Annual Editions: State and Local Government, 15/e

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Annual Edition: State and Local Government, Fifteenth Edition

Preface

Correlation Guide

Topic Guide

Internet References

Unit 1: Early Commentaries

Unit Overview

1. Federalist, No. 17, Alexander Hamilton, The Federalist Papers, 1787

According to Alexander Hamilton, a number of factors combine to make it highly unlikely that the national government will become too powerful in the federal system to be created by the constitution of 1787.

2. Federalist, No. 45, James Madison, The Federalist Papers, 1788

James Madison writes that the authority of the state governments will not be endangered by the central government in the proposed new federal system. He argues that history, the nature and role of state governments, and the relatively few powers delegated to the national government in the proposed Constitution support his conclusion.

3. Nature of the American State, James Bryce, The American Commonwealth, 1888

After noting that there is considerable diversity among the states, James Bryce focuses on the factors that promote uniformity among them. He also discusses the constitutional and legal standing of the states in the American federal system.

4. The American System of Townships . . . , Alexis de Tocqueville, Democracy in America, 1835

Alexis de Tocqueville discusses the important role of local institutions in preserving the spirit of liberty. He describes how New England townships are governed and how they contribute to American democracy.

5. Local Government: Observations, James Bryce, The American Commonwealth, 1888

James Bryce identifies the origins of the three systems of rural local government in the United States and distinguishes the three systems according to the roles of towns and counties. He discusses the absence of representative assemblies in local government, the chief functions of local government, and the roles that political parties play.

Unit 2: Intergovernmental Relations

Unit Overview

6. Demographics and Destiny, Joel Kotkin, Governing, May 2010

Joel Kotkin notes that the U.S. population is expected to grow by 100 million people in the next 40 years. In the context of state and local governments, he addresses the implications of Americans' preference for decentralized governance structures as well as decentralized working and living environments.

7. Taking Stock, Alan Ehrenhalt, Governing, February 2010

Alan Ehrenhalt traces and explains changes in the balance between state and local governments over the preceding 22 years.

8. Eminent Domain—For the Greater Good?, Garry Boulard, State Legislatures, January 2006

Garry Boulard reports the responses of state legislatures and the U.S. Congress to the Supreme Court's controversial Kelo v. City of New London ruling in 2005. In its 5–4 decision, the Court ruled that states can use the power of eminent domain to take over private property solely for the purpose of economic development.

9. Devolution's Double Standard, Alan Ehrenhalt, Governing, April 2003

Alan Ehrenhalt discusses the marked difference between the principle and the practice of devolution among national, state, and local governments in the United States.

Unit 3: Linkages between Citizens and Governments

Unit Overview

Part A. Elections, Referenda, Initiatives, and Public Meetings

10. On the Oregon Trail, Sam Rosenfeld, The American Prospect, May 2006

Sam Rosenfeld reports how several states have been following Oregon's vote-by-mail lead and how they have been making changes in their electoral procedures.

11. Caperton's Coal: The Battle Over an Appalachian Mine Exposes a Nasty Vein in Bench Politics, John Gibeaut, ABA Journal, February 1, 2009

John Gibeaut reports how a corporation backing a West Virginia Supreme Court of Appeals candidate for election was later rewarded in a pivotal court ruling. He also discusses the more general problem of corruption, bias, and the like among judges, especially elected ones.

12. The No-Tax Pledge, Jonathan Walters, Governing, October 2010

Jonathan Walters discusses the powerful role of anti-income tax fervor in election campaigns in the nine states that do not collect an income tax.

13. California, Here We Come, Peter Schrag, The Atlantic Monthly, March 1998

Peter Schrag argues that the non-deliberative nature of initiatives and other instruments of direct democracy threatens minority rights.

14. Taking the Initiative, Jennie Drage Bowser, State Legislatures, October/November 2010

Jennie Drage Bowser describes an experiment called Citizens Initiative Review, which is aimed at making Oregon voters better informed before voting on ballot initiatives.

15. Public Meetings and the Democratic Process, Brian Adams, Public Administration Review, January/February 2004

Brian Adams considers the role of public meetings in local government decision-making. He concludes that they seem to play a role different from that commonly attributed to them.

Part B. Media

16. Reloading at the Statehouse, Mark Lisheron, American Journalism Review, Fall 2010

Mark Lisheron surveys the variety of mostly web-based alternatives springing up as a result of the decline in coverage of state legislatures by traditional news organizations.

17. Bloggers Press for Power, Nicole Casal Moore, State Legislatures, January 2007

Nicole Casal Moore discusses whether bloggers should be given the same press credentials and access in state capitols as journalists who use more traditional media such as newspapers and television.

18. Cities without Newspapers, Rachel Smolkin, American Journalism Review, June/July 2009

Rachel Smolkin addresses the role that newspapers play in urban public life and summarizes research on the negative impact of closing a major city newspaper.

19. Cross Examination, Steve Weinberg, Quill Magazine, January/February 2004

Steve Weinberg argues that journalists have not adequately covered the activities of local prosecutors, despite the very important government powers they exercise. He also reports some interesting and important findings about prosecutors that resulted from the work of a few journalists who covered them seriously.

20. A Shift of Substance, Bonnie Bressers, Quill Magazine, May 2004

Bonnie Bressers reports that the recent trend of broadcast consolidation and monopoly ownership has adversely affected local radio news.

Unit 4: Government Institutions and Officeholders

Unit Overview

Part A. Legislatures

21. The Legislature as Sausage Factory: It's about Time We Examine This Metaphor, Alan Rosenthal, State Legislatures, September 2001

Alan Rosenthal systematically evaluates Otto von Bismark's well-known observation that likens the legislative process to sausage making.

22. Termed Out, Russell Nichols, Governing, January 2011

Russell Nichols explores the adverse impacts of term limits on the functioning of state legislatures and suggests ways to counteract the effects of high turnover of lawmakers on the legislative process.

23. What Legislatures Need Now, Karl Kurtz and Brian Weberg, State Legislatures, July/August 2010

The authors report that some problems in state legislatures highlighted in a 1970s report have been resolved and that new problems have arisen. In turn, the authors pose 12 questions aimed at determining how well a state legislature is functioning.

24. Are City Councils a Relic of the Past?, Rob Gurwitt, Governing, April 2003

Rob Gurwitt examines the way city councils in America's major cities are functioning today. He suggests that individual city council members have become increasingly parochial in their concerns and that city councils as a whole have become dysfunctional.

25. First, Kill All the School Boards, Matt Miller, The Atlantic Monthly, January/February 2008

Matt Miller argues that local control by more than 15,000 school boards has not been helpful to American public education and explains why he favors "nationalizing" school governance.

26. The Private Life of E-mail, Pam Greenberg, State Legislatures, January 2010

Pam Greenberg surveys the confidentiality of state legislators' and other public officials' e-mail , instant messaging , and the like in the 50 states and their localities.

Part B. Executives

27. When I Run Out of Fights to Have, I'll Stop Fighting, Matt Bai, New York Times Magazine, February 24, 2011

Matt Bai describes and assesses the political style of prominent New Jersey governor Chris Christie. Bai addresses the difficult financial straits in which many state and local governments, their public employees, and public sector labor unions find themselves these days.

28. The Badgered State: Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker Is the Left's Public Enemy No. 1, Robert Costa, National Review, March 21, 2011

Robert Costa assesses the remarkable controversy that enveloped the Wisconsin state legislature in early 2011 and the role of Wisconsin Governor Scott Walker in the events.

29. If He Can Make It There . . . , Daniel S. Comiskey, Indianapolis Monthly, December 2010

Daniel Comiskey chronicles the experiences and performance of Steven Goldsmith as a top government executive in two major American cities—as mayor of Indianapolis in the late 20th century and as deputy mayor for operations in New York under Mayor Michael Bloomberg a decade later.

30. Counter Cultures, Marty Linsky, State Legislatures, January 2011

Marty Linsky presents and explores four key differences that distinguish success in business and success in government.

31. Rise of the Generals, Josh Goodman, Governing, June 2010

Josh Goodman notes that the 1998 multi-billion dollar tobacco settlement signaled a newfound prominence for state attorneys general, particularly for liberal Democratic attorneys general. More recently, Goodman reports, conservative Republican state attorneys general have taken the lead and are aggressively pursuing their more conservative agenda.

Part C. Courts

32. Justice by Numbers, Lois G. Forer, The Washington Monthly, April 1992

A former Philadelphia judge discusses mandatory sentencing laws and their negative effects on the criminal justice system and on her own career.

33. Kids, Not Cases, Susan Robison, State Legislatures, December 2007

Susan Robison reports that state courts often make decisions about children's custodial arrangements without providing for suitable legal representation for the children. In addition, affected children do not usually have the right to appear in court. She argues that state legislatures should try to ensure more appropriate judicial procedures and greater accountability.

Unit 5: Cities and Suburbs, Counties and Towns

Unit Overview

34. How to Save Our Shrinking Cities, Witold Rybzynski and Peter D. Linneman, The Public Interest, Spring 1999

The authors describe the changing faces of American cities and explore several urban government responses to these changes. They suggest that consolidation and de-annexation may be viable responses to the shrinking of large cities.

35. The Big Apple: Urban Incubator, Alan Greenblatt, National Journal, July 10, 2010

Alan Greenblatt reports that New York City under Mayor Michael Bloomberg has been a policy innovator in such areas as health, public safety, housing, and the environment.

36. Unscrambling the City, Christopher Swope, Governing, June 2003

Using Chicago as an example, Christopher Swope explains how and why urban zoning laws have become outdated and acknowledges some of the considerations that are to be taken into account while drafting revisions.

37. The Sentient City, Zach Patton, Governing, April 2010

Zach Patton reports how newly a...