Advances in Superconductivity II

Since the First International Symposium on Superconductivity (ISS '88) was held in Nagoya, Japan in 1988, significant advances have been achieved in a wide range of high temperature superconductivity research. Although the T c's of recently discovered oxide superconductors still do not exceed the record high value of 125K reported before that meeting, the enrichment in the variety of materials should prove useful to the investigation of the fundamental mechanism of superconductiv­ ity in these exotic materials. The discovery of the n-type superconducting oxides proved to oppose the previously held empirical fact that the charge carriers in all oxide superconductors were holes. In addition, optimization of the charge carrier density has been established as a technique to improve the superconducting proper­ ties of the previously known oxide materials. Many new experimental and theoreti­ cal advances have been made in understanding both the fundamental and the applied aspects of high temperature superconductivity. In this latter area, various new processing techniques have been investigated, and the critical current densities and other significant parameters of both bulk and thin film oxide superconductors are rapidly being improved. At this exciting stage of research in high temperature superconductivity, it is extremely important to provide an opportunity for researchers from industry, academia, government and other institutions around the world to freely exchange information and thus contribute to the further advancement of research.

1 Plenary Lectures.- The Development Of Superconductivity Research In Oxides.- Present Status of the Theory of High-Temperature Superconductivity.- Present Status of Experiments in High-Tc Superconductivity.- Scaling Laws for the Irreversible Magnetization of Type-II Superconductors.- Fabrication and Characterization of Bscco Films.- High-Tc Superconducting Analog Circuits.- Maglev Trains.- 2 Material Preparation.- 2.1 Synthesis and Structure.- Syntheses and Properties of Single CuO2-Sheet Compounds: Charge-Transfer Gap and Charge-Doping Effect.- Structural and Physical Properties of Ca-Substituted YBa2Cu4O8.- Structure and Superconducting Properties of [(Ln1-xLn*x)1/2 (Ba1-y Sry)1/3Ce1/68Cu6 Oz].- Beneficial Effect of Using 211 for the Formation of 123 Superconducting Phase.- Preparation and Characterization of [La, Ln, Ba, Sr, Cel8Cu6Oz (Ln: Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, and Y) Ceramics.- High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy of Y1-xCaxBa2Cu4O8 and Its Defects.- Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a New Family of Superconductors (TI, Pb) (R, Sr)2CuO5(R=La, Nd).- Superconductivity in the Bi2(Ln, Ln*)xCa3-xCu2Oy (Ln, Ln*=Lanthanides and Y) Systems.- Superconductivity in Pb-Based Copper Oxides with 1212 Structure.- Rietveld Structure Refinement of Superconducting YBaSrCu3O7-? Using X-ray and Neutron Powder Diffraction Data.- Effect of Oxygen HIP on Superconducting Property of High-Tc Oxide Superconductors.- Determination of Oxygen Content of YBa2Cu3O7-y Superconductors.- Pseudo-Elastic Deformation and Environment-Induced Structural Changes in Oxide Superconductors.- Hot Deformation and Superconductivity of YBa2Cu3O7-x Ceramics.- Effect of Particle Size on Sintering Behavior of Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+?.- High Transition Temperature Superconductors, (TI, Pb, Bi)Sr2Ca2Cu3Oz, with Zero Resistance at 120 K.- The Formation and Stability of Superconducting Phases in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O System.- Growth of High-Tc Phase and Partial Melting in Pb-Doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O.- Formation of a High Tc Phase in Pb-Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconductor.- The Formation Process of the High-Tc Phase in the Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O System.- Preparation of High-Tc Phase in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O System by Means of Addition of Ca2PbO4.- Formation of 2223 Phase and Variation in Composition of Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconductors.- Increased Critical Temperature in Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Oxide System.- HRTEM Observation on Mixed Phases and Interfaces in High-Tc Bi-Based Superconductors.- Modulated Structures in High-Tc Superconducting Oxides: Bi-Sr-Ca-Y-Cu-O and Ti-Ba-Ca-Cu-O.- Modulated Structures of Bi-Based High-Tc Superconducting Oxides.- Preparation of Bi(Pb, Sb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O System Superconductors Through Sol-Gel Method.- Preparation of Yttrium Barium Cuprate Powder by Sol-Gel Method at Low Temperature.- Preparation of Superconducting Thin Films of Bi2Sr2CaCu2Oy by Metallo-Organic Deceomposition Method.- High Total and High Oxygen Partial Pressure Effects on Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconductor During O2-HIP Sintering.- Superconductivity of the Ti-Ba-Sr-Ca-Cu System.- Crystal Structures of TI-(Ba, Sr)-Ca-Cu-O Superconductors.- Stability of T* and T’ Phases in Nd1.4Sr0.4Ce0.2CuO4-d.- Composite-Layered Chalcogenides: A New Candidate for Superconductor.- CGS: The Crystal Structure Graphics Display System for Superconducting Materials.- 2.2 Substitution and Doping.- 90K Superconductivity in Ca-Substituted YB2Cu4O8.- Superconductivity in Bi2Sr2Ca1-xCexCu2Oy.- Preparative and Structural Studies on Various Substitutions in the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O System.- Effect of Elemental Substitution on the Superconductive Properties in Bi2Sr2Can-1CunOy.- Superconductivity of High Tc TIBa2Ca1-xYxCu2O7 (0?x?1.0) System.- Improvement of Water-Resistivity of High-Tc Superconductor by Ag2O Addition.- 2.3 Phase Diagram and Crystal Growth.- Single Crystal High Tc Superconductor.- Phase Equilibria of Bi2O3-SrO-CaO-CuO System at 1123k in Air.- Phase Diagram of Bi-Based Superconductors.- Preparation of Substrates for Superconductive Devices Using Bi-System Low-Tc Single Crystals.- Structure and Superconductivity of TI2Ca3Ba2Cu4Ox Single Crystals.- Phase Diagram and Crystal Growth of Nd2CuO4 and Pr2CuO4 System.- 2.4 Melt Growth.- Melt Textured Growth: Related Process and Its Characterization.- Directional Solidification Processing of High Tc Superconducting Oxides.- Improvement of Grain Boundary Weak-Links In YBCO Tape Shaped Wire Prepared by the Floating Zone Melting Technique.- Ag-Doped Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconductor Prepared By Floating Zone Method.- Effect of Rare Earth Substitution on REBA2Cu3Ox Superconductors by Quench and Melt Growth Process.- The Transport Properties of Oxide Superconductors by Melt Process.- Melt Processing of YBaCuO Oxide Superconductors.- Highly Textured Superconducting Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Crystals Prepared by the Vertical Bridgman Method.- Superconducting High-Tc Oxide/Metal Matrix Composites Produced by Internal Oxidation of Unidirectionally Solidified Ag-Yb-Ba-Cu Alloys.- Formation of High-Tc Phase of Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Oxide Superconductor by Melt Process.- Preparation of Superconducting Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Rods by Melt-Quenching and Floating Zone Method.- The Critical Current Density of Y-Rich Y-Ba-Cu-O Superconductor by Half-Melted Process.- Preparation of Bi System Oxide Superconductors by Melt Growth.- Microstructural Characterization of YBa2Cu3O7-x Prepared by the Quench and Melt Growth (QMG) Process.- Microstructure of Bi-based Superconductor Prepared by Floating Zone Method.- Laser Zone Melting of Bi2Sr2CaCu2Ox Superconductors.- 2.5 Wires.- Conductor Design with High-Tc Ceramics: A Review.- Electromagnetic Properties and Structures of BiPbSrCaCuO Superconducting Wires.- The Transport Critical Current Property of High Tc Superconducting Wires.- Studies on Microstructure-Property Relationship of YBa2Cu3O7-x + Ag Composite Wire.- Mechanical Properties of High-Tc Oxide Composite Superconductors.- AC Loss Of High-Tc Superconductors.- Preparation of Ag-Sheathed Ti-Ca-Ba-Cu-0 Superconducting Wire H. Takei, Y. Torii, H. Kugai, T. Hikata, K. Sato, H. Hitotuyanagi, K. Tada.- Effect of Uniaxial Stress onto the Electromagnetic Properties of Bi-(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O) Superconductors.- High-TcSuperconducting Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O and TI-Ca-Ba-Cu-O Filaments Produced by the Suspension Spinning Method.- Transport Property and Microstructure of Silver-Sheathed Bi-Based Superconductors with High Degree of Crystal Orientation.- 2.6 Thick Films and Tapes.- Highly Oriented YBaCu-Ceramic Layers Through Reactive Sintering.- Contact Resistance and Proximity Effect of the YBCO/Ag Interface.- Effect of Cold-Working on the Critical Current Density of Ag-Sheathed Bi(Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Tapes.- New Fabrication Method of Thick Film of Oxide Superconductor by the Combination of Mist Pyrolysis and Collision of Particles to Substrate.- Fabrication and Critical Current Density of High-Tc Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Superconducting Thick Films.- Fabrication and Characteristics of Multi-Core Tl-Ba(Sr)-Ca-Cu Oxide Superconducting Tapes.- Formation of Y-Ba-Cu-O Thick Films by Plasma Spraying.- Superconducting Properties and Microstructure of Ag-Sheathed YBa2Cu3Oy and Sintered YBa2Cu3Oy.- Preparation of Superconducting Thick Films of Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O by Gas Deposition of Fine Powder.- Effect of the Fabricating Process on the Superconducting Properties of Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Tapes by the Powder-in-Tube Method.- Concentration of Current to the Surface and Modification by CO2 Laser for Oxide Superconductor.- Preparation and Superconducting Properties of Highly Oriented Thick Films of Y-Ba-Cu-O Systems by a Paint-on Method.- A 124 Phase In Y-Ba-Cu-O Film Fabricated by Mocvd.- A Thermal Gradient Technique for Accelerated Testing of Tl-HTSC (or, for that Matter, Any Ceramic!).- Characteristics of Superconducting YBa2Cu3O7-x Tapes Prepared by Chemical Vapor Deposition.- 3 Physical Properties.- 3.1 Mechanism of Superconductivity.- A Unified Approach to the Description of High-Tc Oxides: Major Normal and Superconducting Parameters.- Superconducting Transition of 2D Two-Band Systems with Exchange-Like Interaction.- Fermion Confinement Model for High-Tc Superconductivity in a Quasi-Two-Dimensional System.- Ground State Electronic Structure and Mechanism of High-Tc Copper Oxides.- 3.2 Electronic Structures.- Normal State Electronic Structure and the Superconducting Energy Gap In HTSC’S as Determined from Photoemission Spectroscopy.- Layered Cuprates: Structure, Valence State and Superconductivity.- X-ray Absorption Near Edge Studies fo Nd2-xCexCuO4-y.- Photoelectron Spectroscopic Study of (Y1-xCax)Ba2Cu4O8.- X-ray Absorption Studies of Tl-Ba-Cu-O Superconductors.- Valence State of Ba1-xKxBiO3-? Superconductor Controlled by the Oxygen Content.- Electronic States of CunOm Clusters by DV-X? Calculation.- 3.3 Transport and Tunneling Properties.- Tunneling and Transport Experiments on Single-Crystal Nd2-xCexCuO4-y and YBa2Cu3O7.- Transport and Magnetic Properties in Tl System Superconductors Showing Large Tc-Variations.- Microwave Resistance of YBa2Cu3Oy Ceramics Caused by Weak Links.- Hall Effect of a YBa2Cu3O7-? Epitaxially Grown Thin Film.- Hall Effect in Oxide Superconductors Having Fluorite-Type Layers.- Transport Properties of High-Tc Superconductors.- Unusual Physical Properties of Bi2Sr2Can-1CunOy Family Materials.- STM Inestigations of the Grain Surface of Bi0.8 PbxSr1Ca1 Cu1.6 O8+y Superconductors.- Survey of Superconductivity in a Layered Compound 1T-VSe2.- Anomalous Transport Properties of Organic Superconductor ?-(BEDT-TTF)2Cu(NCS)2.- 3.4 ESR and Mossbauer Studies.- Superconducting Properties and ESR of Mn-Doped YBa2Cu3O7-x.- ESR Study on High-Tc Superconducting Oxides.- Interactions among Gd and Cu-2 in GdBa2Cu3Oy Compounds.- ESR, Nonresonant Microwave Absorption and Static Magnetic Susceptibility in Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O System.- 57Fe and 57Co Mossbauer Studies of High-Tc Y-Ba-Cu Oxides.- Anisotropy of Lattice Vibration in Aligned Ba2EuCu3O7 Observed by 151Eu Mössbauer Spectroscopy.- 3.5 Optical Properties.- Optical Study of the Electronics States in the High-Tc Cuprates.- Electronic Structure and Midinfrared Exciton Bands of Cuprate Superconductors.- Optical Properties of Ln2-x CexCuO4 (Ln=Pr, Nd, And Sm) Single Crystals.- Raman Scattering Spectra of NdBa2Cu3Ox Single Crystals.- Raman Scattering in (Ca0.86Sr0.14)CuO2 and Nd2CuO4.- 3.6 Mechanical Properties.- Phonon Eohoes in Superconducting Powders of Tl-Ba-Ca-Cu-O and (Bi, Pb)-Sr-Ca-Cu-O.- Ultrasonic, Vibrating Reed and X-Ray Study of the Structural Phase Transition in Single Crystal La2-xSrxCuO4-y High-Tc Superconductor.- Degradation by Mechanical Grinding, and Recovery by Annealing, in the Superconducting Phases of the Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O System.- Electron Microscopic Studies of Shock Loading Effects on High Tc Superconductor: Layered Bi System.- 3.7 Magnetic Properties.- Why Is Meissner Effect Dependent on Field Intensity and Surface-to-Volume Ratio of Samples in Oxide Superconductors?.- Resistive State of High Temperature Superconductors in Magnetic Fields.- Two-Dimensional Phase Fluctuation in High-Tc Superconductor under Magnetic Field.- Superconducting Properties of (GdCe)4(LaBaSr)4Cu6O18.8.- Influence of Transition Metal Doping on Antiferromagnetic Order in the Pb2Sr2(Ca, Y)Cu3O8 System.- Direct Observation of Superconducting Magnetic Fluxons Using Electron Holography.- 3.8 Flux Creep and Flux Motion.- Magnetization Relaxation and Resistive Behaviour of High-Tc Superconductors.- Flux Pinning Mechanism ad Critical Current Density in High-Temperature Superconductors.- Effects of Non-Linearity in the Variation of Pinning Potential with Current-Density on Magnetic Flux Creep in High and Low Tc Superconductors.- Flux Creep of Melt Processed YBa2Cu3O7.- Intergranular Flux Creep in Ceramic YBa2Cu3Ox.- Flux Creep and Temperature Dependence of the Transport Critical Current Density in High-Tc Superconductors.- Magnetic Properties of Bi- and Tl-Based Single Crystals.- Distribution of Flux Pinning Energies in Superconducting Thin Films.- Relaxation in High Transport Current Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O System.- Resistive Behavior of High Tc Superconducting Thin Film in Magnetic Field.- Intergranular Vortex and Weak-Link Structure in the Ag2O Doped LaBa2Cu3O7-y.- Enlargement of Flux Pinning Forces in X-ray Irradiated Gd1Ba2Cu3O7-x Superconducting Thin Films.- Properties of Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Bulk Superconductors Prepared by a Hot-Press Method.- Novel Magnetic Transition In X-ray Irradiated GdBaCuO Films.- Magnetic Shield of Bi-Pb-Sr-Ca-Cu-O High-Tc Superconductors at 77K in a Weak Magnetic Field.- Evaluation of Magnetic Hysteresis Curves for Various Specimens.- Critical Current Density Measurements by Opposite Polarized Magnetic Dipoles.- Nonresonant Microwave Absorption and Critical Current Density in High Tc Superconductors.- Magnetization Hysteresis in the Bi(Pb)SrCaCuO Superconducting System.- A. C. Susceptibility of YBaCuO Prepared by Quench and Melt Growth Process.- Is Oxygen Deficiency at Grain Boundaries the Origin of Weak Links in YBa2Cu3Oy Sintered Materials?.- 4 Preparation and Properties of Thin Films.- 4.1 YBCO and Related Films.- Hetero Epitaxial Growth Mechanism of Thin Film for High-Tc Superconductors.- Thin Film of High-Tc Superconductor.- Hetero-Epitaxial Growth of YBaCuO Thin Films.- Thin Film, OMCVD Process for High-Tc Superconductivity.- High-Tc Superconducting Oxide Films Prepared by CVD.- Characterization of Superconducting Oxide Thin Films by X-ray Diffraction.- Preparation of Thin-Film Oxide Superconductor, Y1Ba2Cu3O7-? by Facing Target Sputtering Deposition Technique.- Polarized Plasma Annealing of Y-Ba-Cu-O Thin Films.- Composition and Deposition Temperature Dependences on Tc for the RF Sputtered Y-Ba-Cu-O Films.- In-situ Preparation of YBCO Thin Films on Single Crystal LaAlO3.- In-situ Preparation of Superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O Films by Sequential Deposition Using 40MHz Magnetron Sputtering.- Epitaxially Grown Superconducting Y-Ba-Cu-O Films Prepared by Multi-Target Magnetron Sputtering.- Preparation and Superconductive Properties of YBa2Cu3Oy Thin Films by Coevaporation with ECR Ion Source.- Preparation of Y1Ba2Cu3O7-? Thin Films by MBE Using Metal Chelates.- Preparation and Properties of Y-Ba-Cu-O Thin Films on Flexible Ysz Substrates.- Preparation of As-Deposited Superconducting YBaCuO Thin Films on Metallic Substrate by Magnetron Sputtering.- Formation Method of Ybco Thin Films with Large Critical Current Ic.- Preparation of Superconducting Ti Doped Y-Ba-Cu-O Films on Metallic Substrates with a Thin Buffer Layer.- Oriented YBa2Cu3O7-x Superconductive Thin Film Growth on Metallic Substrate by ICB Deposition Method.- Complex Susceptibility in Single-Crystal YBa2Cu3O7-x Thin Films.- As Grown Y-Ba-Cu-O Thin Films with Fine Grains and the Fabrication of the Superconducting Lines.- Properties of Sputter-Deposited YBa2Cu3O7-x Thin Films.- As-Deposited Superconducting Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Thin Films Prepared by RF Magnetron Sputtering.- Formation Mechanism of As-Deposited Epitaxial YBa2Cu3Ox(x=6-7) Thin Films in Laser Deposition.- Preparation of High Tc Superconducting Compound by Laser Ablation.- Preparation of Y-Ba-Cu-O Superconducting Films By Excimer Laser Ablation.- Effect of N2O on Preparation of Ba2YCu3Ox Films by Excimer Laser Ablation with Laser Irradiation on Growing Surface.- Effect of Oxygen Pressure During Laser Deposition on Crystal Orientation in YBa2Cu3O7-? Films.- Characterization of Oxide Superconducting Films Prepared by Pyrolysis of Organic Acid Salts.- Observations on Boundary Layer Between Oxide Superconducting Films and Various Substrates.- Preparation of Ag-YBCO Composite Fine Powder by Spray-Pyrolysis.- Preparation of YBa2Cu3O7-y Superconducting Films by the Organic Transport-Chemical Vapor Deposition.- 4.2 Bscco and Related Films.- In-situ Preparation of Bi-Sr-Ca-Cu-O Films by Coevaporation Assisted by Energy Controlled ECR Oxygen Ion Beam.- Oxide Superconductor BSCCO Films Prep...