Annual Editions: Human Development, 43/e

The Annual Editions series is designed to provide convenient, inexpensive access to a wide range of current articles from some of the most respected magazines, newspapers, and journals published today. Annual Editions are updated on a regular basis through a continuous monitoring of over 300 periodical sources. The articles selected are authored by prominent scholars, researchers, and commentators writing for a general audience. Each Annual Editions volume has a number of features designed to make them especially valuable for classroom use: an annotated Table of Contents, a Topic Guide, an annotated listing of supporting websites, Learning Outcomes and a brief overview for each unit, and Critical Thinking questions at the end of each article. Go to the McGraw-Hill Create™ Annual Editions Article Collection at www.mcgrawhillcreate.com/annualeditions to browse the entire collection. Select individual Annual Editions articles to enhance your course, or access and select the entire Freiberg: Annual Editions: Human Development, 43/e ExpressBook for an easy, pre-built teaching resource by clicking here. An online Instructor’s Resource Guide with testing material is available for each Annual Editions volume. Using Annual Editions in the Classroom is also an excellent instructor resource. Visit the Create Central Online Learning Center at www.mhhe.com/createcentral for more details.

Annual Editions: Freiberg

Preface

Correlation Guide

Topic Guide

UNIT Genetic and Prenatal Influences on Development

Unit Overview

Part A. Genetic Influences

Journey to the Genetic Interior, Stephen S. Hall, Scientific American, October 2012

For years geneticists have considered the non-protein coding DNA "junk." Now regularly genes, and the transcription of DNA to RNA, are considered important in the role of inheritance and health. Evan Birney, in this interview, proposed expunging the term "junk DNA." He believes 80% of the jungle of unexplored materials may be functional. How? is the question.

Recipe for Immortality, George Church and Ed Regis, Discover, October 2012

Pluripotent stem cells could conceivably extend the aging human lifespan by replacing all damaged cells. The ethics of genetic engineering are questioned. Earth's population is growing by 75 million people per year. Should technology maintain health and prevent death? The pros and cons of immortality are addressed in this article.

The Unspeakable Gift, Katie Steedly, Washingtonian, August 2013

A woman with Turner Syndrome, a genetic disease, discussed her physical status. Her health was improved with hormone replacement therapy, calcium, and Vitamin D. Technology (e.g., MRIs, central catheters) gave her a better prognosis. Psychotherapy and spiritual counseling made her feel whole, loveable, and loved.

The Incredible Expanding Adventures of the X Chromosome, Christopher Babcock, Psychology Today, September/October 2011

This article explains XY ( male) and XX ( female) genetics and gender differences. There is mounting evidence that X-related brain development affects socialization, intelligence, and cognition. The Y chromosome has about 100 genes compared to about 1,200 X genes. Both genius and autistic spectrum disorders may be X related.

Part B. Prenatal Influences

How Long Can You Wait to Have a Baby?, Jean M. Twenge, The Atlantic, July/August 2013

Many men and women choose to delay marriage and childrearing until they are settled in careers and/or can afford either or both. What constitutes aging where pregnancy is concerned? This article has surprising statistics about fertility over the lifespan.

Unnatural Selection, Mara Hvistendahl, Psychology Today, July/August 2011

Years of prenatal sex selection in China, Korea, India, Balkans, and Caucasus countries has led to 20–30% more men and many stressors. Violence, sex trafficking and arranged marriages for women are rising. Preimplantation genetic diagnosis has arrived in the U.S. What ethics are involved in these gender choices?

UNIT Development During Infancy and Early Childhood

Unit Overview

Part A. Infancy

Keys to Quality Infant Care: Nurturing Every Baby's Life Journey, Alice Sterling Honig, Young Children, September 2010

Dr. Honig, an expert on infant caregiving, shares 11 keys to enhancing baby's brain development, physical status, language skills, emotional regulation, and social abilities. She explains different infant temperaments and advises on how parents and teachers can shape behaviors to accommodate personalities.

Vaccination Nation, Chris Mooney, Discover, June 2009

Parents have been scared by activists claiming (falsely) that vaccines cause infant autism. Science proves otherwise; this article cites multiple studies. The ethics of skeptics are dubious. Withholding vaccines can cause epidemics of largely vanquished diseases. Other environmental factors which trigger genetic diseases must be explored, and motivation to vaccinate must increase.

Anguish of the Abandoned Child, Charles A. Nelson III, Nathan A. Fox, and Charles H. Zeanah, Jr., Scientific American, April 2013

Old literature documents the effects of institutional life on infants. This new study, begun in 2000, compared home-reared versus institutionalized children in Romania, where home care for all was not an option. Brain development and cognitive processes were profoundly affected by institutional life, as were social and emotional modes of behavior.

Part B. Early Childhood

How to Help Your Toddler Begin Developing Empathy, Rebecca Pariakian and Claire Lerner, Zero to Three, July 2009

Personality is socialized as well as inherited. Teaching empathy in parenting practices during early childhood helps toddlers understand emotions and develop self-esteem. This article explains how to foster this complex skill. (from AE:HD 13/14)

How to Raise a Global Kid, Lisa Miller, Newsweek, July 25, 2011

Are children behind if they finish school as monogluts? Lisa Miller's focus is on early bilingual education and biculturalism. Language instruction increases brain development, yet each year fewer American schools offer it. Parenting to raise global kids can enhance social and emotional skills, resiliency, and world friendships.

The Touch-Screen Generation, Hanna Rosin, The Atlantic, April 2013

Early childhood has many "digital natives" fluent in finger-swiping technology before word recognition or reading. This article ponders the effects of kids' "apps" on brain development, cognition, intelligence, and creativity. Digital media often functions as a babysitter during meals, car rides, and busy times. Will swiping become addictive for toddlers?

Ten Tips for Involving Families through Internet-Based Communication, Sascha Mitchell, Teresa S. Foulger, and Keith Wetzel, Young Children, September 2009

Early childhood education can be greatly enhanced with family-school partnerships. The authors suggest 10 ways in which parents and teachers can work together to teach young children. Technology is required so inexpensive ways to access computers are given. Ways to overcome language differences are also addressed.

Trauma and Children: What We Can Do, Linda Goldman, Healing Magazine, 2012

Thousands of our children and adolescents are traumatized each year (e.g., bullying, violence, drugs, sex, gender issues). The sounds and images of technology repeat the "bad stuff." The author recommends that parents and educators talk about the events with simple facts and truthful responses. She suggests many activities (e.g., new email, writing, art) to enhance coping.

UNIT Development During Childhood: Cognition and Schooling

Unit Overview

Part A. Cognition

An Educator's Journey toward Multiple Intelligences, Scott Seider, Edutopia, 2008

Can intelligence be defined as a general ability? The theory of multiple intelligences (MI), put forth by Howard Gardner, answers NO. The author describes his appreciation of a poor student's "smartness" on the athletic field. Gardner's theory focuses on different ways in which children use cognitive processes (e.g., body-kinesthetic, music). Schools are not required to educate for every area of MI.

Creating a Country of Readers, Sid Trubowitz, Phi Delta Kappan Magazine, October 2010

Cognition begins prenatally; so should reading. Sid Trubowitz believes women who are pregnant or have infants ought to be instructed to read to their babies. Schools can start with meditative reading and extend library hours. Storytelling can be integral to family life. Black-outs of technology can be devoted to reading. Let us create a culture that reads.

Addressing Achievement Gaps with Psychological Interventions, David Yeager, Gregory Walton, and Geoffrey L. Cohen, Kappan, February 2013

If children believe their low intelligence is fixed, their personalities suffer from low self- esteem and low incentive to try to learn. School interventions can teach them that cognitive processes are developed. Students from marginalized cultures, when criticized or disrespected, are especially prone to achievement gaps.

In Defense of Distraction, Sam Anderson, New York Magazine, May 25, 2009

This article is an exposition about the massive amounts of multitasking, electronic technology interpretation and distractions add to our lives by the culture's "Information Age." (An average adolescent in the United States spends six hours per day on-line.) While hyper-focusing programs abound, the author argues that harnessing distractions may increase brain efficiency for complex cognitive processing.

Part B. Schooling

What I've Learned, Michelle Rhee, Newsweek, December 13, 2010

School reform is difficult. It involves culture change. This article describes the struggles to improve education in Washington, D.C. between 2007–2010. More than 20 nations surpass children in the United States in science, reading, and math. There is no large lobby to promote school students' best interests. The author presents several suggestions for putting "students first."

Reformed Schools, Jonathan Miller, New York Times Magazine, April 10, 2011

This article describes the education of children and adolescents from a health-challenged, violence-ridden Bronx neighborhood public school. Despite reform movement expectations, testing, restrictive union rules, and incoming charter schools, the principal of P.S. 223 is creating a culture that values learning.

Visiting Room 501, Margaret Sauceda Curwen, Phi Delta Kappan Magazine, June 2009

Latinos are the largest minority culture in the U.S. They are not unidimensional (e.g., non-mainstream, marginalized, "at-risk"). Many are U.S.-born, whose home language is English and who are upwardly mobile. Schools who disenfranchise Latino children based on old stereotypes impair their identity, affiliation, and achievement.

UNIT Development During Childhood: Family and Culture

Unit Overview

Part A. Family

The Angry Smile, Signe L. Whitson, Going Bonkers Magazine, October 2009

Children learn how to behave in unhelpful passive-aggressive modes from parents, peers, school personnel, television characters, and in cultural contexts. Passive-aggression is not genetic. It can be changed through socialization. This article tells how to substitute assertive expression for passive-aggression.

Support Parents to Improve Student Learning, Joanna Cattanach, Kappan, March 2013

It is a myth that Hispanic parents don't care about education. To improve family engagement, some Texas schools offer adults courses in the English language, computers, nutrition even how to handle immigration issues and the government system. When parents partner with schools, students' academic success improves.

Do-It-(All)-Yourself Parents, Linda Perlstein, Newsweek, February 6, 2012

A popular approach called " attachment parenting" includes home schooling. About 300,000 children and adolescents in the U.S. are now home schooled. State laws vary; from no reporting to submission of plans and test scores. Advantages are flexible differentiated instruction, no bullying, family togetherness, and welcomes from colleges.

Child Welfare and Children's Mental Health Services: A Decade of Transformation, Ken Olson, Healing Magazine, 2010

A U.S. study of mental health services to children and families concluded that systems are "in disarray." States had better reviews if they focused on domestic violence, emotional distress, and drug abuse. A transformation to family-driven, community-based services was recommended. Will such child welfare cost less and work better?

Part B. Culture

How to Stop the Bullies, Emily Bazelon, The Atlantic, March 2013

Social networking dominates adolescent and pre-teen culture. New technologies allow fake identities and anonymous verbal bullying. This often escalates to physical aggression and violence. Experts are searching for ways to help parents and schools stop the bullies.

Use the Science of What Works to Change the Odds for Children at Risk, Susan B. Neuman, Phi Delta Kappan, April 2009

Research documents that intelligence is not all genetic; it grows with targeting language and motivation in cultures of poverty. Education of single parents in their homes which focuses on child-caregiver activities increases both cognitive and social- emotional development. Early intervention can break the cycle of disadvantage.

UNIT Development During Adolescence and Young Adulthood

Unit Overview

Part A. Adolescence

The Incredible Shrinking Childhood: How Early is too Early for Puberty?, Elizabeth Weil, New York Times Magazine, April 1, 2012

<...