrophy: An Interdisciplinary Approach to Activity Programming.- 9 Human Movement Analysis.- Adapted Gait of the Blind.- The World Behind Our Heads: A Problem for Deaf Children?.- Evaluating the Body Experience of Patients with Eating Disorders Through Video Confrontation — An Evaluation Protocol.- Movement and Play Related Environmental Analysis of Educationally Handicapped and Learning Disabled Children as a Basis for Psychomotor Programs.- Marker Variables for Early Identification of Physically Awkward Children.- 10 Assessment.- The Measurement of Motor Abilities: Developments, Problems, and Alternatives.- Assessing the Gross Motor Skill Development of Special Education Students.- Issues in Assessment of Physical Fitness with People Who are Severely Handicapped.- Motor Function Assessment Scale.- Observation of Motor Behavior in the Daily Life of Cerebral Palsied Children.- Relationship Between Spatial Body Representation and Motor Control in Children with Cerebral Palsy.- Diagnosis of Selected Motor Coordination Abilities of Elderly Adults.- Development and Reliability of a Sports Motor Test for Elderly People.- 11 Technological Advances.- Design of a Static Wheelchair Ergometer: Preliminary Results.- Technical and Physical Aspects as a Prerequisite for Successful Wheelchair Sports.- Research on the Optimal Rotation Velocity by Adjustment of a Tennis Wheelchair.- Auditory and Tactile Scoring Aids for Visually Impaired Bowlers.- The Load Upon the Artificial Hip Joint During Cycling.- Dynamic Ortheses for Children with Meningomyelocele.- Appendix: International Federation of Adapted Physical Activity (IFAPA), 7th International Symposium 1989.